超细腻的nginx负载均衡设置全程奉献.doc

超细腻的nginx负载均衡设置全程奉献现在我们来学习一下，nginx的负载均衡设置，同样，也是借由tomacat来实现。在这里我们用的是NFS服务器，要保证这些数据程序是同步的之后才能进行后面的操作。那么更具体的过程还是从下文中了解吧。前端一台nginx服务器做调度.后端两台tomcat做WEB服务器.这里动态页与静态页都由tomcat来处理.软件:nginx-0.7.28.tar.gzpcre-7.8.tar.gzapache-tomcat-6.0.20.tar.gzjdk-6u14-linux-i586-rpm.bin架构说明三台服务器:一台调度也就是nginx服务器,它还是NFS服务器,我们把2个tomcat的webapps目录挂载到NFS服务器上,这样数据程序是同步的了配置步骤:一web服务器的配置首先安装两台tomcat,两台安装都一样1.安装JDK1. #pwd 2. /usr/local 3. #chmoda+xjdk-6u14-linux-i586-rpm.bin 4. #./jdk-6u14-linux-i586-rpm.bin 5. #ln-s/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_14/usr/local/java设置环境变量# vi profile末尾增加如下内容1. JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_14 2. CLASSPATH=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_14/lib/dt.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_14/lib/tools.jar 3. PATH=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_14/bin:$PATH 4. exportPATHJAVA_HOMECLASSPATH2.安装tomcat1. #cpapache-tomcat-6.0.20.tar.gz/usr/local/ 2. #cd/usr/local/ 3. #tarxzvfapache-tomcat-6.0.20.tar.gz 4. #ln-sapache-tomcat-6.0.20tomcat 5. #vi/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh加入一行:1. JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_14 2. #/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh启动服务后访问本地的8080端口可以看到对应apache tomcat页面了把Tomcat加到自启动:# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local在里面加入如下代码:1. exportJDK_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_14 2. exportJAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_14 3. /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh至此tomcat已安装成功了优化: tomcat 比如防止内存溢出; TCP/IP 比如time_wait与closed_wait等等二 安装 nginxnfs 注意它们是一台服务器上1.安装 nginx在安装之前首先要安装pcre-7.9.tar.gz1. #tarzxvfpcre-7.9.tar.gz 2. #cdpcre-7.9 3. #./configure 4. #make&makeinstall安装nginx1. #tarzxvfnginx-0.7.61.tar.gz 2. #cdnginx-0.7.61 3. #./configure-with-http_stub_status_module-prefix=/usr/local/nginx 4. #make&makeinstall修改nginx的配置文件我这里是把原先的重命名然后新建了一个nginx.conf1. #vinginx.conf 2. usernobodynobody; 3. worker_processes8; 4. pid/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; 5. worker_rlimit_nofile51200; 6. events 7. 8. useepoll; 9. worker_connections51200; 10. 11. http 12. includemime.types; 13. default_typeapplication/octet-stream; 14. server_names_hash_bucket_size128; 15. client_header_buffer_size32k; 16. large_client_header_buffers432k; 17. client_max_body_size8m; 18. 19. sendfileon; 20. tcp_nopushon; 21. keepalive_timeout60; 22. tcp_nodelayon; 23. fastcgi_connect_timeout300; 24. fastcgi_send_timeout300; 25. fastcgi_read_timeout300; 26. fastcgi_buffer_size64k; 27. fastcgi_buffers464k; 28. fastcgi_busy_buffers_size128k; 29. fastcgi_temp_file_write_size128k; 30. gzipon; 31. gzip_min_length1k; 32. gzip_buffers416k; 33. gzip_http_version1.0; 34. gzip_comp_level2; 35. gzip_typestext/plainapplication/x-javascripttext/cssapplication/xml; 36. gzip_varyon; 37. #设定负载均衡列表 38. upstreambackend 39. 40. server9:8080; 41. server0:8080; 42. 43. #设定虚拟主机 44. server 45. listen80; 46. server_; 47. #对/所有做负载均衡(本机nginx采用完全转发,所有请求都转发到后端的tomcat集群) 48. location/ 49. root/var/www; 50. indexindex.jspindex.htmindex.html; 51. proxy_redirectoff; 52. #保留用户真实信息 53. proxy_set_headerHost$host; 54. proxy_set_headerX-Real-IP$remote_addr; 55. proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 56. proxy_passhttp:/backend; 57. 58. 59. #location/nginx 60. #access_logon; 61. #auth_basicNginxStatus; 62. #auth_basic_user_file/usr/local/nginx/htpasswd; 63. # 64. log_formataccess$remote_addr-$remote_user$time_local$request 65. $status$body_bytes_sent$http_referer 66. $http_user_agent$http_x_forwarded_for; 67. access_log/var/log/access.logaccess; 68. 69. 检查nginx的配置文件# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t启动nginx# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx重启nginx# kill -HUP cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid(1)查看负载均衡信息location /nginx stub_status on; access_log on; auth_basic NginxStatus; auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/htpasswd; 其中/usr/local/nginx/htpasswd可以用apache自带的功能生成最后在IE里访问:/nginx, 然后输入用户名密码就进入了进入之后的说明输入地址 /nginx/,输入验证帐号密码,即可看到类似如下内容:Active connections: 328 server accepts handled requests 9309 8982 28890 Reading: 1 Writing: 3 Waiting: 324 第一行表示目前活跃的连接数第三行的第三个数字表示Nginx运行到当前时间接受到的总请求数,如果快达到了上限,就需要加大上限值了第四行是Nginx的队列状态(2)负载均衡upstream backend server 9:8080; server 0:8080; 三 配置NFS需要安装rpm包portmapnfs，1. #vi/etc/export 2. /var/www9(rw,sync,no_root_squash),0(rw,sync,no_root_squash) 3. #serviceportmaprestart 4. #servicenfsstart 5. #exportfs-rv重新输出共享目录，# showmoun -e查看本机共享的目录然后tomcat的两台服务器挂载，# mount 8:/var/www /usr/local/tomcat/weapps然后我们要在两台tomcat的配置文件中即server.xml中做虚拟主机要与nginx.conf里的一致才OK。1. #viserver.xml 2. 3.