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Lean Production and information technology: Connection or contradiction?Computers in IndustryThe principles of Lean Production have enabled organisations in the manufacturing and service sectors to significantly improve their competitiveness. The application of Lean principles, derived from the Toyota Production System has enabled many organisations to simultaneously improve productivity, quality and customer service. Similar benefits have been achieved through the application of information technology (IT). The application of IT and Lean principles are claimed to be interdependent and complimentary by some; whilst others have seen as the approaches as being mutually exclusive. This article presents reviews the role of IT in achieving the principles of Lean Production. Three important topics are reviewed: the use of IT in production logistics; computer-aided production management systems; and advanced plant maintenance. It is shown that the roots of different ways of working were similar, but that subsequent developments followed in opposite directions. Later, when the acceptance of Lean Production became more pervasive, the practices typically converged into hybrid production systems, applying elements of several systems in a way that is consistent with the principles with Lean Production.1. Introduction2. Production control systems and Lean principles 2.1. Historical background of production planning and control systems 2.1.1. A dynamic world2.2. Production planning systems 2.2.1. Centralisation vs. decentralization2.2.2. Planning for Cellular Manufacturing/Group Production2.2.3. Cyclical planning systems and the use of the information technology2.3. Push and pull systems 2.3.1. Lean or not Lean: the performance comparisons2.3.2. Complications2.4. The development of systems for Lean Production 2.4.1. Pull systems for to-order-production2.5. ConWIP: constant work in process2.6. Polca: paired-cell overlapping loops of cards with authorisation3. Computer-aided production management systems 3.1. Integrated functionalities 3.1.1. Inconsistent with the principles of Lean3.2. Enterprise Requirements Planning (ERP)3.3. Transformation to hybrids: ERP, pull systems and just-in-time4. Advanced maintenance processes 4.1. The development of the maintenance function 4.1.1. The organisation of maintenance 4.1.1.1. Total productive maintenance4.1.1.2. Condition-based maintenance4.1.1.3. Reliability centred maintenance4.1.1.4. Risk-based maintenance4.2. Further specific applications of IT in maintenance 4.2.1. MMIS4.2.2. Decision support systems4.2.3. Performance monitoring and evaluation4.3. Summary, discussion and observations5. Summary and research directions 5.1. Production planning and control systems 5.1.1. Computer-aided production management5.1.2. Advanced maintenance processes5.1.3. Suggested research directionsA flexible web-based simulation game for production and logistics management coursesSimulation Modelling Practice and TheoryThis study develops a flexible simulation game environment called SIMPLE (Simulation of Production and Logistics Environment) in order to raise teaching effectiveness and improve classroom teaching in emerging production paradigms. Instructors can tailor SIMPLE by simply setting the appropriate parameters. SIMPLE can thus be adopted at various teaching stages to teach different major business concepts, such as inventory management, capacity management, pricing determination and negotiation, and information-sharing between players. Meanwhile, SIMPLE was employed in two courses to evaluate the degree of students acceptance of using SIMPLE in classrooms. The resul