课件：神经系统调控.pptx

后面内容直接删除就行 资料可以编辑修改使用 资料可以编辑修改使用,主要经营：网络软件设计、图文设计制作、发布广告等 公司秉着以优质的服务对待每一位客户，做到让客户满意！,致力于数据挖掘，合同简历、论文写作、PPT设计、计划书、策划案、学习课件、各类模板等方方面面，打造全网一站式需求,感谢您的观看和下载,The user can demonstrate on a projector or computer, or print the presentation and make it into a film to be used in a wider field,运动神经调节 the nerve regulation of motor,邓石可,catalogue,Structure of neurons,1 细胞膜 cytomembrane 2 胞体 soma （细胞质和细胞器） 3 细胞骨架 cytoskeleton 4 突触 synapsis,cytomembrane,Soma,线粒体 mitochondria 内质网 endoplasmic reticulum 高尔基体 Golgi apparatus 核糖体 ribosome 溶酶体 lysosome,cytoskeleton,神经元纤维 neurofibril 微管 microtubule 神经丝 neurofilament 微丝 microfilament,synapse,Synapse：一个神经元与另一个神经元进行信息交流的接触点，是神经元信息交流的基本结构。 突触传递：The process of information transter at a synapse chemical synapse Synapse electrical synapse,Neuronal activity,1 代谢活动 Metabolic activity 2 胞浆活动 Axoplasmic activities 3 电活动 Electrical activity 4 递质释放 Neurotransmitter release,Electrical activity,信息载体 脑的重要功能活动形式,Electrical activity,Electrical activity,Electrical activity,五种电位 1 电紧张电位 Electrotonic potential （线性关系） 2 局部反应 Local potential （电刺激+膜电位改变） 3 动作电位Action potential （介绍极化状态的改变，发放的模式表示不同的信息） 4 突触电位 Synaptic potential,膜电位,Electrical activity,Ion channels,1 Non-gate ion channels 2 gated ion channel voltage-gated ion channels Na K cl ligand gated channels Neurotransmitter,Resting potential,Resting potential 神经元及其他可兴奋细胞未受刺激时存在于细胞膜内外两侧的电压差 非门控离子通道是静息电位的形成基础,Action potential,动作电位是可兴奋细胞兴奋时原有膜电位基础上出现的跨膜电位变化 Na离子通道是动作电位的形成基础 Na离子内流的再生循环 Na离子通道的失活关闭,1 绝对不应期 absolute refractory period 2 相对不应期 relativle refractory period 3 超常期 supernormal region 4 低常期 subnormal period,特征：全或无、不衰减扩布、脉冲发放、兴奋性变化,synapsis,Synaptic transmission,Electrical synapses structure function Synaptic Chemical synapses structure classification,Electrical synapses,Gap junction,Electrical synapses,介导神经元同步活动 通过相邻细胞共享电信号和化学信号，参与调节和营养神经元 参与神经胶质细胞功能调节,chemical synapse,most synaptic transmission in the mature human nervous system is through chemical synapse elementary strcture of chemical synapse presynaptic elements postsynaptic elements synaptic cleft,Presynaptic elements,Synaptic vesicle and mitochondria secretory vesicle Synaptic vesicle large densecore vesicle,synaptic cleft,extracellular matrix protein cell adhesion molecular 细胞外基质蛋白粘附分子,postsynaptic elements,1 postsynaptic membrance 2 receptors 3 postsynaptic density ( 致密带）,PSD,The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a protein dense specialization attached to the postsynaptic membrane. PSDs were originally identified by electron microscopy as an electron-dense region at the membrane of a postsynaptic neuron. The PSD is in close apposition to the presynaptic active zone and ensures that receptors are in close proximity to presynaptic neurotransmitter release sites. PSDs vary in size and composition among brain regions and have been studied in great detail at glutamatergic synapses. Hundreds of proteins have been identified in the postsynaptic density including glutamate receptors, scaffold proteins, and many signaling molecules.,致密带(PSD)是一种附着于突触后