课件：器质性心脏病vt：rfcaoricd.ppt

器质性心脏病室速的治疗 导管消融和/或 ICD?,室性心律失常的分类 2006 ACC/AHA/ESC Guideline,根据临床表现分类 血流动力学稳定 无症状 症状轻微 心悸 血流动力学不稳定 晕厥先兆 晕厥 SCD 心脏骤停,根据心电图分类 非持续性VT 单形性 多形性 持续性VT 单形性 多形性 BBRT 双向性VT和TdP 心室扑动和颤动,室性心律失常的分类 2006 ACC/AHA/ESC Guideline,根据基础疾病分类 慢性冠状动脉性心脏病 心力衰竭 先天性心脏病 神经症 非器质性心脏病 婴儿猝死综合征,心肌病 DCM HCM ARVC,ICD应用于器质性心脏病SCD的二级预防 (临床研究AVID/CIDS/CASH 荟萃分析),2年内事件 ICD 可达龙 P 值 (N=934) 总死亡数 200 255 P0.001 心律失常死亡数 61 117 P0.001 非心律失常死亡数 139 138,ICD二级预防临床研究的提示,采用ICD治疗有明确室性心律失常病史的患者，每年可以挽救500条生命，而这仅占SCD受害者总人数的0.1%,ICD的一级预防研究,MADIT 96 196 EF 35% / ICD vs med ther 54% reduction in mortality with ICD MUSTT 99 704 EF 40% / ICD vs med ther 54% reduction in (EP guided) mortality with ICD MADIT II 02 1232 EF 35% ICD vs med ther 31% reduction in mortality with ICD DEFINITE 04 229 EF 36% ICD and med ther ICD reduced rate of vs med ther death-7.9% vs 14% COMPANION 04 1520 NYHA III-IV CRT or CRTD and CRT / CRTD was med ther vs med ther associated with a 36% reduct. of risk of death SCD-HeFT 05 2521 EF 35% ICD+med ther vs med ther 23% reduction of +placebo vs med ther+Amio mortality with ICD,Santini M, et al. Heart 2007; 93: 1479-1483,COMPANION 研究 (QRS=120ms),主要终点：死亡或全因住院率,二级终点：全因死亡率,COMPANION评价CRT或CRT-D对心衰患者临床终点事件影响，结果显示 CRT-D 降低全因死亡率36%,ICD与抗心律失常药物治疗 在降低总死亡率方面的比较,1 The AVID Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1576-1583. 2 Kuck, et al. Circulation. 2000; 102:748-754. 3 Connolly, et al. Circulation. 2000; 101:1247-1302.,4 Moss AJ. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1933-1940. 5 Buxton AE. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1882-1890. 6 Moss. Investor Conference Call. November 27, 2001.,Cost-Benefit Analysis of preventing Sudden Cardiac Deaths with an ICD versus Amiodarone,Study in European (UK and France) ICDs decreased deaths during the 5 years from 37.0% to 29.7% at a net cost of 26.222 to 20.008 per patient, cost-benefit rations of 0.17(UK) and 0.14(France)-more than a 5 to 1 return on investment Conclusion In these European countries where society values a life at more than 2 million. ICDs are a worthwhile investment compared with amiodarone for primary prevention of SCD in pts with heart failure 2007 International SPOR, 1098-30,ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of CRA ICD治疗适应证,I 类 室颤或血流动力学不稳定的持续性室速的心脏骤停幸存者，病因明确且完全排除可逆因素 (证据等级：C) 器质性心脏病患者合并自发的持续性室速，不论血流动力学是否稳定 (证据等级：C),ICD治疗的相关问题,ICD本身可增加心律失常事件发生率 ICD的误放电问题 ICD的治疗费用较高 ICD反复更换所导致的感染问题 频繁电休克导致患者的生活质量下降以及心理问题 ICD植入手术死亡率1%，严重并发症3%,ICD治疗的相关问题,MADIT II 研究中，根据死亡数绝对值下降推算，每预防1次SCD需要植入16台ICD 即使如此，仍然有未被识别的患者处于危险之中,N Engl J Med. 2002; 346:877-83 Am Heart J. 2007; 153: 951-9 J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005;16 Suppl 1:S25-7 J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001 ; 12:369-81,ICD临床试验显示ICD植入增加心律失常事件,ICD植入后事件显著增加,458例非缺血性心肌病患者随机分为标准药物组（STD）及标准药物+ICD组（ICD） STD组15例猝死，ICD组3例猝死 ICD组心律失常事件（ICD放电+猝死）显著多于STD组,DEFINITE Investigators. Circulation 2006;113:776-782,单导联心电图连续记录显示了一例因多次ICD电击而致室颤晕厥的就诊患者，该患者自发单形性室速时并无晕厥症状，ICD第一次电击后将单形性室速转为室颤，之后第二次电击又将室颤转为另一种形态的室速，第三次电击再次转为室颤，由于ICD最后一次电击，该患者发生了晕厥直到体外除颤。该患者之前除发作过数次单形性室速外从未有过晕厥以及心脏骤停。如果未置入ICD，该患者可能不会经历这次晕厥。,Almendral J et al. Circulation 2007;116:1204-1212,MADIT-II: ICD对VT/VF一次或一次以上准确治疗,36%,年,电击复律的比例,SCD HeFT: 从植入至VT/VF电击复律时间,811,707,401,622,236,79,Number at risk,器质性心脏病室速的导管消融,虽然ICD是器质性心脏病室速的一线治疗手段，但是导管消融及抗心律失常药物(可达龙和受体阻滞剂)是其不可忽视的辅助治疗措施 Catheter ablation is an important therapeutic option for controlling recurrent VAs in patients with heart disease Zeppenfeld K and Stevenson WG. PACE 2008; 31:358374,器质性心脏病室速的导管消融,下列室速推荐导管消融治疗 症状性持续性单形性室速(SMVT), 包括ICD终止的室速,抗心律失常药物治疗后复发或抗心律失常药物不能耐受或不愿服用药物的室速 非可逆因素所致的无休止性VT或室速风暴 束支折返性室速或分支型室速 抗心律失常药物治疗无效的反复发生的持续性多形性室速和室颤，如为触发灶引起者则可行消融治疗,2009年EHRA/HRS/ESC/ACC/AHA 室速导管消融专家共识解读,器质性心脏病室速的导管消融,下列情况应当考虑导管消融 尽管使用了一种或多种类或类抗心律失常药物，但患者仍有一次或多次SMVT发作 陈旧性心肌梗死伴反复发生的SMVT患者、其LVEF30%且预计生存期1年，导管消融作为胺碘酮治疗外的可以接受的选择性治疗措施 陈旧性心肌梗死伴LVEF35%，且SMVT发作时血流动力学尚稳定者，即使抗心律失常药物治疗可能有效，仍可考虑导管消融,2009年EHRA/HRS/ESC/ACC/AHA 室速导管消融专家共识解读,Scar-Related Reentrant VT,心肌梗死后室速的导管消融,临床研究结果 19个中心共报导802例患者 7296%患者至少成功消融一种室速 3072%患者成功消融所有诱发的室速 手术相关的致死并发症为0.5% 13个研究平均随访12个月以上，5088%无复发,2009年EHRA/HRS/ESC/ACC/AHA 室速导管消融专家共识解读,心肌梗死后室速的导管消融,The Multicenter Thermocool Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation TrialThermocool 反复发作的室速患者231例(过去6个月发作平均11次) 采用拖带和/或电解剖基质标测技术 81%患者至少一种室速消融成功 49%患者所有室速均成功 随防6个月，51%复发,Stevenson WG, et al. Circulation 2008;118:277382,心肌梗死后室速的导管消融,The Euro-VT-Study 8个中心，入选63例，平均年龄63岁，平均LVEF28% 平均可诱发3种室速，67%植入ICD 81%患者至少1种室速消融成功 50%患者所有室速均成功消融 随访结果 随访6月，51%患者无复发 随访12月，死亡率为8%,Tanner H, et al. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009; published online July 28.DOI:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2009.01563.x.,束支折返性室速导管消融策略及处理 多伴发于冠心病、瓣膜性心脏病或心肌病引起的心功能不全 折返环由右束支-心室肌-左束支-希氏束-右束支构成 右束支是消融靶点，成功率100% 即使窦律时呈LBBB，右束支消融后一般不会出现心脏传导阻滞，但术后30%患者因心动过缓需要起搏治疗,非缺血性心肌病BBRT的导管消融,非缺血性扩张型心肌病合并室速的导管消融 19例DCM合并SM室速，14例经心内膜途径成功，随访22个月，5例患者无再发 另一项研究入选22例患者，消融策略是如果心内膜消融失败则改为心外膜途径标测及消融；术后随访334天，46%患者室速再发，其中1例患者死于心衰，2例患者接受心脏移植,非缺血性心肌病室速的导管消融,Nazarian S, et al. Circulation 2005;112:28215,Soejima K, et al. J Am CollCardiol 2004;43:183442,Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy,An effective ablation site in a patient with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. There is concealed entrainment and a diastolic potential during VT. The electrogram-QRS interval matches the stimulus-QRS interval (both are 210 ms). Shown are leads I, II, III, V1, and V6 and the intracardiac tracings from the mapping catheter (Map). Pacing cycle length is 450 ms and the VT cycle length is 490 ms.,Epicardial and endocardial mapping data from a patient with nonischemic cardiomyopathy,心包穿刺心外膜标测消融示意图,Catheter Ablation of Multiple VT After MI Guided by Combined Contact and Noncontact Mapping,Circulation. 2007; 115: 2697-2704,Remote Magnetic Navigation to Guide Endocardial and Epicardial Catheter Mapping of Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia,Remote map. and abl. of stable VT Shown are the clinical slow VTat 585 ms (A), inferior views of the electroanatomical activation (B) and voltage (C) maps during VT, and acardiac computed tomography scan Showing a calcified LV inferobasal scar (D) from a patient with post-MI VT (#1). E, At the start of an attempt at entrainment from an inferior wall site deep within the scar (denoted by the black arrow in panel B), the first paced beat terminated the VT without manifest global ventricular capture. F, Just apical to this site (denoted by the red arrow in panel B), stable Diastolic potentials are seen during VT; entrainment with concealed fusion and a post- pacing interval equal to 585 ms were observed at this location. G, During remote RFCA at this site, the VTwas eliminated in 4 s of commencing energy delivery,研究资料来自一些病例报告与小样本研究 一项研究入选11例患者，诱发出的15种室速均成功消融，随访30个月，91%患者无复发 另一项研究入选10例患者，均为法四矫正术后，采用非接触标测系统成功标测13种诱发的室速，11种室速是大折返，8例消融成功，随访期间6例无复发,先心脏病外科矫正术后室速的导管消融,Zeppenfeld K, et al. Circulation 2007; 116: 224152,ARVC室速的发生机理示意图,Catheter Ablation for ARVC-VT,VT in 32 ARVC-pts induced Mapping earliest VT activation using Non-Contact Mapping System Acute ablation success rate was 84.4%(27/32) 81.3% of the pts were free of VT without medication during the 28.616 month follow-up Conclusion ARVC-VT can be abolished or improved significantly by Regional ablation under the guidance of Non-contact mapping Yan Yao et al. PACE 2007;30:526-533,Long-Term Efficacy of Catheter Ablation of VT in pts with ARVC,24 pts in the Johns Hospitals ARVD registry, who underwent 1 or more than RFA procedures for VT Follow-up for 3236 months A total of 48 RFCA procedure performed using Carto (n=10) or conventional (n=38) mapping Forty (85%) procedure were followed by recurrence Conclusion: A high rate of recurrence in ARVC pts undergoing RFCA This likely reflects the fact that ARVC is a diffuse CM with progressively evolving electrical substrate Dalal D, et al. JACC 2007; 50: 432-440,ARRAY 非接触接触标测,系统,方 法,基质改良,消融策略,CARTO 基质起博标测,基质改良出口消融,第一次成功率：61.5% 第二次成功率：84.6% , FU: 9.07.0 (324)月,ARVC室速的导管消融 (南京医科大学第一附属医院),*导管消融21/44例ARVC患者,Safety and Outcomes of Cryoablation for VAs Results from a multicenter experience,Study population: 33 pts, mean age 54 8 years 15 pts endocardial ablation 13 pts epicardial ablation 5 pts aortic cusp ablation Ablation was successful in 15 (45%) pts and unsuccessful in 18 (55%) pts Cryoablation was successful in all parahisian case (100%) An aortic dissection occurred in aortic cusp Follow up of 24 monts, all successful cases free from VAs Biase LD, et al. Heart Rhythm 2011; 8: 968-974,Safety and Outcomes of Cryoablation for VAs Results from a multicenter experience,Conclussion Use of cryoablation for VAs has excellent success for arrhythmias near the His bundle Success rate at other sites appear less favorable Cryoablation may be considered as an alternative approach for reducing complication during ablation of VAs originating from sites close to other relevant cardiac structures (e.g. conduction system, coronary arteries) Biase LD, et al. Heart Rhythm 2011; 8: 968-974,老年冠心病患者室速导管消融的安全性,患者 75岁, n=72 75岁, n=213 p值 消融成功率 79.2% 87.8% 主要并发症 5.6% 2.3% 围手术期死亡率 2/72 9/213 0.74 随访期死亡 50.0% 35.2% 0.08 无VT发生 63.9% 60.1% 0.80,K Inada, et al. Heart Rhythm 2010; 7: 740-744,血流动力学稳定 器质性心脏病室速治疗选择,All Pats With Hemodynamically Tolerated Postinfarction VT: Do Not Require an ICD Catheter ablation confers both qualitative and quantitative protection against VT recurrence and SCD Although recurrence of a tolerated VT is not so rare, the SCD rate in these patients is extremely low Catheter ablation can be considered a therapeutic alternative for those patients with post-MI tolerated VT in whom the procedure produces a satisfactory short-term result,Jess Almendral and Mark E. Josephson, Circulation 2007; 116; 1204-1212,血流动力学稳定 器质性心脏病室速治疗选择,Patients With Hemodynamically Tolerated VT Require ICD Tolerated VT signals a risk of life-threatening arrhythmias The benefit of secondary-prevention ICD therapy is difficult to challenge Successful catheter ablation does not sufficiently reduce residual risk Callans DJ. Circulation 2007; 116; 1196-1203,Prophylactic Catheter Ablation for the Prevention of Defibrillator Therapy (SMASH),Background ICD shocks Painfulness clinical depression Dont offer complete protection against death from arrthymias Objective Randomised trial to exam. Whether prophylactic RFCA of arrhymogenic ventricular tissue would reduce the incidence of ICD therapy Reddy VY, et al. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2657-2665,Prophylactic Catheter Ablation for the Prevention of Defibrillator Therapy (SMASH),Methods Pts with a MI-history/no antiarrhythmic drugs 64 Pts with ICD alone 64 Pts with ICD/RFCA RFCA performed with use of a substrate-based approach Primary endpoint was survival Reddy VY, et al. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2657-2665,Prophylactic Catheter Ablation for the Prevention of Defibrillator Therapy (SMASH),Reddy VY, et al New Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2657-65,Ku