集创收与防风林屏障或绿篱为一体的果树.ppt

Fruit Trees: Income Generating Plant Materials for Windbreaks, Vegetative Barriers, & Hedgerows,Prepared by L. Robert Barber, Roland Quitugua, & Ilene Iriarte For: University of Guam, Cooperative Extension Service & Guam Department of Agriculture Funding provided by: United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, Western Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Administration for Native Americans, & Sanctuary Incorporated,Fruit Tree Windbreaks,Primary function is wind protection Tree spacing is much closer than normal (orchard) Fruit yield will be reduced dramatically once the plants are mature, if irrigation and nutrients are not provided along with a pruning program May require thinning in about 5-10 years depending on species,Land Preparation,If planting on new or overgrown land clear unwanted vegetation taking care not to remove the top soil If using a bulldozer do not scrape the soil Steeply sloping land should not be stripped of plant cover due to susceptibility to erosion Do not operate any machinery on wet soil because it will cause compaction affecting plant growth and development,Planting & Care,Minimum: Dig a hole the same depth and twice as wide as the root ball You want the crown (point where root & stem meet) level with the ground surface Keep soil and mulch away from the base of the plant to avoid rot,Planting & Care,Break up any of the roots that are circling the root ball “pot bound roots” Inspect roots for “j”root make sure tap root is straight “Its better to plant a $1 plant in a $10 hole than it is to plant $10 plant in a $1 hole”,Mulch,Mulch Your Plants Weed barrier Slow release nutrients Conserves water Protects your plants from bush cutters Bush cutters Often damages desired plants Physically harms plants Bush cutter disease (careless cuts girdle tree) kills huge numbers of trees on Guam.,Mulched Yoga surrounded by chicken wire,Common Causes of Plant Death,Planted too deep Mulched too deep Over watering or under watered Bush cutter damage Mulch or soil up against plant base (stem),Species Height,Short Species: 20 feet and under Calamansi - Noni Soursop - Lemon China Surinam Cherry Medium Species: 20-50 feet Avocado - Binalo Saba/Palau banana Dwarf coconut Large Species: 50 feet and over Breadfruit - Tamarind Mango,Spacing,Propagation,Calamansi,Can not tolerate water logged soils Can be used as living fences Good bee forage Flowers & fruits most of the year if irrigated Peel can be used in animal feed mixes,Lemon China,Can not tolerate water logged soils Can be used as living fences Good bee forage Flowers & fruits most of the year if irrigated,Lemon China,Soursop,Seeds are poisonous causing severe eye inflammation If soils are too dry the tree will drop all its leaves, mulching & irrigation are recommended Flowers and fruits more or less throughout the year Juice & pulp can be used in drinks or dried fruit Fruit & pulp may be used as animal fodder if seeds are removed,Avocado,Does not tolerate water logging Tolerates salt spray Used as animal fodder Avocados will not ripen while still attached to tree Full grown avocados will ripen 2 days to 1 week at room temperature Season can be extended by selecting different varieties,Saba/Palau Banana,Tolerant to most diseases For Nurseries Light well drained growing medium (pathogen free) Irrigate after planting Not a tree, has a pseudostem Sap permanently stains clothes Flower is a vegetable,Breadfruit,Fruits can weigh 0.5 13 lbs. Fruit yield is extremely variable & can range from 100 -700 fruits per tree. Average yield is 150 200 fruits per tree Does well interplanted with other species Surface roots can be easily damaged by mowers & other equipment (heavy mulching recommended),Breadfruit,Fruits are high in carbohydrates, vitamins, & minerals Seeds are high in protein, low in fat Salt and drought tolerant Can be potentially used as erosion control,Dokdok (Seeded breadfruit),Do not produce root shoots & cannot be grown from root cuttings Seeds are viable for several weeks Seeds cannot be stored, damaged by chilling, or drying Collect seeds from soft ripe fruits Seed should be firm, shinny & does not give way when squeezed Seeds germinate within 10-14 days Transplant to 1-2 gallon pots when true leaves have hardened Ready to transplant in the field in one year Will bear fruit in 6 10 years,Tamarind,Slow growing, long lived Wind resistant Withstands salt sprays There are many food uses: Curries, sauces, seasonings, drinks, & roasted Pulp is rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, & riboflavin,Tamarind,Surinam Cherry,Can grow in most soil types Can withstand waterlogged soils for a time Does not tolerate salt Seedlings grow slowly May fruit from 2 -5 years, depends on conditions Fruits rapidly become larger & sweeter after a good watering,Surinam Cherry,Lada or Noni,Noni flowers & fruits throughout the year Grows in a wide range of soils Can tolerate drought and water logged soils for long periods of time Very salt tolerant Regenerates rapidly Fruit, leaves, stems, & roots are used for medicinal purposes,Mango,Tolerate a wide range of soil types Considered to be drought tolerant During fruiting season will cause fruit drop & low yields Wind resistant & are used as windbreaks Sap is slightly caustic & toxic & can cause: Rash, blisters, swelling of lips, throat, face, & other parts of skin Sap burn on fruits,Mango Seeds,Monoembryonic: Contains only one embryo Cross between maternal & paternal parents Frui