课件：医学词汇构词法i11V.ppt

By Wang Lanying Foreign Language Department,The Formation of Medial Vocabulary,A Course of Learning English for Medical Purposes,I. Target,1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning,2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with ML,I. Target,3. Nurture the sense of stylistic research,II. Methodology,1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation,2.Understand the medical language traits through reading,3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features,4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers guide,III. Course Arrangement,1.72 Teaching periods,4/week,2.Eight Units this term,3.Required course and exam,4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically,Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning eye doctor,are examples. The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood.,What is medical language?,Basic elements of medical words,Most medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels (o/a) that join all these parts.,Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters),Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis,粉尘病,火山,硅/矽,超显微的,肺的,It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病 Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis,Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology. To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms.,gastr /o/ enter /o/ logy,root,root,suffix,Combining form,Electr /o/ cardi /o/ gram,root,root,root,combining vowel,combining vowel,心电图,Combining forms,prefixes,suffixes,cyt/o : cell derm/o :skin bi/o : life aden/o :gland arthr/o : joint nephr/o :kidney hepat/o : liver leuk/o :white oste/o : bone,epi- :above multi-: many poly-: many ex- : out endo- :inside trans- : across hyper-: excessive hypo- :deficient,-emia :blood condition -ectomy: excision -gram: record -cyte: cell -scope: instrument fro visually exam -itis: inflammation -ist : person specialized in -logy: process of study -oma: tumor -osis: abnormal condition -tomy: cutting,2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.,3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤 Hematoma: blood tumor 血肿,Oncology Nephrology Neurology Gastroenterology Nephritis Hepatitis Bronchitis Carcinoma Hematoma hepatoma,anatomy: process of cutting up gastrectomy: removal of the stomach arthrotomy: incision of a joint leukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多 Necrosis 坏死 Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多,The Roles of Pronunciation,Medical Terminology Systems Organs Tissues Cells,Endocrine syst.,Reproductive syst.,Mastery of Medical Words,Organs Tissues Cells,Distribution of vocabulary in medical literature,Essential voc.,Popular science voc.,Medical terms,The 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndrome,The 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation,The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, study,Distribution of vocabulary,Medical Terminology,I. Conversion II. derivative III. Compounding,opportunist 条件致病菌 physiology/-ist/ -gic asymptomatic antivirus radioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳,I. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block 交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药； capsule 胶囊药,被膜,Reservoir 贮主(zhu) To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主 space occupying lesion 占位性病变,Derivatives,Prefix: ir- il- im- mis-,irregularity, irresistable illegal, illiterate immature immobile immodest immorality misbehavior mislead misfortune misstate mismanage,Prefix Dis/dys- dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea disease in- inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivated,un- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射 undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎 unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸 unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛,none- nonsmoker nonelectrolyte nonstress test nonulcer dyspepsia nonspecific immunity nonsense mutation nonself,非抽烟者 非电解质 无应激实验 非溃疡性消化不良 非特异性免疫 无义突变 非自我的,ex- exclusion excretion exhale ex- president ex-wife exclude,排斥 排泄 呼气 前总统 前妻 排除在外,Suffix: n. reliance resistance existence coldness consciousness decision collision inclusion treatment encouragement,Adj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially,V.-en.(a.+ en) whiten widen fasten(tie) lengthen shorten worsen weaken brighten lighten,-al n. survival refusal arrival proposal withdrawal removal (but not: compose, compromise),Compounds,Roots Organs and their roots liver hepato/a- lung pulmono- kidney reno-/nephro- heart cardio- nerve neuro-,spleen splen(o) brain cerebro- head cephal(o) eye ophthalm/ skin dermo- ear oto-(otology) chest thorac/o- arteri/o artery vaso vessel,nose naso- / nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo- Laryngitis 喉炎 Pharynx 咽 Pharyng (o)- Pharyngectomy 咽切除,描述人体器官方位： Anterior anterior band of colon 结肠前带 posterior posterior teeth 后牙 superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉 inferior inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉,inter- (between) interatrial 房间的 intra-(inside) intracellular endo-(intra- ) endocarditis poly-(many, much) polyarthritis multi- (many, much) -multicuspid 多尖的 hyper-(high, extra) hypertension,hypo-(low,less) hypotension homo-( same) homolateral同侧的 homograft hetero-(different) heteroantigen 异种抗原 dys-(not) dysplasia发育不良,dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难 counter- 对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalance 等衡 psycho- 精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiology,thrombo-血栓 thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎 Thromboendocarditis 血栓性心内膜炎 meningo- 脑膜，脑脊膜 meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎,lympho- lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少 radio- radionuclide- angiocardiography 放射性核素心血管造影术 immuno- immunosuppression,electro- electrosynthesis 电合成 staphylo- 葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍垂成形术,Strepto- Streptococcus Streptomycin Osteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤 Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的,Suffix: -itis (inflammation) hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎,-ectomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy -graphy（照像术） cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法,- gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图 -scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope,-cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte -coccus 球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci streptococci,-logy (science) Psychology Sociology Pathology Pharmacology -ist ( scientist) Physiologist -cian physician, pediatrician technician,clinician -oma (neoplasm)瘤 hepatoarcinoma adenoma 腺瘤 -emia -imia血症 leukemia lipidemia 脂血症 erythroblastemia