农业土地用途的模式modeloffarming.ppt

1,B.2. A Model of Agricultural land use 農業土地用途的模式 (2),Sinclairs Model 辛克萊模式,2,Sinclairs Model 辛克萊模式,Development發展 (Reasons for the development of new model發展新模式的原因) Von Thunens model failed to apply in the advanced industrialized countries with continuous urban expansion 范杜能模式不能應用於城市不斷擴張的工業國家,3,Under continuous urban expansion 城市不斷擴張下,competition between urban and rural land use on the urban edge has became keen 在城市邊緣，城市與農業土地用途的競爭激烈 with increasing distance from the market centre, the intensity of production will increase, and crop types will be varied 隨與城市距離增加，生產密度增加，農作物的類別亦改變,4,Urban 城市 vs Agricultural 農業,urban land use has higher rent / return 城市用地有較高的租值回報 it may displace rural land use 它能取代農業用地,5,Degree of urban encroachment 城市蠶食的程度,the greater the chance of urban land use taking over, the less the farmers invest in land 被城市用地取替的機會越高，農夫在土地上的投資越少 the degree of this anticipation declines with distance from city 預測的程度會隨城市距離而遞減,6,Agricultural land use pattern 農業用地模式,7,O: urban centre O-Y: value of agriculture is 0 農業價值是零 Under the anticipation of urban encroachment在城市蠶食的預測下，farmers do not invest in land between O-Y 農夫不會在O-Y間的土地投資,8,Y-B: when degree of urban anticipation decreases, investment increases. Value of agricultural increases.當預測的程度下降，投資會增加，農業價值上升 From B: there is no more anticipation of urban expansion. Agricultural value is high 沒有城市擴張的預測，農業價值高,9,next to market 鄰近市場 there is land with no agricultural value 土地無農業價值(abandoned land棄耕地),10,Land use (1) with gentler slope of agricultural value 土地利用(1)的農業價值坡度較平緩 less intensity of agricultural investment is located near market 投資密度較少的農業活動較近市場,11,steeper slope (2), is the more intensive type of agricultural (2)的農業價值坡度較陡斜,屬於較集約式的農業類別,12,13,Sinclairs Model 辛克萊模式,14,Sinclairs Model 辛克萊模式,Zone 1: at the edge of the built-up area 在已發展地區的邊緣 land is changing to urban areas不斷改變為城市用地 held by speculators被投機者持有 exception例外: farm factories農業工廠, green house溫室,15,Zone 2: zone of vacant land空置用地 held by speculator or farmers intending to sell the land被投機者或有意售地的農夫擁有 so, land has no / little farming use, but for recreational purposes 土地並無太大農業用途，只作娛樂用途,16,Zone 3: a field crop and grazing zone雜糧及放牧區 Zone 4: a broad zone of dairy and field zone乳牛及雜糧帶,17,HK Agricultural land use pattern 香港農業用地模式,Post-war戰後 influx of immigrants (skilled vegetable farmers) from The Mainland China 大量中國大陸移民（熟練菜農）湧入,18,conversion of rice fields to vegetable gardens稻田改變為菜園 pig and chicken rearing 豬雞飼養場,19,Industrialization 工業化,wage different between agricultural and industrial workers 農業和製造業工人薪金的的差異 （rural-urban migration 鄉市遷移）,20,Industrialization 工業化,rice fields稻田: unattended空置 fields on higher ground 高地的農田(declined and disappeared減少及消失) better soil優質泥土: cultivated intensively 密集耕作similar to Von Thunen immediate zone around market鄰近市場地區- intensive activities集約式 outer ring外圍- abandoned棄耕,21,與范杜能模式相似,better soil優質泥土: cultivated intensively 密集耕作similar to Von Thunen immediate zone around market鄰近市場地區- intensive activities集約式 outer ring外圍- abandoned棄耕,22,Yuen Long, HK,23,Yuen Long, HK,Zone 1: innermost layer and along major highways內圈及沿主要幹線 abandoned farms棄耕地 因為because shortage of manpower 人力短缺(labor costs increase)- （rural-urban migration 鄉市遷移） lease land to small factories 土地租給小型工廠 speculation投機 described by Sinclair (urban expansion城市擴張),24,Zone 2: market garden crop 園藝農業 more investment and mechanization機械化 vegetable, pig and poultry菜，豬及家禽 lowland of Yuen Long , Kantin, Sheung Shui元朗，錦田及上水的低地,25,Zone 3: Fish ponds魚塘 around Deep Bay后海灣 Zone 4: Abandoned land棄耕地 inaccessible area不易達地區 Zone 5: Forest and grazing land 林地草地 Remote偏僻 sloppy areas山坡,26,Conclusion,with urban expansion城市擴張下 Sinclairs theory辛克萊模式 : waste agricultural land in urban edge城市