《印刷专业英语》PPT课件.ppt

1,程常现 主编,印刷专业英语 English and Knowledge on graphic communication,2,翻译的标准,文学翻译 清末启蒙思想家严复“信达雅”三字标准 信：译文的思想内容忠于原作 达：译文表达通顺明白 雅：风格优美 科技英语翻译 准确规范 通顺易懂 简介明晰,3,准确规范 所谓准确，就是忠实地、不折不扣地传达原文的全部信息内容。 所谓规范，就是译文要符合所涉及的科学技术或某个专业领域的专业语言表达规范。 例如：The printer then sent the pages to a bindery where they were folded, sewn together, trimmed, and encased in a cover. 印刷工人把印刷品送到装订厂，在那里进行折页、装订、裁切并包上封面。,4,通顺易懂 译文语言必须明白晓畅、文理通顺、结构合理、逻辑关系清楚，没有硬译造成语言晦涩难懂的现象。,5,简介明晰 译文要简短精炼、一目了然，要尽量避免繁琐、冗赘和不必要的重复。 例如：Most printing is done in order to convey a message from one person or group of people to another. 译：大多数印刷是为了在人们之间传递信息。 或：大多数印刷是为了从一个人或一群人到另一个人或一群人传递信息。,6,科技英语文体的特点,第三人称句多 科技文体的主要目的在于阐述科学事实、科学发现、实验结果等，不是介绍发明者或者发现者的主观感受。因此，科技文章往往不用第一、第二人称句。,7,科技英语大量使用被动语态 科技英语主要以客观陈述为主，表述科学发现、科学事实、实验报告和各类说明。 专业名词、术语多,重要,8,Printing graphic arts graphic communications (图文信息传播) 印刷 说明了某种情况下英文术语的多变性 反映了印刷科技发展的不同历史阶段,9,我国及国际印刷工业和图像传播业的发展与展望Development and Prospects of Printing and Graphic Communication Industry at Home and Abroad 网印工业SCREEN PRINTING INDUSTRY 出版与印刷PUBLISHING & PRINTING,10,印刷专业英语 Language & Knowledge On Graphic Arts，程常现 编译，印刷工业出版社，1999年8月 印刷专业英语 English And Knowledge On Graphic Communications，程常现 主编，印刷工业出版社，2007年1月,11,Its products are all around us,When we think about an industry ,we generally think in terms of its major product or products. The steel industry produces steel and the automotive industry, automobiles. But what does the graphic arts industry produce? The answer is things that are printed or related to the printing business, such as paper, inks, films or bindings.,纸张,油墨,胶片,装订材料,12,Printed products are all around us. Books and magazines, newspapers and catalogs, maps and charts, posters and brochures, stamps and paper money are some examples of products produced in their entirety by the graphic arts industry.,书,杂志,报纸,目录册,地图,图表,广告,小册子,邮票,纸币,13,Printing plays a key role in the generation of products produced by other industries as well. For example, textiles, wallpaper, toothpaste tubes, soft drink cans, candy wrappers, oranges and baseballs all contain printed images. Even the circuits used for electronic devices such as calculators and television sets are printed.,textile 纺织品 wallpaper 墙纸 toothpaste tube 牙膏皮 soft drink can 饮料罐 candy wrapper 糖纸 orange 橘子 baseball 棒球 calculator 电子计算机 television set 电视机 circuit 电路板,纺织品,墙纸,牙膏皮,饮料罐,糖纸,橘子,电路板,电子计算器,电视机,14,When we use the graphic communication as an alternative of printing or graphic arts, we also extend the product scope of printing industry. Satellite communication of documents, computer generated images, monitor display of words, etc., are consider as a part of graphic communication products.,satellite communication of documents 文件的卫星传输 computer generated images 计算机生成图像 monitor display of words 文件在显示器上显示,文件的卫星传输,计算机生成图像,文件在显示器上显示,15,The list of products in whole or in part by the graphic communication industry is almost endless. Think about it. Printing is all around us.,16,Its purpose is to communication,Most printing is done in order to convey a message from one person or group of people to another. Newspapers, books, magazines ,catalogs, greeting cards, labels, and business forms are all examples of printed products used for this purpose. They all contain messages. When a message is sent by one person and received by another, communication takes place.,贺卡,标签,商业表格,17,Printing messages are graphic or visual in form. They are made up of symbols, drawing, and photographs. Communication through the use of printed images is called graphic communication. The primary purpose of the graphic arts industry, then, is to produce products that communication graphically.,18,Scope of the industry,This book is a product of the graphic communications industry. Several individuals and business enterprises played an important role in its creation. Together these individuals and enterprises represent the scope of the industry. So lets now take a brief look at how this book was produced.,19,The main purpose of this book is to help you learn scientific English on graphic communications. It deals with the organization, tools, materials, and processes of the graphic communication industry. The content, or message, of this book was developed by the author after consultation with the publisher.,20,The publisher provided design and editorial assistance and managed the production and sale of the book. Type had to be set by the workers that specialize in type composition. They are called compositors or typesetters. Illustrations were gathered. Artists created drawings and photographers made photographs.,排字工,排字工,21,The assembled type, artwork, and photographs were sent to a printer, who made plates, and printed the pages. The printer then sent the pages to a bindery where they were folded, sewn together, trimmed, and encased in a cover.,symbol 标志 drawing 图画 photograph 照片 type 文字 artwork 画稿,文字,画稿,照片,装订厂,折叠,装订,裁切,包上封面,制版,22,The author, editor, publisher, compositor, artist, photographer, printer, and binder all played an important role in the creation of this book. Supplies such as paper and ink products and printing equipment were needed as well. The graphic communication industry encompasses a wide range of occupation, activities , and enterprises.,publisher 出版商 compositor 排版工 typesetter 排版工 artist 画家 author 作者 editor 编辑 photographer 摄影师 printer 印刷工 binder 装订工 bindery 装订厂,作者,编辑,出版商,排版工,画家,摄影师,印刷工,装订工,23,Scale of the industry,Graphic communication industry is one of the most important industries in the world. Like food, clothing, shelter and transportation, graphic communication are also considered as a basic necessity of human life. The industry has the largest number of establishment in any manufacturing industries though most of its firms are small-and medium-sized. Its companies are located throughout the world especially in and around areas of high population and industrial development.,衣食住行,24,In terms of the value of all products and services sold, the number of persons employed and the annual payroll paid by the industry, it has achieved tremendous expansion in the past decades. As worlds economy grows, it is expected to have still greater development in the years to come.,总产值,年工资额,25,message 信息 publisher 出版商 compositor 排字工,重点单词回顾,26,paper 纸张 ink 油墨 film 胶片 binding 装订材料,27,book 书 magazine 杂志 newspaper 报纸 catalog 目录册 map 地图 chart 图表 poster 广告 brochure 小册子 stamp 邮票 paper money 纸币,greeting card 贺卡 label 标签 business form 商业表格,28,textile 纺织品 wallpaper 墙纸 toothpaste tube 牙膏皮 soft drink can 饮料罐 candy wrapper 糖纸 orange 橘子 baseball 棒球 calculator 电子计算机 television set 电视机 circuit 电路板,29,satellite communication of documents 文件的卫星传输 computer generated images 计算机生成图像 monitor display of words 文件在显示器上显示,30,symbol 标志 drawing 图画 photograph 照片 type 文字 artwork 画稿,31,the organization, tools, materials and processes of the graphic communications industry 印刷工业的组织、工具、材料和（工艺）过程,32,publisher 出版商 compositor 排版工 typesetter 排版工 artist 画家 author 作者 editor 编辑 photographer 摄影师 printer 印刷工 binder 装订工 bindery 装订厂,33,make plate 制版 folded 折页 sewn 装订 trimmed 裁切 encased in a cover 包上封面,34,Transferring an image from one material to another is called printing. This process plays an essential role in visual communications.,视觉信息传播,35,Printed matter is produced by eight basic processes. Relief or letterpress printing. Gravure or intaglio printing. Planographic or lithographic printing. Screen-process printing. Photographic printing. Heat transfer printing. Xerographic printing. Ink Jet printing.,凸版印刷,凹版印刷,平版印刷,丝网印刷,照相印刷,热转移印刷,静电复印,喷墨印刷,36,Relief of letterpress printing,When ink is applied to a raised surface and paper is pressed against the inked surface, the ink is transferred to the paper ,Figure1-2. Relief and letterpress are terms that describe printing methods that use this principle. The rubber stamp is a device that prints by the relief or letterpress method. It transfers ink from a raised surface to paper. Typewriter elements, also print in this way.,橡皮印章,打字机,凸版印刷,37,Foundry type, Monotype, Linotype, and Ludlow are used by the letterpress printer to transfer letters and numbers to paper, Figure 1-3.The plates of wood cut, wood engraving, linoleum block, and photoengraving can also be used in letterpress printing. Their raised surfaced can print photographs and illustrations as well as letters and numbers.,(单个）铸造活字,莫诺单字铸字机,莱诺整行铸字机,拉得鲁铸字机,木活字,木刻版,亚麻油毡版,照相蚀刻版,38,Relief or letterpress printing is the oldest method. Today a wide variety of letterpress plates are used on several types of presses to print a rich and varied assortment of products including newspapers, books, and magazines.,分类,39,Image reversal,As you can see, the principle of printing from a raised surface is not difficult to understand. There is one problem to consider, however. Look at Figure1-2 again. Note that the shape of the raised surface that printed the letter P on the paper is “wrong reading” or backwards. The raised surface was purposely prepared this way so that it would print a “right reading” image on the paper.,40,油墨滚筒,润版辊,41,Screen process printing,Another printing method is to print by forcing ink through openings or holes in a stencil, Figure 1-8.One common type of stencil printing is screen-process printing. This method is also called stencil printing, screen printing and silk printing.,丝网印刷,孔版,42,Printing screens. A stencil with open areas representing the desired image must be adhere to a screen. A screen is a piece of woven material, such as silk, nylon, dacron or stainless steel mesh, stretched tightly over a wooden or metal frame. The frame serves as the printing press in screen process printing. A simple printing frame is shown in Figure1-9.,不锈钢,网丝,印刷丝网,印刷机,43,The printing process. Screen-process printing is easy to understand. After paper is placed under the printing screen, ink with a paint-like consistency is applied to the top of the screen. Finally, the ink is spread and forced through stencil openings onto the paper below the screen. This is done by pulling a rubber squeegee over the screen. The screen process of printing is illustrated in Figure 1-10.,橡皮刮板,44,printing press cylinder rubber blanket rubber squeegee,45,补充,承印物 printing stock： 能接受油墨或吸附色料并呈现图文的各种物质。 印版 printing plate： 用于传递油墨至承印物上的印刷图文载体。通常划分为凸版、凹版、平版和孔版四类。 制版 plate making： 依照原稿复制成印版的工艺过程。,46,印版滚筒 plate cylinder： 印刷机上圆柱形的印版或其支承体。 橡皮布滚筒 blanket cylinder： 间接印刷中将印版图文的油墨转移到承印物上的转印滚筒，其表面包裹橡皮布。 压印滚筒 impression cylinder： 印刷机上圆柱形的压印体。 橡皮布 blanket： 胶印机上转印滚筒的包覆物；包衬的组成部分。,47,Principles Of Design,Proportion page proportion element proportion,版面比例,单元比例,illustration 插图 approximate 大约 rectangle 长方形 rectangular 长方形的 square 正方形 letterhead 印有抬头的信笺、公文 times 、multiply 乘以,48,Balance optical and true centers,视觉中心和实际中心,stability 稳定性 equilibrium 平衡 out of balance 失去平衡 vertical 垂直线,49,Contrast Rhythm Unity,对比,节奏,统一,monotony 单调 harmonious 和谐的 typeface 字体,50,Job Planning,Printed product 印品 Job 活件 Perforate 切口 Layout 拼版 Line drawing 线条稿 Format 格式 Style 格调 Schedule 期限,51,Preparing The Layout,Layout symbols Type matter 文字稿 Solids, reverses and tints 实地、反白及淡色 Photographs and line drawings 照片及线条画稿 Colored effects 彩色效果,52,Parallel lines 平行线 Wavy lines 波浪线 Rough in 草稿 Weight 线条的粗细 Tint 淡色 Outline 轮廓 Charcoal pencil 碳素铅笔 Pastel chalks 彩色粉笔 Felt-tip pens 毡头笔,53,Layout tools and Supplies,Ink-color chart 色谱 Paper sample 纸张样品,54,Multi-page Layouts,Dummy layout 多页码空白拼版 Booklet 小册子 Pamphlet 小册子,55,Drypoint engravings 针刻凹版 Metal etchings 金属蚀刻版 Gravure cylinders 凹版滚筒,两种基本类型,56,Drypoint engravings,scriber 针刀 engrave,scratch,57,carbon paper 碳素复写纸 transparent plastic 透明塑料 Shallow shadow 阴影 crosshatch,darken,58,Dampening system 润湿装置 Fountain solution 润版液 Inking system 给墨系统 Lithographic ink 胶印油墨 Feed and registering system 给纸和定位 Printing system 印刷系统 Delivery system 收纸系统,59,Dampening system,Fountain 水斗 Fountain roller 水斗辊 Ductor roller 传水辊 Oscillating roller 串水辊 Form rollers 着水辊,60,Inking system,Ink fountain 墨斗 Fountain roller 墨斗辊 Ink ductor roller 传墨辊 Diatribution rollers 匀墨辊 Vibrating roller 串墨辊 Ink form rollers 匀墨辊,61,润湿装置 dampening system： 平版印刷机组成部分，用于输送和调节润湿液的机构。 水斗辊 water fountain roller： 从水斗输出润湿液的辊。 串水辊 dampening vibrator： 轴向串动的传水辊。 着水辊 form dampening roller： 平版印刷机中将润湿液涂布到印版上的辊。,62,输墨装置 inking unit： 胶印机的组成部分，在每一印刷过程之前调节和传递油墨并将油墨均匀地涂布到印版着墨 inking up 通过墨辊将油墨涂布在印版图文部分 着墨辊 form inking roller： 印刷机中将油墨涂布到印版上的辊。 墨斗辊 ink fountain roller： 从墨斗中输出油墨的辊。 匀墨辊 ink distributing roller： 传递和碾匀油墨的辊。 串墨辊 ink vibrator： 轴向串动的匀墨辊。,63,64,匀墨辊,65,串墨辊,66,Feeding and registering system,friction mechanism 摩擦式输纸装置 air-and-vacuum mechanism 气动式输纸装置 air blast 吹气嘴 suction foot (sucker) 吸纸嘴 pullout rolls 输纸轮 multiple sheet detector 双张检测器 front stop 前规,67,register table 定位台 gripper 叨纸牙 chute delivery 滑槽收纸工艺 chain delivery 链条式收纸工艺,68,前规 front lay： 使纸张在叼口边缘准确定位的挡纸部件。 侧规 side mark： 使纸张侧边缘准确定位的部件。 递纸 sheet transfer： 将已定位的纸张等承印物，通过递纸牙传递给压印滚筒进行印刷。 递纸牙 transfer gripper： 从前规接过纸张等承印物，在与压印滚筒同步时传递给滚筒的叼牙部件。 叼口 feed edge： 单张纸印刷时，在印版和纸张等承印物前端留出的白边。,69,套印不准 register difference： 在套色印刷过程中，印迹重叠的误差。 叼纸牙 gripper： 在印刷过程中，传递和交接纸张等承印物的部件。,70,双张检测器,71,72,73,74,75,76,Sheet-fed Printing Presses,摆动叨纸牙装置,传纸滚筒（也作纸张翻转滚筒）,77,In example 1.6-4a the pile of sheets is put in the sheet feeder and lifted with a pile hoist until the top sheet is seized by the separator elements and passed on to the fee