论文引用及参考文献写作方法.ppt

引用与参考文献,Citation can be done through direct quotation or by paraphrasing or summarizing,Citing Sources,verbs for citations Reporting something the author did observe, discover, notice, demonstrate, find, report, describe, determine, discern, show, assess, study, analyze, calculate, examine, investigate, identify, prove, establish, conclude, develop, conduct, make,Reporting something the author stated WEAKER STRONGER comment affirm describe emphasize discuss stress indicate maintain note stipulate remark explain, conclude write clarify, identify,Reporting the authors opinion WEAKER STRONGER accept argue believe assert view, see claim question contend query deny think, recommend suggest reject propose advocate suspect maintain speculate conclude consider,You should consult a dictionary A good one is the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary, which is also available online at Many of the verbs in the table are used with the conjunction that e.g. Mahoney (1998, pp.1012) established that this reaction is in fact When Smith and Sampson (1989, p.98) contended that this position was untenable, they were,Some of the verbs cannot be used with that: describe, assess, study, analyze, examine, investigate, discuss, clarify, question, query and reject e.g. Martin and Baker (1980) examined the issue from a different perspective. view is used with the conjunction as, placed after the subject of the sentence e.g. Hu