英语语法并列结构.doc

并列结构的定义两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能相同、由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做“并列结构” (Coordinate Construction), 或者“平行结构”(Parallel Construction)。 1. 并列结构的各种形式）词与词的并列 you and me buy and sell）词组与词组的并列 a teacher and a student walking down the street or running through an alley）分句与分句的并列 you can go or you can stay with us. The children can go with us or they can stay at home.Compound Sentence 并列句/复合句2. 并列结构的连接手段）并列连词）标点符号）并列结构的插入语在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。）并列结构的对称组合成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。并列结构一、表示平行、递进关系的连词1.AandB:A和BAnd连接两个并列成分。and也常位于句首，使上下文联系更紧密。Thefabricislightandstrong.Ilikereadingandfishinginmysparetime.Thismodelofthecomputerispowerful,andthepriceiscompetitive.Itwasaseverewinter.Andwehadnotenoughfoodforourselves.2.bothAandB:A和B都这一结构是and的强化形式，连接的两个成分必须在结构上等同。不能连接句子。Thenewtaxpolicybenefitsbothworkersandfarmers.BothesheandIareinterestedinEnglishliterature.3.notonlybut(also)不仅而且notonlybutaswell不仅而且也aswellas和 andaswell和*notonlybut(also)结构侧重在后者，而aswellas侧重在前者。NotonlyGeorgebutalsohiswifedidalotforus.Itissaidthathecanflyaplaneaswellasdriveacar.Shecanplaypopmusicandclassicalmusicaswell.二、表示选择关系的连词1.neitherAnorB:A和B都不这一结构表示否定意义，若连接两个句子可以采用倒装形式。Einsteincaredforneithermoneynorfame.Youcanneithertakeitoutnorphotocopyit.*在否定结构中通常用or连接两个并列成分。Youcannevertakeitoutorphotocopyit.2.or或者，大约，否则，不然eitheror或者.或者，不是就是(eitheror结构是or的强化形式)Doyoustayathomealoneorgototheatrewithme?Youllhavetowaitoneortwodaysbeforeyouknowtheresult.Hurryup,orwellbelate.Haveonemoretry,oryouwontbesuccessful.Eitherhedidntspeakclearlyoryoudidnthearwell.三、表示转折和对比意义的并列连词：but（但是），yet（然而），while（而，却）等Afterabusyday,Ifelttiredbuthappy.Difficultieswillariseinthecourseofreforming.Butwewillcertainlyovercomethem.Hewasnotfeelingwell,yethekeptonuntilitwasdone.Chinaisrichinnaturalresources,whileJapanispoor.四、表示因果关系的并列连词so（因此，所以），for（因为）Manydirectorswereabsent,sothemeetinghadtobepostponed.Hemusthavedonesomethingwrong,fortheheadteachercalledhimtotheoffice.*so不能与because同时出现在同一句中。For从句主要是对前面的句子作出解释或进行推断，因此for引导的句子不能用于句首。并列结构的标点符号由两个以上项目构成的并列结构通常只在最后一个项目之前用并列连词，其他项目之间用逗号连接。There are five types of discharge from military service: honorable, general, undesirable, bad conduct, and dishonorable.两个以上项目全用连词连接起来的并列结构，在修辞色彩上给人以悠闲缓慢、延续持久的感觉。Raising vegetables presents endless opportunities for weeding and thinning and hoeing and watering.有时也可全用逗号，在修辞色彩上给人以紧张、急促、明快、利落的感觉。除了逗号，分号和冒号也能起并列连词的作用。分号连接两个并列分句，通常表示对比关系。Golf demands the best of time and space; tennis, the best of personal energy.用冒号连接两个并列分句，通常表示下文是对上文的解释和发挥。Hijackers and kidnappers offer two equally impossible alternatives: a refusal to meet their terms may mean death for their victims; meeting their terms may mean more victims in the future.在某些连接性副词如accordingly, furthermore, hence, however, nevertheless, therefore 等之前通常要用分号，而不用逗号。He had worked in the foreign service for two years without leave; hence he was tired almost beyond endurance.From a running start Pedro launched his body into a vigorous racing drive; however, he was about thirty feet from the pool at the time.常用的并列连词主要的并列连词：and, or, but关联并列连词：bothand, eitheror, notbut, notnor, neithernor, not onlybut also近似并列连词：as well as, as much as, rather than, more than本专题的主要内容什么是并列结构 并列结构分类讲解及真题连接一.什么是并列结构并列结构是延长英文句子的重要方法，即通过并列连词所连接的并列成分在结构和功能上保持一致We have no land ethic yet, but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic(adj.固有的, 内在的, 本质的) right, regardless of the p