高考-非谓语动词及高频单词.docx

Study hard and make yourself excellent and make our country stronger.把一切当做过程，最后让自己变得更成熟。Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams play 31 game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition, 32 team will get the most points and all the 33 eleven teams will get 34 points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face. 35 that team and that school must do is admit that it 36 (lose). The only intelligent reaction 37 defeat must be: next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now on our team will devote 38 to a stricter course of training under competent instructors. Lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more 40 (value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic and musical contests, in “house” activities, and, especially, in the student council.【答案与解析】31.a。因为game为单数可数名词。32.one。指其中的一个队。33.other。指12个队中的另个11个队。34.fewer。因points为可数名词的复数。35.What。What在此用作动词do的宾语。36.lost。因it与lost之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。37.to。此处为不定式作定语。38.itself。devote oneself to为固定短语，意为“专心”。39.learned。因lessons与learn之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。40.valuable。此处为形容词比较级。非谓语动词的语态及用法一、不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态由“to be+过去分词”构成，其用法与不定式的主动形式相似，只是表示被动意义。如：To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good thing. 被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。(作主语)He asked to be kept informed about developments. 他要求随时向他报告发展情况。(作宾语)The points to be discussed can be brought under three main headings. 所论各点可以归为三个主要方面。(作定语)He knocked at the window to be let in. 他敲敲窗户要进来。(作状语)The case was too heavy to be carried by a child. 箱子太重了，孩子搬不动。(作状语)The medicine is to be taken three times a day, preferably before meals. 这药一天吃三次，最好饭前吃。(作表语)He said that he wished it to be published in its present form. 他说他希望以其现有的形式出版。(作宾语补足语)【几点说明】1. 有时不定式用完成被动式。如：No harm seems to have been done. 似乎没有造成损失。2. be going to后接被动结构。如：The meeting is going to be put off. 会议将要延期。3. ought to后接被动结构。如：Such activities ought to be prohibited. 这种活动应当禁止。4. has to, have to, had to后接被动结构。如：He broke his leg during the match and had to be carried off. 他在比赛中撞断了腿而被抬走。5. be about (due) to后接被动结构。如：The work is about to be finished. 这工作即将完成。二、现在分词的被动语态现在分词的被动语态由“being+过去分词”构成，其用法与现在分词的主动形式相似，只是表示被动意义。如：I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察带走。(作宾补)The building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。(作定语)Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 这篇文章仓卒写就，故错误百出。(作状语)【说明】有时现在分词用完成被动式。如：Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。三、动名词的被动语态动名词的被动语态由“being+过去分词”构成，其用法与动名词的主动形式相似，只是表示被动意义。如：Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路可能是一种很可怕的经历。(作主语)He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子，以免我们认出他。(作宾语)【说明】有时动名词用完成被动式。如：The safe showed no signs of having been touched. 保险箱没有被人动过的痕迹。四、过去分词没有被动式过去分词没有被动形式，因为它本身就可以表示被动意义。如：Cars parked illegally will be removed. 非法停的车要被拉走。(作定语)Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier. 她的工作就是照料这个伤员。(作定语)Never touch an electric wire when it is broken. 绝不要动断了的电线。(作表语)In came the first runner, closely followed by the second. 第一位赛跑者进来了，紧跟着第二位也进来了。(作状语) I couldnt make myself heard above the noise. 我的声音被喧闹声淹没了。(作宾语补足语)I dont speak good French, but I can make myself understood. 我说不好法语，但我能使别人听懂我的话。(作宾语补足语)【说明】与不定式、现在分词、动名词均有完成被动式不同，过去分词不仅没有被动式（因为过去分词本身可表示被动），而且也没有完成式（因为过去分词本身可表示完成）。would rather 的五个重要句型一、后接动词原形后接动词原形，表示“宁愿做某事”。如：Id rather be told the truth than be lied to. 我宁愿听真话，不愿被欺骗。Ive already seen that film, so Id rather see another one. 我已经看过那部电影了，所以还是看部别的吧。Ill go if youre going. If not, Id rather stay at home. 你去我就去，否则我宁可待在家里。Id rather do it without anybodys help. 我宁愿不要任何人帮助，自己干这件事。“How about a drink?” “Id rather have something to eat.”“喝一杯怎么样?”“我宁愿来点吃的。”注：would rather的否定式，通常要将not置于rather之后。如：Id rather not say anything. 我宁可什么也不说。二、后接完成式动词后接完成式动词，表示过去的想法，通常可译为“(本来)宁愿做某事”。如：We went by sea, but I d rather have gone by air. 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。“At that time, I would rather have been a factory worker than an animal keeper,” he said. “那时，我宁愿做一个工厂工人，也不愿做动物饲养员，”他说道。三、后接从句后接从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。具体说来，有以下两种情况：1. 指现在或将来用过去时。如：I would rather you didnt mention the price. 我愿意你别提价钱。Id rather you knew that now, than afterwards. 我宁愿你现在知道而不是以后。Dont come and see me todayId rather you came tomorrow. 今天不要来看我我希望你们明天来。Tomorrows difficult. Id rather yon came next weekend. 明天有困难。我希望你下周末来。“We might go for a swim” “No,ld rather we didnt.” “我们去游泳吧。”“不，我想我们最好不去。”“Shall I give you a cheque?” “I d rather you paid cash.” “我付给您支票行吗?”“我想您最好付现金。”Ann said that Bill wanted to go alone but that shed rather he went with a group. 安说比尔想一个人去，但她宁愿他跟一大群人一起去。2. 指过去用过去完成时。如：Id rather he hadnt told me about it 我宁愿他未告诉我这件事。Kate went by car and Id rather she hadnt. 凯特是坐汽车去的，我倒愿意她不是坐汽车去的。Id rather she had asked me before borrowing the car. 我真希望她先问我一声再借车。注：有时用于虚拟语气语境中。如：If Id lived in 1400, Id rather have been a knight than a monk. 如果我生活在1400年，我宁愿当骑士，不当修道士。If shed had a chance, shed rather have lived 100 years ago. 如果有机会她宁愿生活在100年前。四、用于would ratherthan结构此结构表示“宁愿(做)而不愿(做)”。如：Id rather go hungry than eat that! 我宁可挨饿也不吃那种东西!I d rather pay his fine for him than let him go to prison. 我宁愿替他交罚款，也不愿让他蹲监狱。He would rather have the small one than (have) the large one. 他宁愿要小的那个，而不愿要大的。Id rather use my money than leave it lying in the bank. 我宁可把钱花了也不想存在银行里。Id rather have a room of my own. however small (it is)，than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。五、用于口语表达Id rather not口语中说Id rather not，表示委婉的不同意，其意为“我宁愿不”。如： “Are you coming with us?” “Id rather not.” “你和我们一起来吗?“”我不想。”“Some more wine” “Thank you. Id rather not. I have to drive home.” “再来一点酒好吗？”“不要了，我不能再喝了。我还得开车回家呢。”The boys d rather go by air, wouldnt they? 男孩子更愿意坐飞机走，对吗?Youd rather not wake a sleeping dog, would you? () 你总不想没事找麻烦，对吧?seated的用法seated是一个比较特别的过去分词，说它特殊一是因为它的词性尚有不确定性它有时是过去分词，有时又具有形容词的性质，像是一个形容词；二是因为这样一个很少引人注意的过去分词，在近几年的高考英语考题中经常“露脸”，一下子变成了一个热点词汇。下面我们先来看几道高考题1. Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (山东卷)A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated2. Please remain _; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁卷)A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated3. Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建卷)A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat第1题答案选D。由于seat用作动词时总是及物的，所以它的后面必须要用宾语，或用被动语态或过去分词，据此可排除选项A和C。由于不定式to be seated表示将来意义，所以也不能选，故只能选D。第2题答案选B。remain seated意为“坐着不动”。又如：Please remain seated. 请不要站起来。Passengers are requested to remain seated till the aircraft stops.在飞机停稳前请乘客不要离开座位。第3题答案选C。seated在此用作后置定语，seated at the back可视为who are seated at the back的省略形式。对于seated的用法，首先要从动词seat说起。同学们可能只知道seat的名词用法，即只知道它表示“座位”。其实，seat还可用作动词，且是一个典型的及物动词，其意为“使坐”或“能容纳”。如：Seat the boy next to his brother. 让那个孩子坐在他哥哥旁边。We can seat 300 in the auditorium. 我们这个礼堂可容纳300人。由于seat只用作及物动词，所以其后总应有宾语，或用过去分词。如：他在窗户边坐下。误：He seated near the window.正：He seated himself near the window.说明：若将误句中的seated改为sat则是对的，因为动词sit为不及物动词。使她吃惊的是，她发现她丈夫坐在一个美丽姑娘的旁边。误：To her surprise, she found her husband seating next to a beautiful girl.正：To her surprise, she found her husband seated next to a beautiful girl.说明：若将误句中的seating改为sitting则也是正确的。下面请看几个含有seated的句子，注意体会其用法：Please stay remain seated. 请不要站起来。He seated himself at the writing table. 他在写字台前坐下。Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们、先生们，请就座。He lifted the child and seated her on the wall. 他把小孩举起来，让她坐在墙上。1. _ in his car, the pop singer waved to the crowd.A. Seating B. Seated C. To seat D. Being seated2. Please remain _ until all the lights are on.A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. being seated3. You are requested to remain _ during takeoff.A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. being seated4. “Im so glad to see you!” she said, _ herself between Eleanor and Marianne.A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. being seated5. The woman _ opposite him refused to stop staring at him.A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. being seated【参考答案】15 BBBAB1.She got there very late;_felt very sorry.A.andB.so C.sheD.therefore【分析】许多同学会忽略分号，从而误认为句子的答案选A、B或D；而事实上，正确答案应该选C，分号连接两个独立的句子，连接内容上由一定的联系的两句话。若选A或D，后面的分句缺少主语；若选B，后面句子成为了从句，不能与前面句子相连接，故答案只能选C。2.His brother is rude;_sister is polite.A.whileB.whoseC.hisD.though his【分析】许多同学会忽略分号，从而误认为句子的答案选B或D；而事实上，正确答案应该选C，分号连接两个独立的句子，连接内容上表示对比的两句话。若选D，后面句子成为了从句，不能与前面句子相连接；若选B，后面的句子成了定语从句，而与前面句子不能连接，故答案只能选C。3.What have you said_her so unhappy?A.makesB.to makeC.has madeD.made【分析】许多同学会忽略句子后面的问号及句子结构而误认为：此句为带主语从句的主从复合句从而误认为此句缺少谓语，于是将答案误选为C或D。其实，此题答案应选B，全句是一个特殊疑问句，后面的不定式表示一种不解的结果，是结果状语。句子的意思为：你说了些什么使她如此不高兴？4.Who do you think_ask to help him with his lessons?A.he willB.will heC.is he going toD.does he【分析】许多同学往往会一见问号就马上想到句子用疑问语序，将答案误选为B、C或D；然而，他们没有想到，在双重疑问句中，只有插入部分用疑问语序，而后面的从句仍然用陈述语序，故答案选A。5._from the operation, the patient had to stay in hospital for another two weeks.A.Having not fully recoveredB.Having not been fully recoveredC.Not having fully recoveredD.Not having been fully recovered【答案与解析】此题容易错选D，其实正确答案是C，此题考查分词作状语的用法。由于非谓语动词的否定形式总是将否定词置于非谓语动词之前，而不是之后或之中，故可可排除A和B；而recover是不及物动词，不能用过去分词表被动，故可排除D。即答案选C。6._ in China once a year, the National Day is one of the most popular festivals in China.A.Celebrating B.CelebratedC.Having celebrated D.Having been celebrated【答案与解析】此题容易错选D，其实正确答案是B，此题考查分词作状语的用法。由于celebrate和the National Day是动宾关系，故可排除A和C；又因为once a year这个时间状语，强调的是动作一般状态而不是完成，所以选B。无论多么困难,请将这些句子全都背诵!1. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。2. Nothing is too difficult in the world if you set your mind into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。3. Every coin has two sides. 每枚硬币都有两面；凡事皆有好坏。4. Dont troubles trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。5. No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。6. Night had fallen before we knew it. 不知不觉夜幕就降临了。7. Im looking forward to hearing from you soon. 希望早日收到你的来信。8. You are always throwing things about. Look, what a mess in your room! 你总是乱扔东西。瞧，你的房间乱成什么样了！9. Not until yesterday did I get to know that. 直到昨天我才知道那件事。10. It was not until yesterday that I got to know that. 直到昨天我才知道那件事。11. No sooner had he left home than it began to rain. 他一离开家天就开始下雨了。12. Hardly had he left home when it began to rain. 他一离家天就开始下雨了。13. It is obvious that China is getting more and more powerful. 显然，中国正变得越来越强大。14. It is reported that a terrible accident happened on Highway 22. 据报道，在22号公路上发生了严重的交通事故。15. It is said that another earthquake will hit this island. 据说，这个岛还会发生地震。16. It suddenly occurred to me that I could ask Mr. Li for help. 我突然想到可以请李老师帮忙。17. A bright idea suddenly came to my mind. 我突然想到一个办法。18. Its never too late to learn. 活到老学到老。19. The moment I left home, it began to rain. 我一离开就开始下雨了。20. As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. 众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。21. He preferred to stay home rather than see the film. 他宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影。22. We two share the same opinion. 我们两人有着相同的看法。 、23. Now many people still hold the belief that girls are not so valuable as boys. 许多人还认为女孩没有男孩珍贵。24. When the old man came to, he found himself lying in hospital. 老人醒过来的时候，发现自己躺在医院。25. The result of the competition will be made known to the public soon. 考试结果会很快就公布。26. Though he failed three times, he was determined to have a fourth try. 尽管他失败了三次，他还决心再试一次。27. As long as you work hard, you will succeed. 只要你努力，你一定会成功。28. You neednt ask; just make yourself at home. 你不必问，不要客气。29. When he was walking in the street when suddenly he saw two cars run into each other. 他在街上散步时，突然看到两辆车相撞了。30. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁就笑得最好。31. On one hand, Bungee is interesting. On the other hand, it is very dangerous. 一方面蹦极就有趣，另一方面，它也很危险。32. So devoted in his work that Mr. Smith didnt know it was already dark. Smith先生太投入自己的工作了，天黑了还不知道。33. You wont succeed unless you work hard. 除非你努力，否则是不会成功的。34. It is important that we students should learn English well. 学生学好英语是很重要的。35. As time went by, the boy c