电子科学与技术专业英语翻译.doc

One useful feat feature of a p-n junction is that current flows quite freely in the p to n direction when the p region has a positive external voltage bias relative to n (forward bias and forward current ) , whereas virtually no current flows when p is made negative relative to n (reverse bias and forward current ) . this asymmetry of the current flow makes the p-n junction diode very useful as a rectifier block. As an example of rectification characteristic, suppose a sinusoidal a-c generator is placed in series with a resistor and a diode amplifier, which passes current only in one direction. The resulting current through the resistor will reflect only half-cycle. The rectified sine wave has an average value and can be used to, for example , to charge a storage battery; on the other hand , the input sine wave has no average value indicator. Diode rectifiers are useful in many applications in electronic circuits , particularly in “wave-shaping” (making use of the nonlinear nature of the diode to change the shape of time-varying signals ). While rectification is an important application , it is only the beginning of a host of uses for the biased junction . biased p-n junctions can be used as voltage-variable capacitors ,photocell, light emitters , and many more devices , which are basic to modern electronics spinning. Tow or more junctions can be used to form transistors and controlled stitches. In this section we begin with a qualitative description of the current flow in a biased junction box. With the background of the previous section , the basic features of current flow are relatively simple to understand , and these qualitative concepts form the basic for the analytical description of forward and reverse in a junction .一个有用的壮举的特性是,电流流pn结相当自由地在p到n方向当p地区有一个积极的外部偏压相对于n(正向偏压和正向电流),而实际上没有电流当p是消极的相对于n(逆向偏压和正向电流)。这种不对称性的电流使pn结二极管很有用,因为一个整流器块。作为一个例子,精馏的特点,假设一个正弦得了发电机放置电阻器串联和一个二极管放大器,它只在一个方向传递电流。由此产生的电流通过电阻器将只反映著。纠正正弦波的平均价值和可以用来,例如,向一个蓄电池;另一方面,输入正弦波没有平均价值指标。二极管整流器是有用的在很多应用程序中电子电路,尤其是在“整形”(利用非线性性质的二极管改变形状的时变的信号)。虽然精馏是一个重要的应用程序,它仅仅是开始的一系列用途偏见结。偏置pn结则可以用作电压可变电容器、光电管,光线发射器,更多的设备,这是基本的现代电子旋转。牵引或更多的连接可以用来形成晶体管和控制针。在这一节中,我们开始用定性描述的电流在一个偏见接线盒。与前一节的背景、基本特征的电流流是相对简单的理解,而这些定性概念形成基本的解析描述的正向和反向在一个结。At a relatively early stage , these procedures benefited the BJT , because its crucial phenomena occur mainly inside the silicon crystal . further , even a limited grasp of oxide technology opened a whole new approach to BJT fabrication . But then came the MOSFET , which we shall describe in detail by detail . by contrast with the BJT , the decisive phenomenon in the MOSFET occurs at the oxide-silicon interface structure . consequently , the art and science of controlling interfacial properties required an order-of-magnitude improvement to make the MOSFET a truly practical device , a process that took approximately an additional ten years old. The central portion of the MOSFET is an MOS capacitor , a structure that received intensive study in its own right . when isolated , it is a one-dimensional sandwich consisting of the oxide whit silicon on one side , and with an adherent field-plate electrode on the opposite side that is capable of manipulation potential at the oxide-silicon interface .在较早阶段,这些程序中受益,因为它的重要的是现象主要发生在硅晶体。另外,即使是有限地掌握氧化物技术打开了一个全新的方法是制造。但接着迎来了MOSFET,我们将详细描述于细节。相反的是,