高校学生思想与思路分析.doc

/ / / 众所周知，应用文写作教学历来是语文教学中最难的部分，重要原因之一就是学生缺乏学习的兴趣。那么如何将学习需要变成学生的心理需要，将教学目标转变为学生的学习动机，是教师在教授应用文写作课程中急需解决的问题。笔者结合自身教学实践，探索了一套适合五年制高职护理专业语文课程应用文写作的教学策略和方法。As is known to all, the practical writing writing teaching has always been the hardest part in language teaching, students lack of learning interest is one of the important reasons. So how to learn will need to become the psychological needs of students, the teaching goal into the students learning motivation, teachers in teaching writing course is an urgent need to solve the problem. The authors own teaching practice, to explore a set of suitable for five-year higher vocational nursing professional language course of practical writing writing teaching strategies and methods. 一、学生基本情况分析A, students basic situation analysis 学生是学习的主体，学生的基本情况制约着学习的开展和深入，影响着教学目标的达成。在制定任何教学策略和方法之前，都必须对其所面对的学生进行深入客观的调查分析。Student is the main part of the learning, the students basic information restricts the development and deepening, affects the teaching goal to achieve. Before making any teaching strategies and methods must be faced by students in an objective analysis of the survey. 1.生理和心理特点。五年制高职护理专业的学生入学时大多16-18周岁，是真正的90后。这一阶段的他们，个性张扬，乐观开朗，性格直接，讲义气，对于人、事、物都有自己的看法，有较强的叛逆倾向，但对于班集体有着较强的荣誉感，对于喜欢做的事情比较容易投入。1. The physiological and psychological characteristics. The five-year higher vocational nursing students at most 16-18 one full year of life, is the real after 90. This stage of their individual character make public, optimistic and cheerful, character directly, handout spirit, for the people, things, things have their own opinion, has the strong rebellious tendencies, but the class has a strong sense of honor, for love is easy to input. 2.学习能力分析。五年制高职护理专业学生的入学成绩会比五年制高职其他专业学生的入学成绩高一点，但即便如此，他们与高中阶段的学生在学习能力上存在较大的差距，主要表现为：基础知识薄弱，学习自觉性较差，自制能力较弱，学习缺乏主动性，分析问题和解决问题的能力较弱。2. Learning ability analysis. Five-year higher vocational nursing students admission scores than other professional students of five-year higher vocational school score higher, but even so, they with high school students in learning there is a big gap, main show is: basic knowledge is weak, poor learning self-consciousness, self-control ability is weak, lack of initiative learning, problem analysis and problem solving ability is weak. 3.应用文写作基础调查。作者执教的是09级高职护理专业4班和5班的学生，通过事先的问卷调查，对他们的应用文写作基础有了一定的了解。表1选取了问卷调查中的部分问题及统计数据：3. Business writing basic survey. The author coaching is 09 level of higher vocational nursing students of class 4, and 5 class, through the questionnaire survey in advance, based on their writing have a certain understanding. Table 1 to select the part of the problem and the statistics of the questionnaire: 从以上的数据可以看出，学生对应用文写作的基础知识知之甚少，应用文写作能力急需提高。As can be seen from the above data, students know little about the basic knowledge of business writing, business writing ability need improving. 二、教学内容及安排Second, the teaching content and arrangement 江苏省五年制高职护理专业语文课程所选用的教材主要有以下三个版本，分别由江苏科学技术出版社、苏州大学出版社和江苏教育出版社出版。这三套教材中所涉及到的应用文共有五类，即海报启事类、便条契据类、家书情书类、专用书信类、申请书类。根据新课标的要求，结合学生实际生活学习需要，作者从中选取了20种应用文样式进行教学。The five-year higher vocational nursing professional language course in jiangsu province selects material basically has the following three versions, respectively by jiangsu science and technology publishing house, suzhou university press and jiangsu education publishing house. This three sets of textbooks in the practical writing relating to a total of five classes, namely the poster notice, note deed, letter of love letters, letters, application class. According to the requirements of new, to meet the needs of students actual life, the author selected from 20 kinds of practical writing teaching style. 除此以外，作为五年制高职护理专业的学生，还应结合职业岗位的需求，学习一些基础的护理应用文写作知识和技巧，所以作者还选取简单的护理应用文进行讲授。In addition, as the five-year higher vocational nursing students, should also with the demand of professional post, learn some basic nursing practical writing writing knowledge and skills, so the author also choose simple nursing teaching of practical writing. 新课标中指出五年制高职语文课程“应当在基本要求的指导下，根据专业特点、不同学生的学习需求和发展方向，有选择地、创造性地设计和实施课程”。我校五年制高职护理专业语文课程（以09高职护理为例）分为六个学期，时数为22课时，在实际教学中，如何利用有限的教学时间和教学场地，较好地完成新课标要求，是一个值得深入探讨的问题。作者根据新课标的基本理念，结合学生实际情况和学校教学安排，将应用文写作教学具体做如下安排：New standard pointed out in the five-year vocational Chinese course should be under the guidance of the basic requirements, according to different students learning needs and professional characteristics, development direction, selectively, creatively design and implement curriculum. Five-year higher vocational school nursing profession Chinese course for higher vocational nursing 09 (for example) is divided into six semesters, hours 22 classes, in the actual teaching, how to utilize the limited teaching time and teaching site, English curriculum requirements, the better is a question worthy of in-depth discussion. The author according to the basic idea of new, in combination with the practical situation of students and the school teaching arrangement, to do the practical writing writing teaching specific arrangement as follows: 三、教学策略与方法Three, teaching strategies and methods 知识的明确性、具体性、有效性都依赖于对教学方法的有效利用。教学方法对于教学学习技能和技巧，特别是学习实际应用知识的技能有着举足轻重的作用。洛克曾说过，任何东西都不能像良好的方法那样，给学生指明道路，帮助他们前进。所以在教学过程中，作者时刻以学生实际情况为基础，结合语文新课标和专业实践需要，针对五年制高职护理专业的学生，试图探索一套行之有效的教学策略和方法。The clarity of the knowledge, concreteness, effectiveness depends on the effective use of teaching methods. Teaching methods to teaching skills and techniques, especially learning knowledge of skills has a significant role in practical application. Locke said that anything cant like a good way, indicate the path to the students, help them to move forward. So in the process of teaching, the author moment based on the student actual situation, to meet the needs of Chinese curriculum and professional practice, in view of the five-year higher vocational nursing students, trying to explore a set of effective teaching strategies and methods. 1.以典范应用文为模板。应用文写作不同于其它文体写作，它具有自身独特的语言特点和格式要求，所以在教学过程中，教师一定要以典范应用文为模板，通过研读范文和比较阅读的方法来掌握各种应用文样式的语言特点和格式要求。如在讲授条据这类应用文时，就应着重强调每种条据的具体格式以及它们确切、直接、简明的语言特点。1. The model with practical writing for template. Practical writing writing different from other style, it has its own unique language features and format requirements, so in the teaching process, teachers must be a template model in practical writing, by comparing study Fan Wenhe reading way of language features to various kinds of practical writing style and format requirements. Such as teaching survives in this kind of practical writing, it should emphasize the specific format of each survives and they are precise, direct and concise language features. 2.以满足学生的实际需要为基础。兴趣是促进行为的动力，只有以满足学生的实际需要为基础，才能激发他们的学习兴趣。在实际教学中，作者始终以学生的实际需要为基础，根据新课标要求，确立教学内容和教学目标。如在第一学期作者安排的是一般书信的写作，要求每位学生给自己的亲人写一封信。之所以有这样的教学安排，主要是因为一年级的新生大多数是第一次离开亲人到外地学习生活，书信的写作能够寄托他们对亲人的思念，能够表达自己对新生活、新环境的看法。又如在第四学期学生去医院见习之前安排了说明书及病历的阅读和写作教学；在第五学期学生第一次实习之前安排调查报告写作教学，结合学生今后的求职活动开展求职信和简历的写作教学。这一系列的教学安排既满足了学生的实际需求，也符合由浅入深的教学规律，所以学生学习兴趣浓厚，都能够很好地配合教师完成教学任务。2. In order to meet the actual needs of students as the foundation. Interest is the power of promoting behavior, only in order to meet the actual needs of students as the foundation, to stimulate their interest in learning. In the actual teaching, the author has always been based on the actual needs of the students, according to new standard requirement, establish teaching contents and teaching target. Like the author arranged during the first term is the writing of the letter, asked each student to write a letter to their loved ones. Are such teaching arrangement, mainly because most first-year freshman is the first time to leave our family members to learn from life, thought of letter writing can entrust their dear ones, to express their ideas about the new life and new environment. And as in the fourth semester the student go to the hospital apprentice before arrange the instruction and records of teaching reading and writing; Worked as an intern in the fifth semester student for the first time to arrange survey report before writing teaching, combining students future job search activities cover letter and resume writing teaching. This series of teaching arrangement will not only satisfy the actual needs of the students, also accord with distinguished teaching regularity, so students learning interest, all is able to coordinate well with the teacher finish the teaching task. 3.紧紧围绕校园生活。应用文写作的契机是需要寻找和创设的，而最便利的方法就是将校园生活与应用文写作训练结合起来，一方面让学生真实地感受到应用文写作是贴近生活的，另一方面也让学生有实实在在的内容可写。例如在第三学期，作者安排的应用文写作活动是“宣传与海报制作”的相关知识和技能训练，这次教学活动是围绕着学校的“推普周”活动而进行的。首先，课前教师将班级分为五个大组，要求每组同学合作完成一份关于推广普通话方面的宣传稿，并初步进行“推普周”海报宣传的设计。其次，课堂上，教师在讲授完“宣传与海报制作”的相关基础知识之后，针对学生所提出的问题进行一一解答，然后让每组学生对本组的宣传稿和海报设计作出修改和完善，最后以小组作业的形式提交一份宣传稿。再次，课后由班长组织本班学生利用班会活动的时间，每组派一名代表上台向全班同学进行一次“推普周”的口头宣传，随后展示本组的海报。最后，每位学生以不记名投票的方式选出两组最佳宣传奖和两组最佳海报设计奖，并以班级的名义颁奖。这次教学设计课时为2课时，而学生学习和实践的时间远远多于2课时。3. Closely around campus life. Business writing is need to find and create opportunity, and the most convenient way is to combine campus life and business writing training, on the one hand, let the student feel truly practical writing writing is close to the life, on the other hand also gave the students a real content to write. In the third semester, for example, the author arranged the writing activity is propaganda and poster making the knowledge and skills training, the teaching activity is the TuiPu