初中英语定语从句专项练习.doc

定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。请看下列例句分析： This is Xiao Wang这是小王。 Xiao Wang gave us a talk yesterday小王昨天给我们做了个报告。 我们可以将这两个句子合并为： This is Xiao Wang who（that）gave us a talk yesterday（先行词） （定语从句） 定语从句中的who（that）是关系代词，在这个句子中作主语。因为先行词是人，须用who或that引导定语从句。在翻译时who不必译为“谁”，应译为“的”。引导定语从句的关系代词，一是放在先行词与定语从句之间引导定语从句；二是在定语从句中充当一定成分。 引导定语从句的关系代词有：who，whom，whose，that，which 引导定语从句的关系副词有：where，when，why 一、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。这三个代词指人，它们引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。 1who在从句中作主语。如： This is the doctor who came here yesterday这就是昨天来的医生。 2whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略。如： The man（whom）you saw last week has left the town上周你看见的那个人已离开城镇了。 注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。如： aThe man from whom I borrowed the book is Li LeiThe man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei我借书的那个男人是李雷。（前句whom不可省，后句中whom可省） bThe girl whom he is taking care of is ill（take care of是固定词组）他正在照看的女孩病了。 3whose在从句中作定语。如： I know the woman whose husband is a doctor我认识的那个妇女，她的丈夫是个医生。 二、that，which引导的定语从句。这两个代词指物，它们引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物。（注：that也可指人。） 1that在从句中可作主语、宾语。如： The man that（who）is standing by the door is her brother正站在门旁的那个男人是她的哥哥。 但作介词宾语时，介词不能放在that前面。如： Is this the film that you talked about last week？（about不能放在that之前）这就是你们上周谈论的电影吗？ 2which在从句中作主语、宾语。如： aThe room which you can see by the river is a reading-room我们在河边看到的房间是阅览室。 bThe house which he once lived in is a meeting-roomThe house in which he once lived is a meeting-room他曾经住过的房子是会议室。 三、关系副词where，when，why引导的定语从句在从句中作状语。 1where表示地点，它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。如： This is the place where he was born这就是他出生的地方。 2when表示时间，它引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。如： I met him in the year when I worked in Nanjing我在南京工作的那年遇见了他。 3why表示原因，它引导的定语从句修饰表原因的先行词。如： The reason why he didnt come yesterday is quite clear他昨天没来的原因很清楚了。 你对定语从句了如指掌了吗？请做下面的练习： 请用关系代词或关系副词填空： 1Who is the man is playing football on the playground？ 2She didnt find the book was on the deskKeys： 1that 2that（which）定语从句“三步曲”到目前为止，同学们已经学习了宾语从句、状语从句等。但在英语阅读、写作以及各类考试中，我们几乎离不开另一个重点语法项目，那就是定语从句。既然如此，那么初学定语从句应搞清哪些东西呢？咱们还是一道来看看定语从句“三步曲”:第一曲弄清定语从句的基本概念 在复合句（包括主句和从句）中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句必须放在被修饰的词之后。例如： This is the building that we built last year这就是我们去年建的楼房。 The man who is talking with a group of students is our class teacher正在和一群学生谈话的那个人是我们的班主任。 第二曲弄清定语从句的先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。例如： The man who lives next to us sells vegetables住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的。 You must do everything that I do你必须做我所做的一切。 其中man和everything均为先行词，分别受到其后的定语从句who lives next to us和 that I do的修饰。 第三曲弄清关系代词所起的作用 1连接作用：关系代词whowhom whichthat等可以连接主句与定语从句，不可随便用其它词来连接定语从句。试比较： 正The student who sits next to me is from Anhui坐在我旁边的那个学生来自安徽。 误The student he sits next to me is from Anhui 析he是人称代词，不是关系代词，因此不可连接主句与定语从句。 正The letter whichthat I received yesterday was from a friend of mine我昨天收到的那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。 误The letter what I received yesterday was from a friend of mine 析疑问代词what也不能连接主句和定语从句。 先行词关系代词指人的who/whom , that指物的which , that2替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代在它前面主句中的先行词；同时，先行词与关系代词在一般的情况下应保持一定的呼应关系。 试比较： 正The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman 误The man which is shaking hands with my father is a policeman 析主句中的先行词man指代的是人，因此，关系代词不能使用which。 正The girl did not answer these questions which were asked in English 误The girl did not answer these questions who were asked in English 析主句中的先行词questions指代的是物，因此，关系代词不能使用who。 3成分作用：定语从句的关系代词在从句中总是充当一定的句子成分（如：主语、宾语、定语等）。例如： The woman whothat spoke at the meeting is an engineer 在会议上发言的那个妇女是位工程师。（关系代词whothat在从句中作主语） I like the boy whowhomthat I met at the party last week 我喜欢上周在宴会上见到的那个男孩。（关系代词who whom that在从句中作宾语） 几点注意： 1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省去；但作主语时，则不可以省略。试比较： The film（whichthat）I saw yesterday was very good I dont like people whothat talk much but do little 2）关系代词作从句主语时，应注意从句的主谓一致。例如： 正David was talking to the team who were playing football with him 误David was talking to the team who was playing football with him 析主句中的team指的是“队友、队员”，因此，关系代词who指代复数，其后的谓语应用复数。 3）当心定语从句中代词的误用。例如： 正The computer（whichthat）I bought last week has not been used yet 误The computer（whichthat）I bought it last week has not been used yet 析关系代词在从句中作宾语时，无论省略与否，从句中不可再使用如itthemher之类的代词。 4）只能使用that引导定语从句的场合：当先行词为alleverythingnothinganything little muchnone等不定代词或先行词前有一个序数词、形容词最高级、onlyallanyno等词修饰时。例如： The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light 你首先要做的就是熄灭灯。 All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class 我们为学生所要做的一切就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。 另：当先行词是something时，关系代词可用that或which。 5）只能使用which引导定语从句的场合：当先行词为that或关系代词（指“物”）在介词之后或在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主句分开的定语从句）中时。例如： This is the house in which Tom once lived这是汤姆以前住过的房子。 Football ，which is a very interesting game， is played all over the world 世界各地都踢足球，这是一项非常有趣的活动。 巩固练习： 用whowhomthatwhich填空。 1Those are the things _ I lost in the street yesterday 2He is the person _ we often talk about 3They talked of things and persons _they remembered 4They call it Christmas， _comes from the name Christ 5They may go to their own library to look up any information _they need 单项选择。 6People _ study earthquakes think that there will be no big earthquake here awho bwhich cwhom d 7The pancake _my aunt cooks is delicious athat bwhich c da，b or c 8The young man _I had a talk with is a friend of mine aand band who cthat dwhich Key: 定语从句“三步曲”1thatwhich 2who whom that 3that 4which 5that 68 adcd一、关系代词的基本用法及说明1 that与who (whom)及which用法的区别A. who (whom)和which可用于限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，而that只能用于限定性定语从句。B. 当先行词是一个既包含人又包含物的词组时，要用that。如：They talked about an hour of things and persons (that) they remembered in the school.C. 下列几种情况中通常要用that，而不用which。当先行词是不定代词all, much, something, nothing等时；当先行词有形容词最高级（包括last和first）修饰时；当先行词有any, only等词修饰时。如：（1）Any boy that wants to play can do so.（2）She is the prettiest girl that Ive ever seen.2 which的特殊用法。which除可以指代先行词外，还可以用来指代一件事（即整个主句的意思），这时which引导的是一个非限定性定语从句，即使在从句中作宾语也不可省略。如：She is going to get married, which her mother told me.二、关系副词的用法关系副词在定语从句中都充当状语，when表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。关系副词可用“介词+关系副词”代替。如：Ill never forget the day when (on which) I joined the Army.有时是用关系代词还是关系副词不容易判断。请看下面的两个填空题。I like the place _ we visited last Sunday. (that/where)I like the place _ we stayed last Sunday. (that/where)在前一句中应填that(which)，也可省略。后一句中应填where，也可用at which。判断该用关系代词还是关系副词的依据是看它在定语从句中充当什么成分。请一句中的visit作“参观、访问”讲，是及物动词，要用关系代词代替先行词作它的宾语。后一句中的stay作“逗留、暂住”解，是不及物动词，从句中不可能有宾语，而所缺的是状语，所以要填where。三、“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句应注意的问题1“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，二者可以连在一起用，也可以分开（介词放在从句中原来的位置上）。如：（1）The hotel at which we are staying is very expensive.（2）The hotel (which/that) we are staying at is very expensive.上面两句可以互相转换。注意：A.引导非限定性定语从句时，介词和关系代词不能分开。B.介词不能和关系代词that合在一起用。C.从句中的动词与介词若是一个固定搭配，则介词不可与关系代词连在一起用（介词的位置不能挪动）。2“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，选择适当的介词往往比较困难。如：The library _ which we borrow books is very large. (A. at B. in C. fr