奥赛高中英语语法基础15.doc

英语奥赛辅导 第十五课时高中英语语法基础15复习框架： 地点状语从句 方式状语从句 原因状语从句状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 19.状语从句19.1 地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。例如：Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。19.2 方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as, （just） asso, as if, as though引导。1）as, （just） asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just） asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体。例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的。例如： They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。） 说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。19.3 原因状语从句 比较because, since, as和for： 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。例如： I didnt go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕。 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如： He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席，因为他病了。 He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。19.4 目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。 He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. 他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服，以防天发冷。19.5 结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由sothat 或 suchthat引导。sothat与suchthat之间可以转换。例如： The boy is so young that he cant go to school. 这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。 He is such a young boy that he cant go to school19.6 条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。 unless = if not. 例如： Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我们去散散步。 If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.典型例题You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. ifD. or 答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.19.7 让步状语从句 1）though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。例如：Although its raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）2） as, though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。例如：Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。3） ever if, even though即使。例如： Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。4） whetheror 不管都。例如： Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，这确实是真的。5）no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+后缀ever 。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么，他不在意。替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 （错）No matter what you say is of no use now. （对）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了。（Whatever you say是主语从句）（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。状语从句大演练1.It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before2.- Mom, what did your doctor say?- He advised me to live_the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where3.If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where4. _ told to stop, the excited children kept on talking in class. A. When B. Though C. As D. While5.He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work.A. when B. before C. since D. that 6. (97/25) It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A. that B. until C. before D. when7. Try _ I may, I dont think Ill succeed. A. as B. even if C. although D. as if8.- Why didnt you try your best to get on the bus?- I tried to, but _ I could，it started moving. A. until B. when C. before D. after9. - Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? - He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after9- Would you come tomorrow? - If Mary comes, _. A. and Id, too B. so I will C . so would I D. so will I10.- Dont look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. - Oh, yes. _ others are weak, he is strong. A. If B. When C. Though D. Where 11.In time of serious accidents，_we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. （ 06重庆 ）A. whetherB. until C. if D.unless12.The company has a free long-distance telephone number _ customers may call with any questions they have about its products. A. so that B. although C. as D. even if13._ rich one may be, there is always something one wants.A. Whatever B. Whenever C. However D. Wherever14 - Dont you believe me? - _, Ill believe _ you say.A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter what D. Yes; whatever15. I was talking to a teacher _an old friend of mine whom I hadnt met for ages came up to me. A . when B. while C. as D. and16.If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. （ 06天津 ）A. in which B. what C. when D. where17. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever18. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially_ father was