名词性从句的三要素.doc

什么是名词性从句的三要素1. 引导词也就是引导名词性从句的关联词。这些引导词可分为三类,一是that类，二是if / whether类，三是疑问词类。既然是引导词，所以这些词就总是位于名词性从句的最前面。2. 语序名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同，即“主语谓语”。事实上，任何一种从句，其语序都必须与陈述句的语序相同。3. 时态若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态；若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。主语从句用法详解一、主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。1. that引导That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村 子里引起很大轰动。2. whether引导Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。3. 连接代词引导Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。4. 连接副词引导When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。5. 关系代词型what引导What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。Whats done is done. 事已成定局。What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。that与what引导名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。如：1. 用that的例子That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。The police learned that he wasnt there at that time. 警察获知他那时不在场。He realized that she too was exhausted. 他意识到她也精疲力尽。2. 用what的例子What (=The thing that) he said