硕士英语Unit16词汇、完型和翻译.doc

硕士英语第一单元Vocabulary1.There is no doubt that higher energy costs will have a(n) negative effect on the economA. detrimental B. adverse C. conservative D. drastic2.This new round of layoff occurring in major industrial cities will only reduce profits and trigger an economic crisis.A. precipitate B. rectify C. offend D. alternate3.Everyone agrees that the young woman who speaks with an Irish accent is unattractive and is no match for Paul.A. dumpy B. homely C. slovenly D. mutable4. In this picture is a young couple with a relaxed smile on their faces having fun on the beach at end of a sunny day.A. selective B. leisure C. carefree D. orderly5.The survey shows that publishers in Britain are more reluctant to change than their continental counterparts in many aspects.A. flighty B. negative C. favorable D. conservative6.All his life he has been struggling to escape the lower class of society to become a member of the upper class.A. echelon B. odds C. prospect D. parlor7.For many people it has now become a(n) extravagance to sleep and wake up at reasonable hours.A. fortune B. Insurance C. luxury D. standard8.I agree with John Stuart Mill, who said that happiness is something that comes to you when pursuing some other worthy end.A. cater to B. go along with C. adapt to D. get right down to9.I totally dislike the use of offensive terms in reference to women, who are no less capable than men in any way.A. criticize B. trim C. eliminate D. resent10.In spite of my repeated apologies, she never forgave me for my interference with her private affairs.A. potential for B. expertise of C. intrusion into D. injection intoClozeOne issue today is the number of Asians looking to remake themselves to look more Caucasian. Its a charge many deny, although few would argue that 1) under the relentless bombardment of Hollywood, satellite TV, and Madison Avenue, 2) Asias aesthetic ideal has changed drastically. “Beauty, after all, is evolutionary,” 3) says Harvard psychology professor Nancy Etcoff. Asians are increasingly asking their 4) surgeons for wider eyes, longer noses and fuller breasts features not 5) typical of the race.To accommodate such demands, surgeons in the 6)region have had to invent unique techniques. The No. 1 procedure 7) by far in Asia is a form of blepharoplasty （眼睑整容术）, in which 8) a crease is created above the eye by scalpel（解剖刀）or by 9) needle and thread; in the U.S., blepharoplasty also ranks near the 10) top , but involves removing bags and fat around the eyes. Likewise, 11) Westerners use botox（肉毒菌毒素） to diminish wrinkles while in Korea, Japan and 12) other Asian regions, botox is injected into wide cheeks so 13) that the muscle will atrophy（萎缩）and the cheeks will shrink. Just 14) as Asian faces require unique procedures, their bodies demand innovative operations 15) to achieve the leggy, skinny, busty Western ideal that has become 16) increasingly universal.Dr. Suh, a plastic surgeon in Seoul, has struggled to 17) find the best way to fix the radish-shaped calves. Liposuction（吸脂）, so effective 18 on the legs of plump Westerners, doesnt work on Asians since 19) muscle , not fat, accounts for the bulk. Earlier attempts to carve 20) to muscle were painful and made walking difficult. “Finally, I discovered that by severing a nerve behind the knee, the muscle would atrophy,” says Suh, “thereby reducing its size up to 40%.” Suh has performed over 600 of the operations since 1996.硕士英语第二章ClozeThe Internet has been a major source of leisure since before the World Wide Web. One main area of leisure on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This form of leisure creates 1)_ communities_, bringing people of all ages and 2) origins to enjoy the fast-paced world of multiplayer games. This has revolutionized the way many people 3) interact and spend their free time on the Internet.While online gaming has been 4) around since the 1970s, todays style of online gaming began with services such as GameSpy and MPlayer, 5) which gamers would typically subscribe （订购）to. Non-subscribers were 6)_ limited to certain types of gameplay or certain games. With the release of Diablo （暗黑破坏神）by Blizzard Entertainment, gamers were treated to a built-in online game service that was free of 7)_ charge over Battle. net. Recently with the 8)_release of World of Warcraft （WOW, 魔兽世界） many users spend hours in a day trying to level 9)_up_ their characters.Many use the Internet to access and 10)_ download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and relaxation. As discussed above, there are 11)_paid_ and unpaid sources for all of these, using centralized servers（服务器） and distributed（分布式的）, peer-to-peer （点对点的）technologies. Discretion（谨慎）is needed as some of these sources take 12) more care over the original artists rights and over copyright laws than others.Many use the World Wide Web to 13) access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and book holidays and to find out more about their random ideas and 14) casual interests. People use chat, 15) messaging and email to make and stay in touch with friends 16) worldwide _, sometimes in the same way as some pen pals had previously. Social networking web sites like Friends Reunited and many others also put and keep people in 17) contact for their enjoyment. Cyberslacking（因上网而工作懈怠）has become a serious 18) drain on corporate resources; the 19)_ average UK employee spends 57 minutes a day 20) surfing he web at work, according to a study by Peninsula Business Services.Translation1) Since the early days of the Internet users have been keeping online diaries recording their opinions and adding hyperlinks to websites they visit. 自从早期英特网以来，网络使用者就一直在写在线日记，记下他们自己的想法，并将所访问网站的超链接加在自己的网页上。2) The term blog was coined three years later by Peter Merholz who broke the word weblog into we blog and the new word blog started to function as both a verb and a noun. “博客”这个术语三年后由彼得梅霍尔兹创造，他将“网络日记”(weblog)拆成“我们博客”(we blog)，新词“博客”就开始被用作动词和名词了。3) Millions of bloggers find in them a perfect outlet for self-expression by adding regularly new entries posts, voicing their opinions and recommending other blogs or websites. These online journals differ from traditional journals. 数百万博客使用者在博客日志上发现，通过定期增加新条目是自我表达的完美途径即加贴子来表达自己的看法，并推荐其他博客或者网站。4) Conventional journals usually come in chronological order, whereas blogs are presented in reverse chronological order, with the most recent entry on top.传统的日记通常是按时间顺序排列的，而博客则是逆时间顺序的，最近的条目出现在最顶端。5) Special software takes care of most administrative tasks allowing the author to focus mostly on the content of their blog. 专门软件负责处理大部分的管理任务，这样就使作者能把精力主要集中在博客的内容上。硕士英语第三章Vocabulary1.Certainly those working with the mentally ill or the handicapped or the old or in health education will support the legislation.A. terminal B. prolonged C. senile D. advanced2.The decision to use the bomb remains the most disputed question of the Second World War.A. immoral B. controversial C. distraught D. unethical3.The law exists in every civilized society so that Governments, the rich and the powerful can not wrongly use their position.A. eradicate B. threaten C. legalize D. abuse4. There is a need for a number of immediate short-term pacifiers, as well as for a radical and bold long-term solution.A. therapies B. Nuisances C. Palliatives D. diagnosis5.A chameleon is a type of reptile that can wear the color of its surroundings so that it can not be seen easily.A. deal with B. seek out C. take on D. escape from6.The expansion of human civilization into space is workable because of the availability of vast asteroidal and planetary resources.A. available B. feasible C. supportive D. voluntary7.Civil servants should be as helpful as possible, and keep back information only in the interests of national security.A. release B. reserve C. safeguard D. withhold8.There do seem to be some reasons for their complaints about the way they were treated.A. grounds for B. beliefs about C. options for D. fears about9.The man claims he was held in the apartment unwillingly for almost 10 hours.A. against possible abuse B. in the face of deathC. against his will D. in the fashion intended10.The furniture designers are creative, but try to keep within the ranges of a given style or period.A. parameters B. motives C. requests D. standardsClozeIn cases of terminal illness, death eventually offers the dying person relief from all his suffering. Consequently, things can be even worse when there is 1)_no_ terminal illness, for then there is no end in sight. 2) _Both_ pain and suffering are often much worse when they are 3)_not_ accompanied by a terminal illness. People with progressive dementia (痴呆), for 4) _example_, often suffer much more if they are otherwise quite healthy.I 5) personally know several old people who would be delighted to 6)learn that they have a terminal illness. They feel they have 7)lived long enough - long enough to have outlived all their loved 8)ones and all sense of a purpose for living. For them, 9)_even_ daily existence is much worse because there is no end 10)in sight.Discussions of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide cannot, then, be 11)_ restricted_ to those with unrelieved pain and terminal illness. We must 12)_also_ consider requests made by those who have no untreatable pain 13)_and_ no terminal illness. Often, their case for relief is even 14)_more_ compelling.Sometimes, a refusal of medical treatment will be enough to 15)_bring_ relief. Competent adults who are suffering from an illness have a well-16)_ established_ moral and legal right to decline any form of medical 17)_ treatment _ , including life-prolonging medical treatment. Family members who must make medical 18)_ decisions_ for incompetent people also have the right to refuse any 19)_form_ of medical treatment on their behalf, so long as they are 20)_acting_ in accordance with the known wishes or best interests of their loved one. No form of medical treatment is compulsory (强制的) when someone would be better off dead.硕士英语第四章ClozeThe style of our lives is often based on the type of work we do. Some jobs allow for flexible schedules, 1)which mean we can take advantage of convenient times 2)to meet personal or family needs; on the other 3)hand, flexible schedules can be a disadvantage if we decide to take our work home 4) with us.Other jobs are inflexible, even requiring us to punch time clocks. 5)such work means we cannot easily take time 6)off to tend to personal or family needs, leaving only evenings and weekends. Yet, in those cases work can be left behind at the job site. The time that we have 7)for ourselves and family, then, is determined by the type of job we have.The work we do not only determines the quality of our lives 8)by shaping our time, our leisure, our buying power, our ability to travel; it 9)even shapes our identities. When we meet someone for the 10)first time, we generally ask, “What do you do?” The meaning 11)behind the question is understood: “What do you do for a living?” And when the answer is waitress, police officer, doctor, writer, sales clerk, or 12)whatever, we generally categorize that person to fit our stereotype of that particular jobholder.As our economy changes, 13)so do our jobs. Many of us find we must move from community to community to keep 14)up with jobs that require our skills or to find new ones when laid off. Many of us attend college in preparation for a particular line of work only to discover that there are no positions 15)available, or to realize that what weve prepared for is not 16)what we really want to do. Many of us who have been in the same job for years suddenly find we must go back to 17)school to retrain in order to meet the advancement made in our field.Changes in the traditional family roles are also changing our work habits. Some men are discovering they would 18)rather stay home and raise their children 19)while their wives go off to work. Many women are realizing they prefer a career to the traditional mother or housewife 20)role. Such changes are redefining the term homemaker.TranslationA population thats aging and technology that has yet to be conceived will shape the job scene in the 2000s. 正在老龄化的人口和尚待发明的技术将决定21世纪头10年的职场景况。Not only can you expect an abundance of jobs related to health care, but there will also be plenty of positions associated with retirement communities, leisure activities and other services that cater to an older population.你不仅可以预料到会有大量与保健相关的工作，而且还将有许多与退休人群、休闲活动及其他为老龄人口服务的相关岗位。3) Recruiters are now looking at candidates from a diverse range of majors, including those with liberal arts degrees, provided they are computer literate and have good communications skills.招聘人员现在正在关注来自不同专业领域的求职者，包括那些持有文科学位的人，只要他们会使用计算机并拥有娴熟的沟通技巧。“The nice thing about technology is that social-sciences majors, who are at the low end of the pay spectrum, have seen their salaries rise faster than engineers, who have hit the ceiling on bachelors degree salaries,” says Phil Gardner of the Collegiate Employment Research Institute at Michigan State University. 密歇根州立大学毕业生就业研究院的菲尔加德纳说，“关于技术的好处是，那些工资处于低端的社科专业学生，已经看到他们工资提高得比工程师们还要快， 而工程师在学士学位中的工资已达到了最高限度。”5) Well need to replace the large group of soon-toretire teachers hired to educate the baby-boomers, says Gardner. And well need to add extra teachers as a result of federal and state initiatives to lower class sizes. 加德纳说，我们需要有人取代一大批即将退休的教师，当时聘用他们是为了教育婴儿潮那一代人。硕士英语第五章Vocabulary1.Judge Middlebrooks has refused to release an emergency order, saying he feels Mr. Dalacks suit has little chance to succeed.A. offer B. issue C. pass D. declare2.The organization provides a safe and secure sanctuary to abused and injured domestic, exotic, and wild animals.A. haven B. sector C. community D. prospect3.In the middle of the ocean, on his way home after unloading all his cargo, a(n) experienced ship captain encountered a violent storm.A. committed B. advanced C. seasoned D. unsound4. Derived from the diversified characters of different times, an in-depth similarity is found which plays like a thread throughout human history.A. paradox B. transition C . analogy D. magnitude5.Relying on the good social resources and government resources of its partner, the advertising agency will certainly have a wide development expectation.A. dimension B. prospect C. inspection D. capacity6.As a regular visitor to animated cartoon exhibitions I am becoming increasingly bemused by the frankly bizarre dress sense of the youths that gather around the city centre.A. associate B. Engage C. stabilize D. congregate7.The American baby boom after the war made unbelievable U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births.A.unconvincing B. unprecedented C. uncomfortable D. unsustainable8.The countrys vast stretches of bush land and woodlands are home to an astonishing array of bush birds that live in a network of wetlands and coastlines.A. resume B. scatter C. stay D. inhabit9.The disease has been brought under control in these areas and no human infections have been found so far.A. cholera B. epidemic C. tragedy D. erosion10.Although the international community has made various efforts to fight terrorism, the security situation in Iraq continued to worsen, causing serious casualties.A. deteriorate B. pollute C. spur D. undermineClozeinbeposechangeto placethepartrapidlyatare internationalworkscientistitcanfuelterrorismorlinewordrealizationGlobal climate change is perhaps the costliest impact. The UK Prime Minister has called global warming 1) part of a cycle of degradation (退化，恶化), poverty and bitterness that makes 2) the _ world a less secure place. Worldwide, there is a growing 3) place that climate change, caused primarily by the burning of fossil 4) fuels, is a more serious threat to the 5)_international_ community than terrorism.Global economic losses due to natural disasters, which are in 6)_line_ with events anticipated to result from global warming, appear to 7)_be_ doubling with each decade, and annual losses from such events 8)_are_ expected to approach $150 billion over the next 10 years.9)_ scientist _ have concluded that global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions must be reduced 10)_at_ least 70 percent over the next century to avoid catastrophic (灾难性的) 11)_change_ .Such reductions are not possible without significant and rapid improvements 12)_in_ energy efficiency and a shift to renewable (可再生的) energy. Renewable energy 13)_can_ generate electricity, can heat and cool space, can do mechanical 14)_work_ such as water pumping, and can produce fuels in other 15)_words_ , everything that conventional energy does. Renewable resources are generally domestic, 16)_pose_ no fuel or transport hazards, and are far less vulnerable 17)_to_ terrorist attack than conventional energy sources. They can be installed 18)_rapidly_ and in dispersed applications getting power quickly to areas where 19)_it_ is urgently needed, delaying investment in expensive new electric plants 20)_or_ power lines, and reducing investment risk. All renewables except b