初中英语基础知识——介词.ppt

,Good afternoon!,介词,一.介词总述,二.介词的分类,三.相似介词的辨析,介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。,介 词,介词的作用： 如果没有介词，一个句子只是名词、动词、形容词、副词等的堆积。 例如： That picture hangs on the wall of my bedroom in the upstairs of my house. 去掉介词后 That picture hangs the wall my bedroom the upstairs my house.,介词总述,表示时间的介词 表示地点方位的介词 表示方法、手段的介词 表示原因的介词 常用介词搭配,介词的分类,表示时间的介词,in 2012 （年） in December（月） in winter（季节） in the morning/ afternoon/ evening（上午，下午，晚上） in two minutes (时间段) on December 4th（具体某一天） on Saturday（星期六） on Christmas Eve （节日） on the morning of Monday (具体的某一天的早上) at 7 oclock（具体的钟点） at the beginning of （一段时间的起点） 固定搭配：at noon at night,TEST,1. Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9. A. on B. in C. at 2. The twins were born _ a Friday evening. A. in B. on C. at 3. We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived _5 oclock _ the morning. A. on, in B. at, in C. at, on 4. We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a rest _ noon. A. in , in B. at ,at C. in, at,表示时间的介词,after : 表示“时间之后” before: 表示“时间之前” in+时间段: 表示“时间之内”,They will marry after the Spring Festival. They will marry before the Spring Festival. They will marry in the Spring Festival.,表示时间的介词,1. Mr. Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back _ two weeks. A. for B. after C. in 2. Our manager came back _ an hour. A. in B. after C. at 3. They have been here _ an hour. A. for B. after C. in for+一段时间，表示动作延续了一段时间,TEST,表示时间的介词,表示时间的介词,By by + 时间点，表示“到以前为止”,You have to finish your homework by 11 oclock .,表示时间的介词,until 用于肯定句中表示“直到为止”，动作一直延续。 用于否定句中表示“直到才”，动作刚刚开始。,I watched TV until my mother came home. 我一直看电视直到我妈妈回来为止。 I did not watch TV until my mother came home. 我直到妈妈回来我才开始看电视。,表示地点方位的介词,in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内） to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外） on：与某一地区接壤的地方,Fujian is in the southeast of China.,Taiwan is to the southwest of Japan.,Russia is on the north of China.,1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in 2.Mongolia(蒙古) is _the north of China. A. in B. on C. to,TEST,表示地点方位的介词,表示地点方位的介词,on 是指两事物表面上的接触，强调要接触；,over 是指两事物不仅要接触，而且有覆盖的意思；但如果不接触，则表示在正上方；,above 是指仅仅是上下方的关系，既可以不接触，也可以不是正上方。有时也可以表示抽象的上方；,Put away the books on the desk. Mom put a rug over me when I was asleep. There is a bridge over the river. The sun rose above the horizon.,below: 表示“在的下方” under： 表示“在的正下方”,1. The temperature will fall_ zero at night. A. below B. above C. over 2.Suddenly there is a loud voice _ the tree. A. below B. above C. on 3.There is a clock on the wall. Its_ the blackboard. A. on B. in C. above 4.A road is _our city and there is much traffic _it. A. on, over B. above, on C. over, on,表示地点方位的介词,TEST,表示地点方位的介词,in + 大地方 at + 小地方,in a country in a town in the street in a desert at home at school at the bus-stop at the crossroads,表示地点方位的介词,in front of: 在之前 （范围之外） in the front of: 在的前部（范围之内）,Tracy stands in front of the classroom. Tracy stands in the front of the classroom.,表示方法、手段的介词,in 用材料、语言 with 用工具、某物 by 用方式、方法、手段,By+交通方式：by car/ bus/ plane/ air / sea/ train 交通工具前有冠词、物主代词等修饰,介词用“on/in” in my car on my bike on the bus on a ship,表示方法、手段的介词,1.My mother often go to work _ bike. A. in B. on C. by 2.If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me _ phone. A. through B. by C. on 3.The teacher is writing on the paper _ red ink and the blackboard _ _ a piece of chalk. A. with, with B. in ,with C. with ,in 4.Can you say it _ English? A. in B. with C. by 5.You can get some information _ the computer. A. in B. on C. by,TEST,常用介词搭配,Its very nice of you to help me. Its very good for you to do exercise. the answer (key) to the question (lock) be famous for 因为而出名 be famous as 成为而出名 be made of 能够看得出原材料 be made from 不能看出原材料 on time 准时 in time 及时,小学英语日常交际用语 一、日常问候和答语 1. Hello/ Hi你好。 2. Good morning/ afternoon/evening. 早上/下午/晚上好。 3. How are you (this morning/afternoon/evening)? 你今天早晨/下午/晚上好吗？ 4. Fine, thank you/ thanks. 我很好，谢谢。 5. Not bad, thank you. 不错，谢谢。 6. How do you do? 你好。 7. Nice to meet /see you. 很高兴认识/见到你。,二、告别、祝福和答语 1. Goodbye/Bye . 再见 2. See you! (See you later!)再见，回头见。 3. Good night. 晚安。 4. Happy birthday! 生日快乐！ Thank you!谢谢！ 5. Happy New Year! 新年快乐！ The same to you!(大家共同的节日) 6. Happy Childrens Day! Happy Womens Day! 7.Merry Christmas! 圣诞快乐！,三、介绍和谈论人物 1. My name is/ Im 我的名字是/ 我名叫 2. This is Miss/ Mr./ Mrs. 这位是小姐/先生/女士。 3. This is my friend. 这是我的朋友。 4. He/ She is 他是/她是,四、询问 人： 1)姓名 1. Whats your name, please? 你的名字是什么? My name is 2. Whats his/her/its name? 她/他/它叫什么名字？ Her/His/Its name is 2）年龄 1.How old are you? 你多大了？ Im 2. How old is he/she/it? 她/他/它多大？ She /He/ It is 3) 生日 1When is your /his/her birthday? Its July 1st. 4) 出处 1. Where is/ are .from? 你/她/他来自哪里？ She is from American. 她来自美国。 2. Where do/does come from? 你/她/他来自哪里？ She is from American. 她来自美国。,5) 人物 1. Who is he ? 她/他是谁？ He is my brother. 他是我弟弟。 She is my sister.她是我姐姐。 6）职业 1. What is he? He is a doctor. 他是医生。 2. What does he do? He is a doctor. 3. Whats his job? He is a doctor. 7）外貌 1. What does he look like? 他是一个什么样的人？ He is short and thin. 他很矮很瘦。,8) 喜好 1. What does he like? 他喜欢什么？ He likes English.他喜欢英语 what do you like?你喜欢什么？ I like Chinese.我喜欢中文。 2. Do you like English? Yes, I do. Does he/she like English? Ye ,he/she does/ No, he/she doesnt. 9) 事情 1. Whats the matter with you? 你怎么啦？ I have a cold.我感冒了。,物： 1）颜色 1.What color is /are ? Its / They are blue. 2. Is your pen blue? Yes, it is./ No, it isnt. 2）位置 1. Where is /are ? Its / They are on the desk. 2. Is /Are in/ on.? Yes, it is ./ No, it isnt. 3) 名称 1. Whats this? 这是什么？ Its a computer.这是电脑。 2. What are these/those? 这些是什么？ They are books. 4) 数量 1. How many boys are there in your class? Fifteen. 5) 价格 1. How much is this dress? Its 5 yuan. 5元,其他 1）天气 1. Whats the weather like in Beijing? Its sunny. 2. How is the weather? Its sunny. 3. Is it sunny? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 2) 时间 1. What time is it now ? Its 5 oclock. 3)季节 1.Which season is it? Its summer. 2. Which season do you like best? Summer. 3. Whats your favorite season? Summer. 4) 日期 1.Whats the date? Its May 5th.,五、道歉和答语 1. Im sorry. 对不起。 2. Sorry, I dont know. 对不起，我不知道。 3. Excuse me. 对不起，打扰