定语从句在复合句中作定语.doc

定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。中考对定语从句的考查主要是引导定语从句的关系代词、关系 副词的用法以及定语从句中谓语动词的形式。其中that/who/which用法的联系的区别是考查的重点。考查的方式多种多样，涉及中考的各个题型，以 单项选择、完形填空和句型转换为主。一、由关系代词that/which,who引导的定语从句关系代词that,which可以指物，that和who可以指人，其用法有如下区别：1、只可用that引导的定语从句（1）当先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。如：We should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切对人民有用的事。（2）先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。如：You can take any seat that in free.你可以坐任何一个空位。（3）先行词被the only,the very,the right等修饰。如：He is the very man that Im looking for.他正是我正在找的那个人。（1）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best novel that I have read.这是我所看过的最好的小说。（2）当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:This is your second time that you told us the story.这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。（3）当先行词同时含有人和物时。如：We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论我们所感兴趣的人和事。2、只用which引导的定语从句：（1）当关系代词前使用介词时，只能用which,不能用that.如：This is the train by which we went to Beijing.这就是我们乘坐去北京的那班列车。（2）在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主句隔开，若去掉从句，整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句）中。如：Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球，一项非常有趣的运动，全世界的人都在踢。3、表示 人时，当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时要用who,而不用that.如：Is there anyone who can answer this question?有人会回答这个问题吗？二、由关系代词引导的定语从句定词从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句总是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词或关系副 词在定语从句中一定要作从句中的一个成分。关系代词起名词或代词的作用，关系副词起副词或介词短语的作用。关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。1、先行词指人时，定语从句由who,whom,that引导，在从句中who,that可以作主语或宾语，whom只作宾语。如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的那个人吗?The man whom my father is talking to is Mr.Wang.那个正和我爸爸谈话的人是王先生。2、先行词指物时，定语从句由which,that引导，在从句可以作主语或宾语。如：The movie that/which I saw yesterday is very interesting.昨天我看的那部电影很有趣。The doll that/which can sing cost 120 yuan.那个会唱歌的洋娃娃值120元。3、whose在定语从句中，只用作定语，有时它还可以同of which互换。如：please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。二、由关系副词引导的定语从句1、关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when用在表示时间的名词后，where用在表示地点的名词后，why用在表示原因的名词后。when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。如：I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.我依然记得我第一次遇到他的那一天。Beijing is the place where/in which I was born.这就是他今早迟到的理由吗？2、当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因，但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时，不可用when,where或why,而应用that或which.如：Hangzhou is a city _ where _ there is a beautiful lake. (作状语)Hangzhou is a city _ that/which _ has a beautiful lake. (作主语)Ill never forget the day_when_I first came to Beijing. (作状语)Ill never forget the day_that/which_we spent together. (作及物动词spend的宾语)真题导航：1、（2008吉林）This is the question_we are talking about now.A.that B.who C.where D.when2、（2008湖南长沙）What are you looking for?I am looking for the book_I bought yesterday.A.who B.which C.whost3、（2008甘肃兰州）We all like the teachers_class is interesting and creative.A.which B.whose C.who D.that 4、（2008甘肃定西）This is the girl_mother is an English teacher of our school.A.that B.who C.whom D.whose5、The man_lives next to us is our friend.A.which B.whom C.who6、（2008河南）Shaolin Temple_lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A.where B.which C.who D.what7、Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the house_he was born.A.that B.there C.which D.where 8、用关系代词或关系副词填空：（1）Please give a hand to those_need it.（2）Thats the reason_he couldnt come to that important meeting.（3）The black shirt_is on the shelf is very special（4）She doesnt remember the day_her son joined the army.（5）An English-English dictionary is a book_gives the English meaning of the words.（6）This is the small town_I was born.（7）The old man_son died in the accident is very poor.（8）The kid _his parents are waiting for will never come back.（9）A lot of great changes have taken place in the city in _we live.（10）The first thing_I want to buy with the money is a new bike.为你支招：1、A 考查定语从句。先行词the question指物，关系词在从句中作talk about的宾语，所以用that.2、B 考查定语从句。先行词the book指物，关系词在从句中作bought的宾语，所以选which.3、B 先行词the teacher指人，关系词在从句中作定语修饰class,应该用whose.4、D 先行词the girl指人，关系词在从句中作定语修饰名词mother，所以应选D5、C 先行词the man指人，排除A项，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who.6、B