高中英语语法--冠词.doc

UNIT2冠词一、分类：不定冠词a/an，定冠词 the，零冠词（不用冠词）a / an的用法1. 表示“某种类别当中的一个”，“该类中的一例”A cat is an animal.猫是一种动物。Hes a Frenchman.他是个法国人。2. 第一次提到某物I looked up and saw a plane. 我抬头看见了一架飞机.3. 用在称呼前，含有“我不认识的感觉”A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you. 一位史密斯先生正等着要见您。 4. 可以表示量度单位，每40 km an/per hour 每小时40公里twice a/per day 每天两次5. 与可数名词连用位于what, such之后，表示感叹，或强调程度What a surprise! 真是让人吃惊。My boss is such a fool! 我的老板这么蠢。6. 用在形容词最高级前，相当于very。This is a most useful dictionary.这是一本非常有用的字典。 go to see you.一位史密斯先生正等着要见您。7. 用在序数词前面表示“再一次，又一次”。Ten years after the death of her husband, she got married for a second time.在她丈夫去世十年后，她再次结婚了。8. 用在many, quite, rather, such, twice, what 等词后面，构成短语。Its quite a problem. 这是一个相当难的问题。Ive never seen such an exciting football match before. 我以前从来没见过这么精彩的比赛。9. 注意区分a/ an：一般来说，an用在元音前，a用在非元音前。但注意下面的特殊例子。a Europe (European, one-way street, union, university, useful tool, usual way)an honest man an 80-metre-high-towerthe的用法 1. 基本用法：有明确的所指；可以与任何名词连用Shut the door. 关门。Where will the meeting be held? 在哪儿开会？2. The + adj.表示一类人或事物the British英国人, the rich富人, the young年轻人, 3. 表示一天的各段时间in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 4. 表示独一无二的自然现象，方位，左右the earth地球, the sun太阳, the east东, the west西, the right右, the left左5.用在乐器之前，中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)My sister is learning the flute/ piano.我妹妹在学笛子/ 钢琴。6. 用在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪中几十年代in the 1870s 十九世纪七十年代 , 7.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示这一家人。the Smiths史密斯一家人 8. 用在某些习惯表达法中的介词短语中，指有关者的身体或衣着的一部分lead sb. by the hand拉着某人的手, hit sb. in the face打在某人的脸上, grasp sb. by the sleeve抓住某人的袖子9. 用在形容词最高级和序数词前面。The first time I saw him was in 1990.我第一次见他是在1990年。Could you tell me the shortest way to the station?你能告诉我去火车站最近的路吗？ 10. 和表示数量的名词连用，表示“以为单位”Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打来卖。He is paid by the hour / the day/ week/ month.他按小时/天/周/月来付酬。11. 与名词连用时，要注意与不定冠词的区别。a / the most interesting非常有趣的 / 最有趣的a / the number of 许多/ 的数量for a/ the moment 片刻，一会儿/ 暂时，目前give sb. a / the push 推某人一下/ 解雇某人 零冠词-以下情况不用冠词1. 表示泛指或一般概念Snow is white. 雪是白的。比较：The snow in the yard is very thick.院子里的雪很厚。2. 一日三餐、四季前不用冠词，三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外： We have breakfast at eight 我们8点钟吃早饭。 He gave us a good breakfast 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。Have you had breakfast/ lunch/ dinner?你吃早饭/午饭/晚饭了吗？比较：The breakfast was well cooked. 这顿早饭做得好。3. 球类，棋类之前不用冠词Lets go and play football.我们去踢足球吧。How about having a game of chess, John? 约翰，咱们下盘棋好吗？4. 称呼语及表示家庭成员（常大写）的名词之前不用冠词Tom asked, “Wheres Father/ Mother/ Aunt?”汤姆问，“爸爸/妈妈/姑姑在哪儿？”5. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词 January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节 National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 注:民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival6. 在表语，宾语补足语，同位语中，表示独一无二的职位或头衔前不用冠词Whos captain of your team? 谁是你们队长？He was elected monitor of our class.他被选为班长George Bush, president of the United States 美国总统布什7. 在表示学科的名词之前不用冠词English, Chinese, mathematics 8. 在独立结构中不用冠词The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.猎人手拿着枪，走进了森林。Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of China.他虽然是个孩子，却对中国历史了解很多。9. 在某些习惯用语中不用冠词go to school (college, hospital, class, church, bed)by bike, (bus, train, car, boat, ship, plane, air)at sunrise, (sunset, noon, night, midnight)10. 泛指人类不加冠词 Man is mortal. 人必有一死。11. 在kind of名词 sort of名词句式中不用冠词What kind of flower is it? 这是什么花？ I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。练习：1. Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Henry is interested in listening to _ music. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, / D. the, the 2. Alexander Grander Bell invented _ telephone in 1876. A. / B. a C. the D. one 3. -Wheres Jack?- I think hes still in _ bed, but he might just be in _ bathroom. A. /, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the 4. She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the, theB. the, / C. a, / D. a, the5. Wouldnt it be _ wonderful world if all nations lived in _ peace with one another? A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the6. _coffee that we drank just now was given to us by _ Jacksons.A. /, / B. The, / C. /, the D. The, the 7. I remember he lives in _ south, so we shouldnt be walking _ south.A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D. the, the8. They spent _ getting the problem settled.A. so a long timeB. quite a long time C. quite long a time D. such long a time9. _Peoples Republic of China has opened its door to _ rest of _ world.A. The, /, the B. /, the, the C. The, the, the D. /, /, the 10. Your shoes and mine are _.A. of size B. in a size C. same big D. of a size 11. Many people agree that _knowledge of English is a must in _international trade. A. a; 不填; B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the (NMET1996)12. Have you seen_ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (NMET1997)A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a; D. the; a13. Paper money was in _use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century. (NMET1999)A. the; 不填; B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填14. Most animals have little connection with _animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food. (NMET2000)A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the15. Summers in_ south of France are for _most part dry and sunny. (2000春季) A. /; a B. the; / C. /，/ D. the; the 16. The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used. A. the; the B. the; 不填; C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填 (NMET2001)17. Mr Smith, theres a man at_ front door who says he has_ news for you of great importance. (2001春季)A. the; 不填 B. the; the C.不填；不填 D.不填；the 18. I dont like talking on telephone; I prefer writing letters.A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; 不填 (2002春季)19. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation. A. / B. the C. a D. one (2002上海)20. I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.(2003上海)A. a an B the a C. an a D. an the21. Where is my blue shirt? Its in the washing machine. You have to wear _ different one. （2003安徽）A. any B. the C. a D. other22. Theres _dictionary on_ desk by your side. (2003春季)A. a, the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the23. Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _experience.(NMET 2002)A. 不填; the B. 不填; an C. an; an D. the; the24. The sign reads “in case of _fire, break the glass and press _red button.” A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. a; a (NMET2003)25. Who did you spend last weekend with? _. (1998上海)A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers26. The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution. (2004重庆)A. 不填; 不填 B. the; 不填; C. the; the D. a; the 27. When you come here for your holiday next time, don t go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat. (NMET2004)A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填 28. John, there is _ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. (NMET2004)Im in _ bath.A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填29. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage.A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a (2004浙江)30. On_ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area.A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. 不填; 不填 D. 不填; the (2004北京春)31. When he left _college, he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office.A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. a; the D. the; the (2004天津)32. Its _ world of wonders, _ world where anything can happen.( 2004福建)A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. 不填; 不填33. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break_silence. A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 (2004湖南)34. When you finish the book youll have_ better understanding of _life.A. a; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. a; 不填 (2004辽宁)35. Tom owns _larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class.A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the (2004江苏)36. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of colour. (2004广东)A. a不填 B. athe C. 不填the D. thea37. If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. （NMET2005-3）A. the; the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. 不填；不填38. I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city. I only remember it was _Monday. A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a (2005湖南） 39. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport. (2005安徽)A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D.不填; the 40. It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life. (北京2005)A. 不填；不填 B. 不填；a C. the ；不填 D. the；a41. recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by year 2090. (2005北京春季)A. A; the B. A;不填 C. The;不填 D. The; a42. On May 5, 2005, at_ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and W