现在完成时讲解及练习.doc

如何使用现在完成时 一、现在完成时的用法，也就是定义（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：1already意为“已经”，常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。1）Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。2）Ive washed my clothes already我已经洗了衣服。2yet用在疑问句中，意为“已经”，在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。1）Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？ No，not yet不，还没有。2）The woman hasnt found her dog yet 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。3just意为“刚刚”，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来。4ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： 1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？ 2）I havent ever spoken to her我未曾和她说过话。5never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 I have never travelled by plane before我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。6before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。 1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？ 2）I havent eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。（二）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间或“since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far ，until now, up till now, up to the moment，到目前为止。by the end of截止到 等时间状语连用。for + 段时间since +1）点时间（过去时间） +2）一般过去时的句子1）Ive lived here since 1990自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here.2）I havent seen him for three years 我三年没有看见他了。 = I havent seen him since three years ago = I havent seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。注意：在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long 他入团两年了。误：He has joined the League for two years正：He has been a League member for two years2）我买这辆自行车三年了。误：I have bought this bike for three years正：I have had this bike for three years2） 部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：短暂性动词 延续性动词die be dead borrow keep buy/catch have get up be upcome be in finish be over leaver be away open be openclose be closed begin be on become interested in be interested in一般过去时和现在完成时区别答：一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。 现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。二、现在完成时的谓语构成及各种句型（一）肯定式： 主语助动词have has 过去分词其它说明：这里的have has是助动词。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have与主语缩写为s或ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例：1）Ive just read all the new words 我刚读了所有的生词。 (表示不要再读了)2）She has lost her books 她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)（二）否定式： 主语助动词have hasnot过去分词其它说明：只需在助动词have has后面加not就行。缩略式分别为havent ，hasnt。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例：1）I havent finished my homework yet我还没有完成我的作业。2）She hasnt travelled on a train 她没有坐火车旅行过。3）We have never spoken to a foreigner我们从来没有和外国人说过话。注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：4）I have never seen him before以前我从来没有见过他。（三）一般疑问式： 助动词Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ？说明：把have或has放到句首，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语havehas否定回答用“No，主语haventhasnt”有时也可以用“No，not yetNo ，neverNo，not even once”等。实例：1）Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？ Yes ，I have 是的，我做过。2）Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？ No，never不，从来没有。（四）特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词加一般疑问句巩固练习：I按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。1、He has already finished his homework（改为否定句） He _ finished his homework _2They have found the lost books already（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） _ they _ the lost books _？No，they_3Julia has not got home from school yet（改为肯定句） Julia _ _ _ home from school 4You have never been to Shanghai before，_ _ ？（改为反意疑问句）5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?（改为反意疑问句）6Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999（改为同义句） Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since 19997. He hasnt left home for 3 days.(同义句) He _ _ _ home for 3 days.8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)II选择正确答案。( )1Who is Mary ？ _？I saw you talking with her at the meeting ADont you meet her yet BDidnt you met her yet CHavent you met her yet DHadnt you met her yet( )2How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black？ Oh ，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited( )3The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week Adont feel Bhasnt felt Chavent felt D.didnt feel( ) 4We have lived here _ five years ago Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter11.11 用于现在完成时的句型1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 三、现在完成时的标志词1.句中出现 just，never，ever， already， yet等词时句子一般使用现在完成时。例如：2.for 一段时间或since点时间或引导时间状语从句（一般多为过去时）。3.so far(到目前为止)，in the past/last表示一段时间的词语。四、过去分词 包括规则变化和不规则变化现在完成时巩固练习（一）I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I_never_（speak）to a foreigner2. _Tom_（return）the library book？ Yes，he has When_he_（return）it？ Half an hour agoII. 按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。1. He has found nothing in the room（改为一般疑问句） _he found_in the room？2. I have already finished the work（改为否定句） I_finished the work_.3. She has got a notebook（对划线部分提问） _ _she got？4. Theyve never learned Japanese,_ _（改为反意疑问句） 中考英语现在完成时专项练习题及答案一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die)（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ 三、 汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last +一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（