名词性从句讲解和练习.doc

名 词 性 从 句名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词有： a. 连接词：that, whether, if（这三个词都不作从句的成分，只起连接的作用，同时，that无含义，而whether和if都表“是否”）b. 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which （起连接作用，有意义，做成分，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等）c. 连接副词：when, where, why, how（起连接作用，有意义，做成分，在从句中担当状语）（一）主语从句 在复合句中充当主语的从句。1.that引导主语从句 that引导主语从句时既无词义也不作成分，只起连接作用，且通常不可以省。为了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时，that不可省。 that the driver could not control his car was obvious. that she was chosen made us very happy.通常，that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语，把从句置于句尾，此时that有时可省。例如： it was obvious that the driver could not control his car. it made us very happy that she was chosen.如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。例如：is it certain that he will come?is it true that he would take the risk?it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：(1)it + be + 形容词+ that-从句it is likely that he will come.it is important that he（should) attend the meeting.it is best that he (should) go.此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常用（should）do。常见的有A)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that it is strange that no one should have objected to the plan.(2)it + be +名词+ that-从句 it is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. its a pity that he should have massed the train.(3) it + be + -ed分词 + that从句 it is said that he is a famous writer. it is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词常用（should）do。it is suggested that the meeting(should）be held this afternoon.it is demanded that he (should) leave at once.(4) it + seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句。（look不接that从句，它接to be结构或形容词）it seems that he is wrong.it appears that they are in urgent need of help.he looks (to be) surprised/happy/sad.2. whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。(置于句首时必须用whether引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。)whether he will win the game is not clear.it is not clear whether/if he will come.3.连词代词what, who, which, whose等引导的主语从句。 这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。what we need is more time.whose book it is not important.which school you want to go matters much.4.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句。 这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。why he did this is not known.when he will come is still unknown.it is not known why he did this.注意 wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在（到）哪里”等。whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right.whatever he gave you should be handed in.6. 主语从句中的“主谓一致”：1）.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.That they will come is certain.2）. What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.What he wants are these books.What he wants is some water.Exercises1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海) A. What is required B .What requires C It is required D. It requires2.The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京) A. This is B. There is C .That is D. It is3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海) A .where B .what C .that D. how （二）表语从句 在复合句中充当表语。1. that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。the fact is that he is lying.2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。our belief is that things will improve.the trouble is that we are short of money.2. whether引导表语从句（不可用if)his first question was whether holmes had arrived yet.the question is whether people will buy it.3.连接代词引导的表语从句。this is what I want.tmy question is which of them is better.4.连接副词引导的表语从句。the problem seemed how we could make him understand it.the question is where we should go.5. as if, as though引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）he looks as if he were angry.it looks as if its going to rain.1(典型例题) _ made the school proud was _more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What, because B. What, that C. That, what D. That, because2.(典型例题)His ability has never been in doubtthe question is_he is prepared to work hard. A. whether B. if C. that D. where3.(典型例题)The mountain is no longer _ it used to be.A. which B. that C. as D. what(三)宾语从句 在复合句中充当宾语。可作动词，介词，形容词(sure, happy, glad, certain)的宾语 She did not know what had happened.Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one anotherI am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 1. that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。that不引导介词的宾语从句, 至于except that, in that(因为), save that(除外), but that(要不是)等是复合从属连词。I know（that）you have met him.lets suppose that one day this happens to you.在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如：I told him（that）he was wrong.在少数动词如：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, fancy等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上,这叫否定前置/否定转移。(hope“希望”, guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那样的”，是Ihope so.的否定式。I dont hope so.是对hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。)如：I dont think it will be very cold today.I dont believe he has finished his work.2.许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句尾。 we think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. we thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance.3. whether, if引导宾语从句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。 he asked if she would come.注意下列情况下，只能用whether：1)引导主语从句置于句首时。2)whether后跟or not时。I dont know whether or not he will come.3) whether从句作介词宾语时。they are talking about whether he will win the game.everything depends on whether you agree with us.4)whether后接不定式时。i dont know whether to attend the meeting.5)动词discuss, decide后的宾语从句。We discussed whether we should close the shop.6) 宾语从句前置时。Whether this is true,I cant say.7) 引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句时。用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you4.连接代词what，who，whose等引导的宾语从句。tell me what you want.do you know who will come at the meeting?注意 who,whom按照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom,但在口语中常用who,如： do you know whom（who）he will invite?whose, which, what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”，做定语；which意为“哪一个 ”，what意为“什么”。如：whose book it is not important.please tell me which school you want to go.he didnt know what time it was.一般说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围；而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。如：which food，说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种“food”；what food则指许多“food ”，而且说话人心中没有数。i dont know which / what food you want.如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，最好用“what food”5.连接副词when，where，why，how引导的宾语从句。i dont know when the meeting will be held.please tell me where i can find tom.6.可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引导宾语从句。please write down whatever he is saying.i dont know whoever will come.ill do whatever you ask me to.7.表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, dont mind, resent（怨恨）, appreciate（感激）等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如：count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like,等后，即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。I like it when she smiles at me. I love it when you sing.I hate it if i am spoken to loudly in public.除了but, besides, except, in, save, beyond六个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句外，其他介词都不能。in that是“因为”的意思，其余五个与that搭配都是“除了”。1 (典型例题)Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A. why B. what C. who D. that2 (典型例题 ) A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. when(四) 同位语从句 在复合句中充当同位语。1. that引导同位语从句。在下列名词后可用that引导同位语从句answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, suggestion, thought, truth等。 i had no idea that you were here. the story goes that William killed his wife.注意 同位语从句引导词that无含义，不充当成分，不可省略。同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词为同一内容,故可以用is把前边的中心词和从句连接成一个句子。同位语从句前一般没有逗号。that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别：that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，不充当任何成分；that引导定语从句时，在从句中要作成分，如主语、宾语等。 he told me the news that our team won.（that引导同位语从句） the news that / which he told me was very exciting.（that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语）2.在no idea, question, problem等后可用wh-疑问词引导同位语从句，if不引导同位语从句。i have no idea where he has gone. i have no idea what he said.1.(典型例题) He cant answer the question_he got the money. A. what B. that C. how D. where2 (典型例题)Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. that C. whether D. when辨析:1引导名词性从句时what与whatever, who与whoever的区别：what 与whatever：what you want has been sent here.( what = the thing(s) that/all thatt特指，表疑问)whatever you want makes no difference to me.(whatever = anything that泛指，不表疑问)what caused the accident was a broken bottle.（特指）whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.（泛指）who 与whoever ：who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided.(who表疑问，表示“谁”，“哪一个”)。whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever = anyone who，不表疑问,表示“无论哪个人”)2 that， what引导名词性从句的区别That: 只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义What: 起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示“所的”。1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.4. _ he won the race was _ we expected.3.“that”引导名词性从句与定语从句的区别引导从句that从句中的作用可否省略名词性从句连接词不担任成分，只起连接作用，无意义引导宾语从句时可省略定语从句关系代词主语，宾语和表语作宾语时可省略3. 名词性从句的语序：陈述语序These photographs will show you what our village looks like. 巩固练习1.Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh，thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited2. Theres a feeling in me_well never know what a UFO isnot ever.A.that B.which C.of which D.what3. Perseverance is a kind of qualityand thats_it takes to do anything well.A.what B.that C.which D.why4._ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.A.What B.Where C.If D.That5._ is known to all that WTO stands for World Trade Organization.A.Which B.What C.As D.It6.The fact_she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which7.The mountain is no longer_it used to be.A.which B.that C.as D.what8.We know little about the young lady except_you told me.A.what B.that C.how D.不填9.I know nothing about her except_she is from Canada.A.how B.when C.that D.why10._ proves that my advice is right.A.It will happen that B.That has happened C.What has happenedD.When it happened11.What a pity_is_you didnt arrive by daylight.A.there；becauseB.it；that C.he；whenD.that；for12.The question he asked was_the electrical equipment should be stored.A.what B.which C.where D.because13._we cant get seems better than_we have.A.What；what B.What；that C.That；thatD.That；what14._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where15.Father made a promise_I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.A.that B.if C.whether D.that if16.The reason_she gave for not being present was_the heavy snow prevented her coming.A./；becauseB.why；because C./ ；thatD.why；whether17._ is the most useful invention?A.Do you think which of these B.Which of these do you thinkC.Which of these you think D.You think which of these18.This is the nicest hotel_I have ever stayed so far.A.that B.where C.which D./19._ there is life on another planet is almost impossible.A.How B.That C.Why D.Whether20.Its not yet clear_of those will be chosen to do the job.A.that B.whom C.which D.whose21.It is probable_he told her everything.A.who B.which C.why D.that22._ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next Monday.A.It says B.It is said C.It has saidD.He is said23.The possibility_the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.A.which B./ C.that D.what24._ you go or stay at home wont make any differences.A.If B.When C.That D.Whether25.It doesnt matter_I rest or not.A.if B.whether C.that D.when26.He doesnt know_is_he was born.A.that；whereB.that；what C.where；thatD.what；where27._ is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.A.That B.He C.What D.It28.It worried her a bit_her hair was turning gray.A.while B.that C.if D.whether29._breaks the law should be punished.A.No matter who B.Whoever C.AllD.Who30.These photographs will show you _.A.what our village looks like B.what does our village look likeC.how our village looks like D.how does our village look like31._ is to practice using English often.A.That you should do B.Which you should doC.What you should do D.Whatever should you do32.I believe_youve done your best and_things will improve.Thank you.A.that；/ B./；/ C.what；thatD./；that33.Please give the book to_wins the first prize.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever34.The fire destroyed_was in the building.A.all B.what C.that D.which35.It looks_he is unhappy today.A.that B.if C.as if D.whether36.After months of research there was little hope_the lost car might be found.A.that B.which C.whenD.how37.She dresses well，but the trouble is_the clothes she is wearing dont go with each other very well.A.even ifB.whether C.thatD.if38.The suggestion_students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering.A.ifB.which C.不填D.that39._ they dont like us is very clear.A.WhatB.That C.WhichD.Where40._ youve all had a wonderful vacation.A.It would be good thatB.It is good that C.It was good that D.It will be good that41._ the headmaster is not coming to the sports meeting at all.A.It seems thatB.It seem that C.It seems D.It seemed42.Has it been announced_the planes are to take off?A.whenB.if C.which D.what43.It is not clear_he did it.A.whoB.which C.whom D.why44.It has not been decided yet_the meeting will start.A.when B.why C.whereD.now45.I dont doubt_he will come.A.that B.if C.what D.whether46.Theres some doubt_she will be able to repay the money on time.A.that B.if