词性变化和词性转换.doc

一、合成有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。 如：合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。fire + man -fireman good+looking -good-looking any+time -anytime一、派生1、前缀：加前缀通常改变词义反义词：un: healthy-unhealthy usual-unusual happy-unhappydis: honest-dishonest appear-disappear like-dislike cover-discoverim: possible-impossiblein: dependent -independent一、派生1、前缀：加前缀通常改变词义反义词：un: healthy-unhealthy usual-unusual happy-unhappydis: honest-dishonest appear-disappear like-dislike cover-discoverim: possible-impossiblein: dependent -independent2、后缀： 加后缀一般改变词性（1）名词后缀：-er: managemanager, own-owner, record-recorder report-reporter, teach-teacher, wait-waiter win-winner, work-worker , write-writer-or: visit-visitor , act-actor, invent-inventor-ress: wait-waitress, act-actress-(t)ion: inventinvention, pollute-pollution, attractattraction, suggest-suggestion collect-collection, locate-location, operate-operation, protect-protection solve-solution, add-addition2、后缀： 加后缀一般改变词性（1）名词后缀：-ation: invite-invitation, organize-organization-(s)ion: discuss-discussion, decide-decision-ment: develop-development, amuseamusement advertise-advertisement-ce: enter-entrance-ing: meet-meeting, paint-painting, say-saying begin-beginning, build-building2、后缀： 加后缀一般改变词性（2）名词+ist ; er变成表示人的名词-ist: science-scientist, artartist, tourtourist-er: farm-farmer, engine-engineer, law-lawyer(3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom变成名词-ness: kindkindness, illillness;-ty: safesafety, difficultdifficulty, honesthonesty-ity: electricelectricity, nationalnationality, activeactivity, ableability-th: truetruth, longlength-ce:differentdifference, importantimportance-dom: freefreedom, wisewisdom,(2) 动词后缀：1. 名词+ize变成动词： -ize: memory-memorize2. 形容词+en 变成动词： widewiden(3). 形容词后缀：1.名词+ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an变成形容词-ed: ageaged, woundwounded- ful: powerpowerful, carecareful, useuseful successsuccessful, wonderwonderful-y: windwindy, rainrainy, cloudcloudy snowsnowy, sunsunny, lucklucky noisenoisy, healthhealthy, funfunny,-ly: lovelovely, friendfriendly, -ive: actactive-al: educationeducational, officeofficial, nationnational, naturenatural, personpersonal, traditiontraditional, physicalphysical-cal: historyhistorical, chemistrychemical, medicinemedical-en: goldgolden, woodwooden-(i)an: AustraliaAustralian, CanadaCanadian ItalyItalian, AmericaAmerican(4)名词+less 变成形容词，有相反的意思-less: homehomeless, carecareless, helphelpless lifelifeless, useuseless;动词+ful, able, ive变成形容词：-ful: forgetforgetful, helphelpful, thankthankful-able: availavailable, enjoyenjoyable, changechangeable, -ive: attractattractive动词+ed, ing变成形容词-ed: woundwounded, fryfried, pleasepleased, surprisesurprised, interestinterested, exciteexcited-ing: amuseamusing, interestinteresting surprisesurprising, excite-exciting(4)副词后缀： 形容词+y, ly 变副词-y: gentlegently, possiblepossibly-ly: accurateaccurately, angryangrily, beautifulbeautifully, generalgenerally, clearclearly, completecompletely, finalfinally luckyluckily, loudloudly, mainmainly, quickquickly, quietquietly, realreally, recentrecently, usualusually, safesafely slowslowly, seriousseriously, softsoftly widewidely, truetruly, carefulcarefully, happyhappily, heavyheavily, immediate-immediately(5)基数词后缀：-teen : fourfourteen, fivefifteen, -ty: threethirty, eighteighty,(6) 序数词后缀：-th: five-fifth, six-sixth, nineteennineteenth, ninety-ninetieth, nineninth特别注意：onefirstfirstlyoncetwosecondsecondly-twice1、make a phone call-call me later2、change her idea-offer me some changes3、clean our classroom-keep our classroom clean4、be sunny and clear-clear the street5、cook food-a chief cook6、get a thorough check-check our homework7、correct our mistakes-a correct answer8、keep us cool-cool the milk9、in the dark-dark brown10、from a desire to become rich-desire happiness11、leave early-early morning12、on my other hand-hand me his book13、a hard apple-work hard14、hurry to school -in a hurry15、look like -have a look at16、work late -at a late hour-be late for17、process our problem -a long process18、water flowers-enough water19、weak light-light enough for me to lift20、walk straight-a straight line21、some books-book a hotel22、break the rules-have a break23、a bright boy-a pair of bright eyes24、a book in a case-deal with a case25、catch the bus-catch the thiefcatch a cold-catch what you said26、live in the country-work for our country27、walk through the crowd-be crowded with28、my dear-a dear earring29、my experiences in England-be full of experience30、I dont know if,/If it rains,.31、run fast-run a restaurant32、happen to do / happen on Friday33、manage to do sth./ manage a company34、the rest of time / have a rest35、be present a meeting-give me a present-at present36、still live there-keep still/stay still-still taller37、take away-take notes-take a pill-take a bus-It takes sb. some time to do-take photos38、look after patients-be patient to students39、Yes, I will.-Will you.-a strong will When there is a will, there is a way.40、by train-train us to be excellent ones41、get along/on with sb. - get along /on with our work42、go ahead , youll find a school on your right.-May I ask you a question? Go ahead.43、go in for = take part in-go in for = be