常用数学词汇表.docx

常用数学英语词汇表椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus,local(l.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustumofaprism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustumofacone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incenter (BrE),incenter(AmE)外心excenter(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribedcircle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weightedaverage方差variance标准差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation比例proportion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normaldistribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram扇形统计图piediagramadd，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数，红利divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项numericalcoefficient数字系数literalcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程，等价方程linearequation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4.有关分数和小数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数mixednumber带分数vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator（最小）公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.-32=32roundoff四舍五入6.有关数论naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数integer,wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse倒数compositenumber合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位hundreds百位mode众数median中数commonratio公比7.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数几何部分 所有的角alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形3.平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straightline直线linesegment线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surfacearea表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股crosssection横截面centerofacircle圆心chord弦radius半径anglebisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱faceofasolid立体的面hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线adjacentside邻边base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面planegeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的1.单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打（12个）score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱 (干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalaryyear(leapyear)闰年(366天)commonyear平年 (365天)depreciation折旧downpayment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simpleinterest单利compoundedinterest复利dividend红利decreaseto减少到decreaseby减少了increaseto增加到increaseby增加了denote表示listprice标价markup涨价percapita每人ratio比率retailprice零售价tie打acceleration加速度accumulation累积accumulative累积的accuracy准确度functionnotation方程符号 函数符号quadraticfunctions二次函数quadraticequations二次方程式 二次等式Equivalentalgebraicexpressions等价代数表达式rationalexpression有理式 有理表达式horizontalandverticaltranslationoffunctions函数的水平和垂直的平移reflectionsoffunctions函数的倒映 映射Exponentialfunctions指数函数exponentialdecay指数式衰减exponent指数propertiesofexponentialfunctions指数函数的特性Trigonometry三角学Reciprocaltrigonometricratios倒数三角函数比Trigonometricfunctions 三角函数Discretefunctions 离散函数1相交直线intersectionlines2临补角adjacentanglesonastraightline3对顶角verticalangles4垂直perpendicular5垂线perpendicularline6垂足footofaperpendicular7平行parallel8命题proposition9平移translation10有序数对orderedpair11平面直角坐标系rectangularcoordinatesystem12x轴x-axis13y轴y-axis14坐标coordinate15象限quadrant17高altitude18中线median19角平分线bisectorofangle20多边形polygon21对角线diagonal22正多边形regularpolygon23二元一次方程linearequationoftwounknowns24二元一次方程组systemoflinearequationsoftwounknowns25代入法substitutionmethod26加减法addition-subtractionmethod27不等式inequality28解集solutionset29一元一次不等式linearinequalityofoneunknown30一元一次不等式组systemoflinearinequalitiesofoneunknown31算术平方根arithmeticsquareroot32被开方数radicand33平方根、二次方根squareroot34开平方extractionofsquareroot35立方根、三次方根cuberoot36开立方extractionofcuberoot37根指数raicalexponent变量variable2常量constant3自变量independentvariable4函数function6正比例函数proportionalfunction7一次函数linearfunction8频数frequency11频数分布frequencydistribution12直方图histogram13全等形congruentfigures14全等三角形congruenttriangles15轴对称图形symmetricfigures16对称轴axisofsymmetry17对称点symmetricpoints18垂直平分线perpendicularbisector21单项式monomial22系数coefficent23次数degree24多项式polynomial25项term26常数项constantterm27整式integralexpression28平方差公式formulaforthedifferenceofsquares29完全平方公式formulaforthesquareofthesum30因式分解factoring31公因式commonfactor分式fraction2通分changingfractionstoacommondenominator3约分reductionofafraction4分式方程fractionequation5反比例函数inverseproportionalfunction6双曲线hyperbola8平行四边形parallelogram9矩形rectangle10菱形rhombus11正方形square12梯形trapezium13等腰梯形isoscelestrapezium14重心barycenter15加权平均数weightedaverage16权weight17中位数median18众数mode19极差range20方差variance代数式algebraicexpression2一元二次方程quadraticequationinoneunkown3根root4旋转rotation5中心对称centralsymmetry6中心对称图形centralsymmetryfigure9半径radius10弦chord11直径diameter12弧arc15圆周角anlgeinacircularsegment17外心circumcenter18切线tangentline19内切圆inscribedcircle20内心incenter21随机事件randomevent22概率pro