(简单句)英语学习中的六种基本句型结构.doc

及物动词和不及物动词的区别英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了.1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如： I believe that the meeting will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?” 2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如： Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况： a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如： Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况： a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如arrive到达，agree同意，1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如： We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve为服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务 英语学习中的六种基本句型结构简单句：如果句中只有一个主谓结构，而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，称为简单句。句型1：主谓结构：Subject (主语) Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。1) Li Ming works very hard.2) The little girl cried even harder. 3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.句型2：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：1） be( am,is,are,was, were),2） 感官系动词 seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound This kind of food tastes delicious.3） 表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, growremain, stay, keep, continue, Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.句型3：主谓宾结构：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句)句型4：S十V十间接宾语+直接宾语：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成；但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等。（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。例如：He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me句型5：主谓宾补结构：Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(名词)3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式) 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。1) The boss made him do the work all day.2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.句型6：There be + 主语 + 其它这一结构表示“某地有某物”。主语一般位于there be 之后。值得关注的是，当句中有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.练习 一）判断这些句子的类型并理解be动词的用法（连系动词助动词）1.Theboyisasleep(_式)2.Theboyissleeping.(_式)3.Theboyisplayingtheguitar.(_式)4.Heisplayinghappily.(_式)5.Hismusicisverybeautiful.(_式)6.Itisbeautifulmusic.(_式)二）判断这些句子的类型1.Sheisaverygoodgirl.(_式)(_语)(_词)(_语)2.Thegirlisverygood.(_式)(_语)(_词)(_语)3.Theylaughed.(_式)(_语)(_词)4.Thekitesflyinthesky.(_式)(_语)(_词)5.Iboughtanewbike.(_式)(_语)(_词)(_语)6.Heplaysvolleyball.(_式)(_语)(_词)(_语)7.Shetoldmeastory.(_式)(_语)(_词)(_语)(_语)8.Hegavemeagoodbook.(_式)(_语)(_词)(_语)(_语)9.Heaskedmetohelphim.(_式)(_语)(_词)(_语)(_语)10.Hemademehappy.(_式)(_语)(_词)(_语)(_语)2) There is a boy and two girls running on the playground. 11.Hegotthroughthewindow.12Youllgetasurprise.13Hegothisshoesandsockswet.14.Hegothimselfintotrouble.15Hegotheranicepresent.16 Pleastellusastory._17.Shesmiled._18.Ihavealotworktodo._19Hisjobistotrainswimmers._20Henoticedaman ntertheroom._21.Pleaselookatthepicture._画出下列句子的谓语1.Heaskedmetogivehimahand.2.Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythismorning.3.Idontknowwhattodo.4.WeareveryinterestedinEnglish.5.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.b.选出下列句子中的宾语1.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.2.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.3.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.4.Ilikeplayingchess,5.Idontknowwhattodo.c.