自考英语Englishjy01011.doc

高等教育自学考试网上辅导英语（一）TextAHow to be a successful language learnerNew wordssuccessfula. 成功的adult n. 成年人 a. 成年的，成熟的disagreevi. 有分歧，不同意；2.不一致，不符statement n. 声明，陈述guarantee n./vt. 保证，担保，保修intelligent a. 聪明的，明智的converselyadv. 相反的similar a. 1.相似的，类似的；2.与相似（to）independent a. 独立的，自主的pattern n. 1.型，模式，样式；2.花样，图案guesser n. 猜测者cluen. 线索，提示conclusionn. 结论，推论communicate vi. 通讯，交流，交际vt. 传达，传播communication n. 1.通讯，交流；2.传达；3.通讯联系，交通工具inexact a. 不正确的，不精确的incomplete a. 不完整的purpose n. 1.目的，意图；2.用途regularly ad. 整齐地，经常地，定期地purposefully ad. 有目的地，蓄意地technique n.1.技术；2.技巧，手艺outline vt. 概括，提出要点n. 轮廓；大纲，提纲词根:rooting word profix 前缀 suffix 后缀1.succeed-success-successful eg: successful(n.)+ful=(a.)careful小心的，谨慎的，仔细的 powerful 强大2.disagree-with sb(sth)/ to sth /on sth /that clausedis- dis+(a.)(v) dislike 不喜欢 dishonest不诚实3.-ment (v.)+ment=(n.)movement 移动 argument 诤论make a statement陈述,声明eg:Students who study hard can score high,conversely,the lazy ones can never. 4.-ly (a.)+ly=(adv.) hurriedly (adv.) 急忙地，着急地，急匆匆地 friendly (adj.)友好的exactly (adv.) 精确地，准确地 lively(adv.or adj.)-er(v.)+er=(n.)reader speaker cookercooker不是做饭的人,而是做饭的工具.不要认为后面+er就一定是什么样的人. -or -ist -ee -ian 5.independent inexact incompletein否定前缀depend-dependent-dependence-independentExactinexactComplete-incompleteinexpensive 便宜、不昂贵cheapinfamous(不仅是不出名,而且是声名狼藉)-ent(v.)+ent=(a.)consistent 一贯的insistent坚持的下面我们分析一下每个词:1.succeed-success-successful eg:successful people成功人士; make a successful experiment 试验成功了;2.adult-成年人 grownup child- 儿童adulthood 成年阶段 adult education 成人教育childhood 童年3.disagree-with sb(sth)/ to sth /on sth /that clauseagree:做不及物动词使用时,后面和相对应的介词来搭配,及物动词(vt.)不及物动词(vi.)及物:后面能跟物体,后面可以直接是名词做宾语,不及物:后面不能直接跟名词做宾语,后面加上相对应的介词,这时才能跟宾语,agree-with sb(sth)/ to sth /on sth /that clause有时to是介词,比如:go to school. to+(n.) 介宾结构to+(v.)不定式eg: 1)I disagree with you about it.（2）His conduct disagrees with his words.言行不一（3）We disagreed on the plan.（4）The headmaster disagrees that students cant go home until finish their homework. 4.state仔细而详尽而明确地陈述或说明某事eg:state ones views/opinion说明自己的见解opinion:某人的见解,意见.make a statement陈述,声明. make friends.交朋友. make beds.整理床铺.所以说它是一个万能动词.5.guarantee(n.)保证,担保(n.)eg: Hard work is the guarantee of success.(v.)eg: He guaranteed to pay off debts in two weeks.6. make a difference among :intelligent/clever/brighteg:（1）The boy is very intelligent. He went to Harvard University when he was only 15 years old.主要是指头脑聪明.（2）The youngest girl has clever fingers.指一个人的灵活性.（3）What a bright idea.想法非常周到7.conversely(相反的)-same(相同的)Eg: Students who study hard can score high, conversely, the lazy ones can never. 8.similar-similarly-similarity(n.相似点)differentsimilarthe samebe different from用法:be similar to (to 是介词)eg: A cat is similar to a tiger in many ways.9.depend-dependent-dependence-independenteg: The People1s Republic of China has been an independent country since 1949. 10.pattern 模式,图案.11.guesser猜测者guess猜测,让别人猜一下就是make a guess.12.conclude得出结论,下结论.conclusion(名词)come to a conclusion得出结论 draw a conclusion (from)(从-中)得出结论 jump at/to a conclusion匆匆做出结论eg:They come to a conclusion that peoples living conditions have been improved.他们得出结论,人们的生活状况提高了.13.communicate-communication 通讯、交流，传播。eg:（1）He offen communicates with me by E-mail.（2）Reporter is the people who communicates news to the others.14.purpose-purposeful-purposefully eg:Whats his purpose in coming? 他抱着什么目的而来？15.regularly整齐地,经常地,定期地.（1）The soldiers are standing there regularly.(静静地)（2）He is late for class regularly.(经常的)（3）Her mother is in charge of checking the accounts of the factory regularly.(定期的)16.technique 技术、手艺、技巧make difference between technique/technology technique:既可以表示工艺上的技术,也可以表示一般的技术.technology:只可以表示工艺或工艺技术.17.outline:既可以作动词概括,也可以做名词轮廓. 以下所讲的每个单词的特点,这些都是考点词汇.1.disagree 的搭配2.intelligent 注意它的表意，及其与 clever、bright的区别。3.conversely 注意用在句子中，看句子前后的表意有无相反的意思。4.similar: be similar municate communication regularly等词注意其表意的多样性。6. technique 和technology 的适用范围的不同。短语和英语中的一些表达1.to disagree with2.First of all,首先,第一.表示程序的一个短语.First of all, we should find every chance to speak English.3.to depend on 依靠,依赖或者是以而定.其中on可以用upon代替.Good health depends on good food, exercises and enough sleep.Whether we go out or not depend on the weather.4.be willing to乐意做某事,愿意做某事.He is willing to help others when they are in trouble.5.be interested in 对感兴趣.My father is very interested in Peking Opera.(京剧)6.on one handon the other hand 一方面，另一方面The summer vocation is coming. On one hand Im very happy because I can go home soon; on the other hand, Im fairly worried because I have little money.快要放暑假了,一方面就要回家了,我很高兴;另一方面,我很担心,我几乎没什么钱了.分析题目：How to be a successful language learnerhow：如何（表示一种方式）to +V. 动词不定式be +宾语：表示一种状态（be：am, is, are 的原型）how to be：不定式的特殊形式language learner：语言学习者（language：名词作定语，修饰后面的名词）Paragraph 1Learning a language is easy. Even a child can do it!译文：学习一门语言是简单的事情。连小孩子都会。learning a language：主语；learning：动名词，有动词意味的名词。it：代词，do it是指Learning a language。Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. most adults 大多数的成年人who are learning a second language 定语从句，修饰前面的名词adult；who指代人；are learning定语从句的谓语；a second language宾语。would 通常表示will的过去时，但此处是助动词，意为可能，将会For them, learning a language is a very difficult task.译文：对于他们而言，学习一门语言是一项非常艰难的任务。for them：对于他们而言；for：介词They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.hundreds of 数百（约数）practice 练习this 代词，指代They spend hundreds of hours on study and practice。Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. 译文：语言学习不同于其他类型的学习。different from（固定搭配）不同于Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. in ones field 在某人自身的领域中 it指代to succeed in language learningsucceed in（固定搭配）成功地做了某事；最终做成了某事（反义词组：fail to do sth）句型结构：sb.（主语） + find (V. 谓语) + it（宾语）+ adj.+ to do adj. 形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语it。to do 真正宾语，是it 所指代的事情。Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.conversely相反地Paragraph 2Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: Read as much as you can in the new language. advice 名词，不可数，eg. a piece of advice, two pieces of advice词组：ask for sbs advice征求建议；give/offer advice给某人建议；take/follow sbs advice 接受/听从建议advise动词 advise sb to do sth. 建议某人做某事as much as you can 同级比较；尽可能多地；much 表示程度in 用语言Practice speaking the language every day. practice 美国英语中练习的名词和动词都是Practice；英国英语中 练习的名词是Practice，动词是practise。practice + V.ing（动名词）Live with people who speak the language. Dont translate - try to think in the new language. Learn as a child would learn; play with the language.as连词，表示一种方式，像一样Paragraph 3But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.show 表明in many ways 固定搭配First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. independent独立的；自立的They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. discover发现way 方法to learn 不定式，在此处作目的状语Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. 译文：他们不等老师来讲解，而是自己试着寻找句型和规律。instead of （介词短语）意为替代了，该词组后面的部分是被替代的部分；instead 副词They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. form v. 形成 n. 表格When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes.wrong 例：He gave me a wrong answer. 此时wrong 是形容词；He answered wrong. 此时wrong 是副词。learn from从中学习；向学习Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. wait for等待look for 寻找；find 找到（表示一种最终结果）They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. correct v.更正make a mistake （固定搭配）They will try anything to communicate. anything 代指 any chancecommunicate v. 交流They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. be afraid to do sth.不敢做；害怕做be afraid of 害怕某人/某事what they hear 宾语从句When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. that is inexact or incomplete 定语从句It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.it is + adj. +for somebody to do something：it 形式主语Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. with a purpose 介词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词learnersThey want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. 句式：it is + adj. +for somebody to do somethingThey find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.Paragraph 4What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. have/has been doing现在完成进行时On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.do well to do something：相当于had better do somethingoutlined作定语，修饰前面的名词techniquessucceed in fail to do sth sb+v+(it)+to doit is +(a.) +(for sb to do)Exercises for the textIII.Choose the best item to complete the following sentence.first of all：at first 首先on the other hand：另一方面therefore：所以，因此finally：最终，最后instead of 代替；而不是look for 寻找（强调行为动作）even 甚至，甚至于conversely 相反地because（连词，作原因状语），因为more than （比较结构）比更（1）_fewer mistakes, there were more in his writing.答案：Instead of（2）It rained;_the game was called off.答案：therefore（3）Just because they make _money _I do, they think they can be so proud.答案：more than （4）_a child can understand the book.答案：Even（5）_,you must be frank.答案：First of all（6）He did not trust me_I am new.答案：because（7）On the one hand, he saved money, but_,he wasted time.答案：on the other hand（8）What decision did you _ arrive at?答案：finally（9）The student is_ a summer job.答案：looking for（10）You arent boring me._,I find what you say most interesting.答案：ConverselyVocabulary ExercisesI.For each sentence, fill in the blank with the proper form of the words given as beginning. 1.successsuccessfulsuccessfullya.She wished him _in his new job.答案：successb.Were you _in finding a new house?答案：successfulc.I finished my training _.答案：successfully2.dependdependentIndependencea.When you begin to make money you can live a life of _.答案：independenceb.Children _on their parents for food.答案：dependc.I dont want to be _on my parents, because I am already an adult.答案：dependentbe + adj.：系表结构无论depend还是dependent都可以与on搭配3.coveruncoverdiscovera.Snow has _the ground.答案：coveredb.Please _the pot. The food is too hot.答案：uncoverc.We have _that he is quite careful in his work.答案：discovered4.purposepurposefulpurposefullya.He was a clever man whose every word was _.答案：purposefulb.We should use the language _.答案：purposefullyc.She did it on _.答案：purposeII.Fill in the following blanks with the words listed below in their proper forms. statement intelligentsimilarcluecommunicate inexactincomplete regularly techniqueoutline1.Many examples of _translation were found in this book.答案：inexact2.He is learning the _of painting.答案：technique3.The railway bridge is _by bright electric lights.答案：outlined4.We can _wi