初中英语动词不定式用法(主动语态部分).doc

初中英语动词不定式用法（主动语态部分）动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形 (即to do 形式)”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用，但不能作谓语。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：1. It is our duty to try our best to get onwell with each other .2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 3.It takes me two hours to finish my honework.二、用作表语常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to greet the teacher.三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求、选择、同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望、决定、学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可、知道(prefer, know)，希望、想要、愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，可用疑问词带to的不定式短语(即疑问词 + to do)作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)Please tell me how to go to the post office. 3)I dont know what to do next time.3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do sth.如：1)I find it difficult to remember every thing. 2)He feels it happy to play with a little cat.4.既可接to do形式又可接doing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，to do 形式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，doing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch English language TV.2)Im beginning to understand my mother.（注：begin用了进行时态，后面to do 形式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。）3)I like to eat vegetables.（感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。）5.一些动词后接to do 形式与后接doing形式的区别：1）后接to do 形式或doing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接doing形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。2）stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。3）try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；4）go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如：When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.I stopped using them last year.四、用作定语注：to do 形式作定语一般后置，如：1)I have so many chores to do today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her.3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.4)He needs time to do homework.5)Is that a good place to hang out？6)You want to know the best way to get around the city.7)Theres just so much to see and do here.8). but there are still many things to do五、用作补语动词不定式作补语时，常作宾语补足语（宾补）1.带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求、允许、提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望、邀请、鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导、告诉、想要(teach, tell, want)，等待、希望、愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)I invite her to have dinner at my house.2.动词不定式作补语，不带to的动词，多数是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe， see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel exciting.！2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu make his drem come true.3.help后接动词不定式作宾补时，to可带可不带。如：1.Healthy lifestyie and good eating haddits help me get goo grades.2)Using email English helps you write quickly.六、用作状语1.目的状语。如：A group of young people got together to discuss this question.2.原因状语。如：He said that he had run out of money to buy the old bikes.3.结果状语，多见于“too.to”，“enough to.”结构句中。如：1) Im too tired to walk . What should I do?2)The room is so big enough for three people to live in.七、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know how to say next. (作宾语)2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)2)Why go there?(=Why do we / yo