消化管1(口腔-双语版).ppt

Alimentary canal,Composition,Alimentary Canal,Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum,Alimentary Glands,Sup. Alim. Canal,Inf. Alim. Canal,Function: ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion,Mouth,Pharynx,Esophagus,Stomach,Small intestine,Large intestine,Major salivary glands,Liver,Pancreas,Cecum, Appendix, Colon, Rectum, Anal canal,Tracing Toast,Tracing a piece of toast through the alimentary canal,Digestive Process,Ingestion intake of food Digestion breakdown of food bit by bit into molecules small enough to be absorbed Mechanical Digestion physical breakdown of food Chemical Digestion chemical breakdown of macromolecules to monomers Absorption transport of productions into the blood Elimination (Defecation) - elimination of undigested waste,Digestive Enzymes,Break down complex substances into simpler substances that can be absorbed by the body,Digestive Enzymes,Complex proteins,Complex sugars,Fat molecules,Structure and Function,Oral Cavity,Oral Cavity,Consists of two parts Oral vestibule Between cheeks, lip and arch of teeth Oral cavity proper Within arch of teeth and gum,Boundaries of oral cavity proper Anterior and lateral: gum and teeth Posterior: isthmus of fauces Roof: palate Floor: tongue, muscles and mucous membrane Connection Oral vestibule leads, by the space behind the molar teeth, into the oral cavity proper,Palate,Two parts Hard palate Anterior 2/3 Formed by the maxilla and palatine bone Soft palate Posterior 1/3 Velum palatinum Uvula Palatoglossal arch Palatopharyngeal arch,Isthmus of fauces Formed by uvula, free border of velum palatinum, both side of palatoglossal arches, and root of tongue.,Teeth,General features Classification Incisors (2) Canine teeth (1) Premolars (2) Molars (3),Teeth,General features Classification Incisors Canine teeth Premolars Molars,Two sets Deciduous (Primary) Permanent (Secondary),Deciduous teeth,Deciduous teeth,Deciduous central incisor,Deciduous lateral incisor,Deciduous canine,First deciduous molar,Second deciduous molar,Deciduous teeth,20 in number, ten teeth in each mandibular and maxillary arch Deciduous central incisor; deciduous lateral incisor ; deciduous canine; first & second deciduous molar Upper jaw total 20 Lower jaw in. in. can. mol. mol. Eruption: stars at about 6 mouth of age and continues to beginning of 3rd year Shedding: occurs between 6th and 12th years with replacement by permanent teeth,R,L,D. L. U. S. M.,D. R. L. L. I.,8 incisors 4 cuspids 8 molars,Deciduous Teeth,Permanent teeth,Central incisor,Lateral incisor,Canine teeth,1st premolar,2nd premolar,1st molar,2nd molar,3rd molar (wisdom ),在临床上，记录牙的排列形式,Permanent teeth ( adult ),Permanent teeth ( adult ),32 in number，16 in each mandibular and maxillary arch 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars in each quadrant Upper jaw 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 total 32 Lower jaw First permanent molar appears at about 6 years Third molars (wisdom teeth)many erupt at any time after 12 years of age or not at all (impaction).,3,7,R,L,L. U. S. M.,R. L. C.,Teeth,Shape of the teeth Each tooth consists of 3 parts: Crown of tooth Neck of tooth Root of tooth Dental cavity Pulp chamber Root canal transmits the nerves and vessels to and from the dental cavity through the apical foramen,Section of a Tooth,Teeth,Calcified tissues Dentine is a yellowish white tissue, that forms the bulk of tooth. Enamel is a hard, brittle white tissue that covers the crown of the tooth. Cement is an unusual form of bone that covers the root of the tooth. Dental pulp formed connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves.,decayed tooth,Teeth,17-9,Tongue,Tongue,Two parts divided two parts by v-shaped terminal sulcus,Root of tongue ： posterior 1/3,Body of tongue ：anterior 2/3 Apex of tongue ：free rounded tip At the apex of terminal sulcus is a small median pit, the foramen cecum of tongue,Lingual mucous membrane Papillae of tongue Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae Vallate papillae Lingual tonsil Masses of submucosal lymphoid tissue on the root of tongue,Tongue,contain taste buds,Inferior surface of tongue,Sublingual caruncle small elevation,Sublingual fold,Frenulum of tongue a midline fold of mucous membrane connecting tongue to floor of mouth,Sublingual caruncle,Sublingual fold,Frenulum of tongue,Muscles of tongue,Intrinsic muscles of tongue Involved in changing shape of tongue Include longitudinal, transverse and vertical muscles of tongue,Extrinsic muscles of tongue Genioglossus Arises from mental spine of mandible and inserts into either side of midline of tongue Action: acting together draw tongue forward and downward (depresses and protrudes tongue ); acting along making apex of tongue to opposite side Hyoglossus Styloglossus Involved in determining shape and position of tongue,Tongue,Major Salivary Glands,Parotid gland Position Superficial part: triangular in shape, lies below and in front of the external acoustic meatus, and partially covers the masseter Deep part: lies between ramus of mandible and sternocleidomastoid.,Parotid duct Arises front anterior border of gland Runs over the masseter a fingers breadth below the zygomatic arch to pierce the buccinator Opens onto the papilla of parotid duct, opposite the upper second molar tooth,Submandibular gland Position Lies in submandibular triangle, between anterior and posterior bellies of digastric Submandibular duct Opens onto sublingual caruncle,Major Salivary Glands,Sublingual gland Position situated beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of mouth,Ducts Major sublingual ductopens onto the sublingual caruncle Minor sublingual ductsopen onto t