Lesson4专业英语翻译翻译.doc

Lesson 4 Physical Chemistry 第四课 物理化学Physical Chemistry looks at chemistry from a different angle to inorganic and organic chemistry. Whereas these branches study the reactions of different groups of elements and compounds, physical chemistry uses mathematics and physics to determine laws which describe the way chemical reaction happen.物理化学是从无机化学和有机化学的不同角度看待化学。鉴于这些分支研究不同群体的元素及化合物之间的反应，物理化学采用数学和物理基本规律对以一定方式发生的化学反应加以描述。Energy, Structure and RateSo physical chemistry deals with Thermodynamics or the energy levels and changes involved in chemicals and chemical reactions. It also deals with the Quantum Mechanics of chemicals. This is the atomic and molecular structure of the chemicals. Finally it deals with Kinetics or the rates of reactions and how they are changed.能量，结构和率所以物理化学处理的是热力学问题或者是涉及到化学物质和化学反应热力学的能量高低的变化的问题，同时，还处理化学物质的量子力学问题，这是具有原子和分子的化学物质。最后，它还涉及到动力学的反应速率，以及它们如何被改变。Obscure but FundamentalIt could be argued that this is the least interesting of the branches of chemistry. It involves lots of mathematical formulae and obscure theories involving Greek letters. Of course these concepts are also vital for many important processes in nature and in many of the equipment we take for granted.模糊但重要有人可能认为这是最有趣的分支化学，它涉及到大量的数学公式和模糊理论包括希腊字母。当然，这些概念也是至关重要的本质上为许多重要步骤,但在很多的设备我们认为是理所当然的。 翻译：08.2 李娟 0810420211 Energy ChangesThermodynamics involve changes in energy. Changes in heat energy cause changes in temperature, which is foundational to cooking, refrigeration and transport. Chemical reactions which produce heat are exothermic, such as in burning fuel or an exploding bomb. This usually means that chemical bonds have been broken. Chemical reactions which take heat in are called endothermic and usually mean that chemical bonds have been formed. 能量变化 热力学涉及能源的变化。热能变化的温度，这是基础烹饪，冷藏及运输事业的变化。化学反应而产生热量的放热反应，如燃料燃烧或爆炸的炸弹。这通常是指化学键被打破。化学反应而采取的热量，通常被称为吸热意味着已经形成化学键。Atomic StructureQuantum mechanics deals with the structure of the very foundational units of all matter, atoms. So the arrangement of atoms in different solids such as steel, concrete and ice are determined by this discipline. But this study also led to the discovery of the structure of the atomic nucleus leading to both the atomic bomb and nuclear energy. 原子结构 量子力学涉及所有物质的最基本单位结构，原子。因此，原子在如钢铁，混凝土和冰等不同固体中的排列是由这门规律确定的。但这项研究也导致了原子核结构的发现，进而推进了原子弹和核能的产生。Speed of ReactionKinetics is about speed of reaction. We depend on reaction rates in so many ways in our modern lives. If reactions in the body did not involve enzymes which control the rate of the reactions, we would not be able to live due to the reactions happening too slowly. The different cooking methods demonstrate the way different conditions affect the rate of reaction; to bake a potato takes hours in a conventional oven, but only a matter of minutes in a microwave oven. 反应速度动力学是关于反应速度的学科，在我们现代生活中的很多方面都会依赖反应速率。如果在我们身体里的反应没有涉及到酶控制反应速率，那么我们将由于发生的反应太慢而无法生存。不同的烹调方法描述了影响反应速率的不同条件;在传统的烤箱里烤土豆需要几个小时，但在微波炉中只需要几分钟。 翻译：08.2 李莎 0810420212 CatalystsThe study of the way rates of reaction can be changed by catalysts like enzymes or precious metals such as platinum or rhodium is important. Reverse catalysts or inhibitors are important in the preservation of foodstuffs and have been greatly developed. 催化剂 研究以像酶或铂金、铑等贵金属作为催化剂改变反应速率的方式是非常重要的。反向催化剂或抑制剂在保存食品方面很重要，并已有很大的发展。Collision TheoryThe way conditions affect reaction rates is all about collisions. For example as temperature increases the particles move around faster and so are more likely to collide and react quicker. Higher concentration also causes more collisions. This is an important part of the study of kinetics. 碰撞理论