Unit4定语从句练习1.docVIP

定语从句(The Attributive Clause)(一)概念： 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。例如： The story that you read is interesting. They planted the trees which didnt need much water. The boy who broke the window is Tom.在上面三个例句中斜体部分都叫定语从句，他们所修饰的词The story, the trees, The boy都叫先行词。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which 和关系副词when, where, why等。一、关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which的用法1.当先行词是人,我们用who或that。例如：The girl who/that is beautiful is my sister.This is the man who/that helped me.2.当先行词是人,我们用whom/that. 又如：The doctor whom/that you are looking for is in the room.The boy whom/that you met yesterday is Tom.3.当先行词是物时,我们用that/which.例如： A plane is a machine that/which can fly. The noodles that/which I cooked were good. 4.当先行词是人或物时,我们用whose来代替my/his/her/its/their等。例如： Do you know the man whose name is Mr. Smith? I live in the room whose window faces north.练习：用关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which填空:1) I have a friend _likes listening to classical music.2) Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress_ I give her.3) The man _leg broke in a match used to be a football player.4) Kevin is reading a book _is too difficult for him.5) The family _Im staying with lives in town.6) I know the student _article was published.7) Betty, _has never been abroad, is studying English very well.8)The boy with_ John spoke is my brother.从以上我们得出结论：1.当先行词是人时，我们用关系代词who, whom, that引导定语从句。2.当先行词是物时，我们用关系代词that, which引导定语从句。3.当先行词不论是什么时，我们都可以用关系代词that引导定语从句。事实上在用法上他们是有区别的：当先行词是人，关系代词作主语时，我们只能用who/ that，且不能省略。例如：1) This is the man who/that helped me.2) The man who/that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 当先行词是人，关系代词作宾语时，我们只能用whom/ that/who，可以省略。例如：1) The doctor (whom/that/who) you are looking for is in the room.2) The boy (whom/that/who) you met yesterday is Tom.当先行词是物时，不论其作主语、宾语，我们都用that/which,当其作主语时，不能省略；当其作宾语时，可以省略。例如：1) A plane is a machine that/which can fly.2) The noodles (that/which ) I cooked were good.注： 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时只能用whom, which ，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。 例如：1) The man whom/that my teacher is talking with is my father.The man with whom my teacher is talking is my father.2) The room that/which I live in is good. The room in which I live is good.但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在有关动词的后面。 例如：1) Is this the book which he is looking for?2) The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.练习：用关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which填空:1.The earthquake _hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people_ _lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3The house _they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.4.A house _is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5.Luckily none of the people _I know were killed in the earthquake. 6.People_study earthquake think that there will be another big one soon.7.The person to_ you just talked is Mr. Li.8.Miss White is the teacher _house caught fire last week.9.Harry is the boy_ mother is our maths teacher.10.This is the house in _I was born.怎样把两个句子合并成一个定语从句呢？ 1）A plane is a machine. It can fly.首先找出先行词。所谓先行词就是两个句子中相同的部分。在这两个句子中a machine和It是相同的部分，他们都指同一样东西。其次确定关系代词。 a machine是物，所以我们用关系代词which/that。第三步去掉多余词。在这两个句子中A plane is a machine. 应该是主句， It can fly.是从句。所以应该把It去掉换成which/that。即：A plane is a machine which/that can fly.2） The waiter was very friendly and polite. He served us tea.首先找出先行词。 在这两个句子中The waiter和He是相同的部分，他们都指同一个人。其次确定关系代词。 The waiter是人，所以我们用关系代词who/that。第三步去掉多余词。 在这两个句子中. The waiter was very friendly and polite.应该是主句， He served us tea.是从句。所以应该把He去掉换成who/that。即：The waiter who/that served us tea was very friendly and polite.二、关系副词when, where, why的用法：1、当先行词是表示时间的名词时，用when来引导，作状语。例如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.Well never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm.2 、当先行词是表示地点的名词时，用where来引导，作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last years.The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.3、当先行词是表示原因的名词时，用why来引导，作状语。例如： There are several reasons why we cant do that. He couldnt give the reason why he was late.注：关系副词when, where, why也可以用“介词+which”来表示。其中的介词是根据固定搭配来确定的。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.This is the house where we lived last years. This is the house in which we lived last years. There are several reasons why we cant do that. There are several reasons for which we cant do that.三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：1、 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。例如： She found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago.The accident happened on the day when I lost my job.2、 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。例如：She heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.John, who speaks Spanish, works here.Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold wet, started crying.Yunnan, where we live, is very beautiful.关系代词的选用：1）that的选用：在某些特定的先行词后面，一般只用that而不用which或who：1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时，只能用that ；This is the last book that I have.English is the most difficult subject that Ive learned.2.先行词是all, few, little, much, something, nothing, everything, anything, none, the one等代词时，只能用that ；（但先行词是everyone,anyone等复合代词时仍使用who.）You should hand in all that you have.We havent got much that we can give you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.3. 先行词被only, all, any, few , little, no, one of, the same, the very等修饰时，只能用that ；The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.This is one of the films that are interesting.He is the only person that is reliable.4.当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that ；Do you know the things and the persons that they are talking abut?5.主句已有疑问词who或which时，只能用that ;Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that is talking with our teacher?6.有两个定语从句其中一个已用which ，另一个只能用that ； Edison built up a factory which made things that had never been seen before.7.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，只能用that。He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago.He is said to be everything that an honest man should be.2）which和whom的选用：在某些特定的情况下，要使用which或whom，一般不用that:1.非限制性定语从句中不用that;He was very rude to the customs officer, which of course made things even worse.2.介词后不用that;Do you know the boy to whom I spoke just now?This is the factory in which he works.3.有两个定语从句其中一个已用that，另一个只能用which.Edison built up a factory that made things which had never been seen before3) who的选用：在某些特定的情况下，一般只用关系代词who，不用that:1.当先行词one,anyone,those指人时，一般不用that, 用who;Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.2.指人的先行词与定语从句之间被其他词分隔时, 用who；I met a foreign student from Nanjing University who could communicate with me in Chinese.3.在Here be或There be开头的句子中，先行词指人时, 用who；Here is the man who often comes to my help.There are many people who are strongly against the plan.4.一个句子中指人的先行词有时带两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that，另一个则多用who。The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.He is the only man that I know who is suitable for the job.定语从句专练：一选择题：1.Look at that lady _name is Mary. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that.2.He is a teacher _I like very much. A. who B. whose C. / D. which 3.Those pictures _were drawn by Tom are nice. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which4.Those _will go to the park stay here. A. who B.which C. whom D. whose5.That was all the money _I had. A. which B. that C. whose D. whom6.The girl _could sing well went to Europe. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which7.Tom is the first boy _left the room. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose8.This is the biggest ship _Ive ever seen. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose9.You can read any book _I have. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose10.This is all_ _she said about it. A. who B. whom C. what D. that11.Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way. A. who B. which C. that D. whom12.I like swimming, _is a good sport. A. which B. that C. as D. who13.Swimming is a very good sport, _everybody knows. A. which B. that C. as D. who14.They selected Tom, _they liked, as captain. A. which B. that C. who D. whom15.That was the year _I went to America. A. when B. where C. that D. which16.We came to the town, _we stayed for 2 days. A. when B. where C. that D. which17.This is the reason _I came here. A. when B. that C. why D. which18.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _she cou