反意疑问句下篇精讲.doc

英语中的反意疑问句-反意疑问句也是一种比较重要的语言现象，它既可以表示真实的疑问，也可以表示说话者的某种倾向、强调或是反问。 反意疑问句一般由两部分组成，基本原则是：若前一部分为肯定，则后一部分为否定；若前一部分为否定，则后一部分为肯定。 1. 陈述句谓语动词为have 的反意疑问句 1） 当have 做“有”解时，可以有两种形式 He hasnt anysisters, has he? He doesnt have any sisters, does he?2） 当have 做“经历、遭受、得到、吃”等解时，疑问部分只用do 的适当形式。 例如：You all had a good time, didnt you? 3） 当陈述句谓语动词含有have to, had to 时，疑问部分用do 的适当形式。 例如：We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 2. 其他类型的反意疑问句 1) 当陈述句谓语动词为系动词、助动词或情态动词时，疑问部分要重复这些动词。 2) need 和 dare 既可以用做情态动词，又可以用做行为动词，要注意它们在反意疑问句中的区别。3) 当陈述句谓语部分含有used to 时，疑问部分通常有两种形式 He used to get up early, usednt he? He used to get up early, didnt he?4) 当陈述句中的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish 时，反意疑问句的谓语要用may，而且前后两部分均用肯定式。 例如：I wish to go home now, may I? 5) 当陈述句中的主语为this, that, everything, anything, something, nothing 等时，反意疑问句主语用it。 例如：Everything is all right, isnt it? 6) 当陈述句中的主语为anybody, anyone, everybody,everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, these, those 等时，反意疑问句主语用they。 例如：No one wants to go, do they? 7) 含有宾语从句的主从复合句 当陈述句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，反意疑问句的谓语动词和主语代词一般同主句的谓语动词保持一致，但是如果陈述句是I (dont )suppose, think, believe, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel 等时，反意疑问句的谓语动词和主语应该和宾语从句的谓语动词和主语保持一致。 例如：He never said shewould come, did he? I dont think that she would come, would she?8) 含有主语从句和表语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句 如果主语（或表语）从句由whether, if, who, what, which, where, how,when 等引导时，反意疑问句对应于主句；但是，若主语是从句，则反意疑问句的主语要用it。 例如：What he lacks is courage, isnt it? It is not surprising that he was the only man qualified for the job, is it?9) 若陈述句中出现表示否定意义的词，则反意疑问句要用肯定式。 10) 祈使句的反意疑问句一般只用肯定式。 11) 感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，而且要用be 的一般现在时。 例如：What a lovely day, isnt it? 12) 当陈述句主语是动词不定式时，反意疑问句的主语用it。 附加疑问句特例- 1当陈述部分的主语是I，而句子又用来征询对方的意见时，附加疑问句中的主语用you。如： I find English very interesting, dont you? I dont like that film, do you? 2当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时，附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he，尤其是nobody, no one等作主语，具有否定概念时。如： Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they? Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they? Nobody wants to go there, does he? 3当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时，附加 疑问句中的主语一般用it，不用they。如： Everything seems all right now, doesnt it? Nothing is kept in good order, is it? Something must be done to stop pollution, isnt it? 4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。如： This is important, isnt it? That isnt correct, is it? These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they? 5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语，附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one，非正式场合用you,在美国英语中，在非正式场合还可以用he。如： One cant be too careful, can one?或can you? One should do his duty, shouldnt he? 6如果陈述部分用Im结构，附加疑问部分一般用arent I。如： I am strong and healthy arent I。 7当陈述句为there be结构时，附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如： Theres no help for it, is there? Theres something wrong, isnt there? 8陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如： Bob rarely got drunk, did he? Few people know him, do they? She seldom goes to the cinema, does she? 如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀，那么，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。如： He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he? 9当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如： She says that I did it, doesnt she? I told them not everybody could do it ,didnt I? 但当陈述部分的主语是I，谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时，附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。 I suppose that hes serious isnt he? I dont think she cares, does she? 10当陈述部分是并列句，附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如： Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldnt he? 11在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you, wont you, would you,有时也可用can you, cant you, why dont you, could you等。如： Dont open the door, will you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? Take a rest, why dont you? 但是，以lets开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句，如果含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内，疑问部分用will you。如： Lets have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you? 12当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustnt。如： You must work hard next term, mustnt you? I must answer the letter, mustnt I? 但若表推测这层含义时，不能用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构（即must之后的动词）以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如： You must have made a mistake, havent you? They must have seen the film last week, didnt they? He must be in the library, isnt he? 13当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usednt或didnt。如： The old man used to smoke, didnt he?或usednt he? Tom used to live here, usednt he?或didnt he? 14当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt。如： He ought to know the answer, oughtnt he? We ought to read this book, oughtnt we?或shouldnt we? 15当陈述部分含有had better时，疑问部分用had。 如：Youd better finish your homework now, hadnt you? 16感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时，且常用否定形式。如： What a clever boy, isnt he? What a lovely day, isnt it? 17陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时，疑问部分的主语通常用it。如： Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesnt it? Between six and seven will suit you, wont it? Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it? 18在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? Youll not go, wont you? 19陈述句中的谓语动词是wish，表示愿望时用may，且用肯定形式。如： I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I? 20当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have（has）时，疑问部分既可用have形式，也可用do形式。如： You have a new bike, havent you（或dont you）? She doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she? 巩固练习： 1.I dont think that the necklace is made of diamond,_? A. do I B. do you C. isnt it D. is it 2.His wife had the carpets and the curtains cleaned,_? A. hadnt B. had C. didnt she D. did she 3.Its my sons wedding next week, and I have to do my best for that,_? A. havent I B. dont I C. dont he D. isnt it 4.Harry wouldnt become a teacher if it hadnt been for the holiday, _? A. would he B. had it C. would it D. had he 5.No one left here yesterday,_? A. didnt they B. did they C. didnt one D. did one 6.Birds rarely build nests in our garden,_? A. dont they B. do they C. didnt they D. did they 7.You must have been to the Great Wall,_? A. mustnt you B. havent you C. arent you D. must you 8.learning how to repair motors takes a long time,_? A. doesnt it B. dont they C. does it D. do they 9.They must have stayed at home last night,_? A. mustnt they B. havent they C. didnt they D. must they 10.I feel like going to the cinema tonight,_? A. dont I B. dont you C. do I D. do you 11.Lets start out early tomorrow morning,_? A. shall we B. will you C. do you D. cant you 12.Theres not much news in todays newspaper,_? A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt there D. is there 13.They need our help badly at the mo