讲解-1英语语法句式变化.doc

英语语法(五)句式变化一、对划线部分进行提问分三步法第一步：分析划线部分的内容，能用那个疑问词（what, when, how, where, who, which, whose等）来代替。第二步：写下疑问词后，找句子中是否有be动词，有be动词的做相应的变化；没有be动词，用助动词do/does（已给句子是一般现在时），然后找句子中的主语，主语写下来后，找动词，注意必须用动词的原形，接着剩下部分照抄。第三步：划线部分不能照抄，注意标点。例句：I have a pen pal.1) 分析划线部分，是名词，选疑问词what；2) 写下what，找句中是否有be动词，没有be动词，选择助动词do/does；主语是I，选择助动词do, 主语I 改成you，动词have用原形。3) 注意标点，句号变成问号。4) 问句：What do you have?二、常见的对划线部分进行提问的题型1. 对主语提问对主语提问时，只需找出一个恰当的疑问词代替划线部分；句子的语序不变。（1）主语是人，用who代替。1）Miss Zhang teaches us English .Who teaches you English？2）Jim is a teacher.Who is a teacher？（2）主语是物用what 代替。1）My bike is under the tree.What is under the tree？2）The apple is red.What is red？3）There is a book in the bag.What is in the bag？（特殊事例 一般不用what is there 或what are there）2. 对谓语提问（或谓语和宾语提问）一般现在时的句子：例句1：He eats an apple.（1）do代替eat，what代替an apple；（2）写下疑问词，主语是he，无be动词，选用助动词does，动词原形用do；（3）问句：What does he do？例句2：She does her homework.（1）do代替does，what代替 homework；（2）写下疑问词，主语是she，无be动词，选用助动词does，动词原形用do（3）问句：What does she do?规则：在一般现在时中，对动词提问，用do代替划线动词；宾语用what代替；其句型结构是：What do/does . do？现在进行时例句：He is eating an apple.（1）doing代替eating；what代替an apple；（2）疑问词what，有be动词，写下is，主语是he，划线部分用doing来代替；（3）写下句子：What is he doing？规则： 在现在进行中，对动词提问，用doing代替划线动词； 宾语用what代替；其句型结构是：What is/aredoing？3. 一般将来时例句：He is going to eat an apple.（1）do代替eat；what代替an apple；（2）疑问词what写下，有be动词is, 主语he，照抄，be going to是短语继续写，动词eat原形是do；（3）写下句子：What is he going to do？规则：在一般将来中，对动词提问，用do代替划线动词。三、疑问词用法口诀：对物、人名、职业进行提问用what对地点提问用where对关系提问用who对价格提问用how much对几点几分提问用what time对不是表示几点几分的时间状语提问用when对年龄提问用how old对颜色提问用what color对身体状况提问用 how对人提问用who（主格）或whom（宾格）对出行方式状语提问用how对星期提问用what day对日期提问用what date对天气提问用what is the weather like？或how is the weather?对四季提问用what season 1.用来询问方式或手段。How are they going to Poland? 他们怎样去波兰？2.用来询问程度。How is your weekend? 周末过得怎样？3.用来打招呼、问候或询问身体情况。How are you? 你好。4.how old提问年龄。How old is Cindy? Cindy多大了？5.how much提问不可数名词的数量，还可用于提问价钱。How much milk do you want? 你要多少牛奶How much is your shirt? 你的衬衫多少钱？6.how many提问可数名词的数量，后接可数名词的复数。How many birds are there in the tree? 树上有几只鸟？7.how far 提问路程的距离。How far is the nearest post office? 最近的邮局有多远？8.how long提问时间的长短，还可用于提问物的长度。-How long did you stay in Guangdong? -Since two months ago.你在广东住了多长时间？ 大约两个月。How long is the river in front of my house? 我家门前的小河有多长？9.how often提问事情发生的频率。-How often does she go to the English club? -Once a week.她多久去一次英语俱乐部？每周一次。10.how soon提问多久之后，用于将来时。-How soon will you be back? -In two weeks. 你多久以后能回来？两个月后。11.how about用于提出建议或征求对方的意见，与what about一致，肯定回答可用OK/All right/Good idea等，否定回答可用Sorry并陈述理由。How about this blue bike? It is cheaper. 这辆蓝色的自行车怎么样？它便宜些。12.how heavy, how big, how tall, how high, how large等可依据形容词的意思译为“多.?”。How heavy is the big box? 这个大箱子多重？How large is your new house? 你的新房子多大？单项选择1. How many are there in the international village?A. Chinese B. Russian C. American2. _ is the bike? Just $ 150.A.How much B. How many C. How long D. How often3. How long has Eliza been a nurse?_A. Since 2002. B. Four years ago. C. In 2002.4. _do you help the old man with the housework?Once a week.A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How many5. You borrowed some money from me last year, Mr. Green Did I? _did you lend me?A. How many B