汉英翻译技巧与实践.doc

汉英翻译技巧与实践题型:按要求翻译句子（15*2）翻译下列句子 （15*2）翻译段落（4*10）主语的选择原文的形容词性成分作主语我的头疼得要命.My head aches badly.My head is killing me.I have a splitting headache.I have a terrible headache.I have a migraine.懒惰的人不会成功.A lazy person will never succeed.Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed.Laziness makes success impossible.这位母亲很为有个聪明漂亮的女儿而骄傲.The mother is very proud to have an intelligent and pretty daughter.The intelligence and beauty of the daughter makes her mother very proud.原文的名词性成分作主语一个星期前我 遇上了一件最不可思议的事情.I had the most incredible experience a week ago.I had the most inconceivable encounter a week ago.The most unbelievable thing happened to me a week ago.他突然发现地毯上有个深色斑点.He suddenly saw a dark stain on the carpet.A dark stain on the carpet caught his eye.A dark stain on the carpet suddenly attracted his attention.他两天就抽完一包烟.He finishes a pack of cigarettes in two days.A packet of cigarettes lasts him only two days.It takes him only two days to finish a pack of cigarettes.原文的副词性成分作主语因为天气太糟,我们未能成行.Because of poor weather, we did not go.Bad weather prevented us from going.Bad weather caused us to cancel/postpone our trip.在刚刚结束的 全运会上, 山东女子田径队有出色表现.The Shandong womens track and field team put on an excellent performance at Chinas just-completed National Games.Chinas just-completed National Games saw the outstanding performance by the Shandong womens track and field team.去年许多国家发生了严重的金融危机.Last year witnessed a serious financial crisis in many countries.原文的动词性成分作主语我见到他就恶心.Whenever I see him, I feel sick.I feel sick at the very sight of him.The very sight of him makes me sick.昨天他们表演得很成功.They performed very successfully yesterday.Their performance yesterday was a very huge success.昨天他们表演得很成功，引起了媒体的广泛关注。Their highly successful performance yesterday has attracted wide media attention.我从来没有那么想过.I have never thought like that.I have never had such a thought.The idea has never crossed my mind.The thought has never occurred to me.添加主语他今天的举止有些反常.His behavior is a bit unusual today.He is acting a bit odd today.There is something strange about his behavior today.新工作不见得比原先的工作要强.The new job will not necessarily be better than the old one.There is no guarantee that the new job will be better than the old one.只有缺乏经验的人才会犯这样的错误.Only an inexperienced person could have made such a mistake.Such a mistake can be made only by an inexperienced person.None but the inexperienced could have committed a mistake like that.None but the brave deserves the fair.词量的增减增词1.语义性增词感冒可以通过人的手进行传染.Flu can be spread by hand contacts.我们提倡顾全大局.We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.我们必须坚持改革开放.We must stick to the policy of reform and opening to the outside world增词2.语法性增词既然你不愿意做,我就不强迫你了.Since you dont want to do it, I wont force you to.如果你喜欢这块手表, 就拿去.If you like this watch, keep it.有的人去美国的目的是为了提高英语水平.The reason why some people go to the United States is to improve their English.在我国,人才培养存在着一些弊端.In our country, the practice of cultivating people has quite a few drawbacks.这些问题只能收费解决.These problems can be solved only by introduction of fees.你能告诉我为什么把物体向天上抛却会向地下落吗?Can you tell me the reason why things fall toward the ground when they are thrown out into the air.增词3.注释性增词班门弄斧Show off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.三个臭皮匠,顶一个诸葛亮.Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.减词1.减去范畴词上中学时, 他就显示出在写作方面的才能.While in middle school he was displaying /showing/demonstrating a talent for writing.空气污染问题必须在近几年内加以解决.Air pollution must be solved in the coming few years.我对他的家庭情况一无所知.I know nothing about his family.减词2.减去近义词他的生活水平改善了,但是身体状况并未改善.His living condition is improved, but his health is not.我们能够去掉不良作风, 保持优良作风.We can get rid of a bad style and keep the good.一个地区有一个地区的全局,一个国家有一个国家的全局.A region has its own overall interest and a nation has another.开拓者勇于改革,勇于探索,勇于创造.The pioneers were courageous enough to make reforms, to probe into new things and to make inventions.减词3.减去内容空洞的词花园里面是人间的乐园,有的是吃不了的大米白面,穿不完的绫罗绸缎,花不完的金银财宝.The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.减词4.减去冗余的词按照格林先生的说法,这个问题很微妙.According to Mr. Green, this is a very delicate problem.他们不知道自己能否适应没有父母在身边的生活.They didnt know whether they could adapt to the life without parents.我们从书本上学到了很多知识.We learn a lot from books.把年龄太小的孩子送入小学学习并不好.It is no good putting a very young child in a primary school.他想去试试,看看能不能举起来.He wanted to try if he could lift it up.Exercises你想看这本书,就先看吧.You may read the book first, since you are anxious to read it.中国总是要前进的.What ever happens, China will march on有人来电话, 你就说我12点回来.Whoever telephones, tell them I shall be back by 12 oclock.我们必须培养分析问题,解决问题的能力.We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.每条河都有上游,中游和下游.Every river has its upper, middle, and lower reaches.他把事情一五一十地都给父母讲了.He told his parents the whole story exactly as it had happened.遣词用句“吃”我特别爱吃生蒜。I am especially fond of raw garlic.他们现在不愁吃，不愁穿。They dont have to worry about food and clothing now.跟我们一起吃午饭吧！Join us for lunch!她挑挑拣拣的吃了一点。She picked at food.谢谢，我实在吃饱了 Thanks, Ive really had enough.为促进统一，就要有个适当的形式。To promote the reunification of the motherland, we must find a proper means.年迈的局长在会议中间睡着了。 The senile bureau chief nodded off in (the middle of) the conference.去长城的往返车票要十五元。A return ticket to the Great Wall costs fifteen yuan.近几年来，他们家的经济状况每况愈下。In recent years, his family has been going downhill financially.世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上来说，都是因为经济上不去。Basically, the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure to boost the economy.有条件的，自行车不想骑了，干脆就买一辆木兰。Those who can afford it will quit bicycles and arm themselves with a light motorcycle.当今只有少数几个国家有资格打世界大战Only a few countries can afford to fight a world war.宗教不得干预政治。It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.我们应当从这里得出一条经验，就是不要被假象所迷惑。We should draw a lesson here: Dont be misled by false appearance.你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触它才能知道。When you chance upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you dig it out肯定句与否定句肯定句译成否定句1.表达习惯不同一直到写完作业，他才出现。He didnt turn up until he finished his homework.一分耕耘，一分收获。No pains, no gains.2. 语气的需要同行是冤家。Two of a trade did never agree.走远点。Youd better not bother me.他们的成功简直是个奇迹。Their success are nothing short of (adv.除之外） miraculous.3.为了使原来隐含意义更加明确，更便于直接理解。他们很快完成了任务。They finished the task in no time.与其他人相比，他是位非凡的教授。As compared with others, he is no ordinary professor.4. 为使译文更精确。恐怕这些调查工作是白做了。Im afraid that these investigations are done for nothing.过马路时，越小心越好。You cant be too careful when you cross the street.否定句的翻译无事不登三宝殿No one comes to the Hall of the Trinity without a reason.不到黄河心不死Until all is over ambition never dies.他根本不是当画家的料。He is anything but a painter.要不是你帮忙，我们无法按时完成任务。But for your help, we would not have finished the task on time.否定句译成肯定句1. 汉语的否定词无否定意义。这块地里的麦子长得不大离儿。The wheat on this field is pretty good.2. 语气委婉而含蓄。小姐，我劝您别管闲事。Young lady, youd better mind your own business.天无绝人之路。Every cloud has a silver lining.3.英语有更简练而恰当的表达法。油漆未干。Wet paint.人不可貌相。Beauty is but skin deep.贾母又叫：“请姑娘们。今日远客来了，可以不去上学去。”“Fetch the girls,” her grandmother said. “They can be excused their lessons today in honor of our guest from far away.”Exercises 工作得越细心越好。One can never be too careful in ones work.无风不起浪。No smoke without fire.这件事他确实是一无所知。He was really in the dark about the matter.这是件正经事。Its no joke.少管闲事。Dont poke your nose into others business.分译与合译主语变换处分译四周没有灯火，那座祠堂也睡着了。No lamps shone around. The clan temple was also asleep从主语变换处合译，常出现主从句对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am the king.企业宣传资料的翻译（广告）Corporate promotional material这些女士衬衣系采用上等纯丝制成，价格公道，工艺精湛，设计独特。Our silk blouse are made of pure silk of best quality. They are moderate in price, excellent in craftsmanship and unique in designs.英语老师责任： -根据英国教育体制来处理英语教学。 要求： -大学学历以及主修英语或者师范大学英语程度之上。 -求知欲强烈，富有创造性，心胸开阔。 -理解力强并能尊重不同文化的差异。(热烈欢迎应届毕业生申请这个位置.)英语老师责任： -根据英国教育体制来处理英语教学。English TeacherResponsibility:-Conduct English teaching according to British education system.要求：-大学学历以及主修英语或者师范大学英语程度之上。Requirements:-University degree and above in English major or normal English.-求知欲强烈，富有创造性，心胸开阔。-Eager to learn and open-minded with creativity.-理解力强并能尊重不同文化的差异。(热烈欢迎应届毕业生申请这个位置.)-With deep understanding and respect for different cultures.(Warmly welcome the fresh graduates to apply for this position.)诚聘工程管理助理责任： -为重庆的工程提供服务。 -日常工作上为工程经理提供帮助。 -负责文件管理，为学员和家长们提供客户服务。要求： -大学程度及以上学位。 -英语和计算机技能良好。 -在国际机构组织中有过相关的工作经验。 -耐心，仔细，起配角作用。具有强烈的团队工作精神。诚聘工程管理助理责任： -为重庆的工程提供服务。 -日常工作上为工程经理提供帮助。 -负责文件管理，为学员和家长们提供客户服务。WantedProject Management AssistantResponsibility:-Provide service for the project in Chongqing.-Provide assistance to the project manager for everyday work.-Responsible for file management, customer service for students and parents要求： -大学程度及以上学位。 -英语和计算机技能良好。 -在国际机构组织中有过相关的工作经验。 -耐心，仔细，起配角作用。具有强烈的团队工作精神。Requirements:-College degree and above-Good English and computer skills.-Related working experience in the international organization.-Patient, careful, supportive with strong team work spirit.Exercises 每次我们竞赛，你总赢。（雅马哈电子琴广告） Every time we compete, you win.有了Rainchetah牌雨衣，你就可以与雨嬉戏。Catch the Rainchetah and cheat the rain.安全驾驶-救人即救己。Double Star Takes you Afar.中华铅笔品质优良，书写润滑，美观大方。Smooth and beautiful, Zhonghua high quality pencils.方便旅行，到达平安。（箱包广告）Smooth trip, smooth arrival.该厂能生产大衣、西装、时装、衬衣、毛衣等不同类型服装用的上千个花色品种纽扣，产品规格齐全、品种繁多、造型新颖。The factory can produce various new types of buttons in thousands of different designs for coats, suits, fashions, shirts and sweaters. 招聘秘书要求女性，二年相关工作经验，打字准确，英语口语流利，熟悉计算机语言。我们将为录用者提供丰厚的薪水、五天工作及医疗保险。有意者请将申请连同个人简历、工资要求、联系电话及近照一张发送至邮箱.Secretary WantedFemale. 2 years relevant experience. Accurate typing. Good command of spoken English. Good knowledge of computer. We offer attractive salary, five days work and medical insurance for the right candidates. Interested parties please apply with full resume, expected salary, contact telephone number and recent photo to .Exercises 如果经常使用，能使你的皮肤变得柔软，湿润和富有弹性。芬芳的香味将给你带来一丝乡村的清新。（护肤霜）Regular use will soften, moisturize and enhance your skin. The delicate fragrance will add a touch of country freshness.放置冰箱的地方需有良好的通风条件。上面至少有10厘米空间，后面有1厘米空隙，两侧各有2厘米，以便空气流通。冰箱四周空隙太小时，会导致工作性能下降并增加耗电。（冰箱）Select a well ventilated通风的place. Provide at least 10cm over top, 1cm at rear and 2cm at both sides for proper air circulation. An insufficient gap around the refrigerator will decrease its performance and result in higher electrical bills.如无必要，勿使冰柜门打开过长的时间。（冷冻柜）Do not keep the door open any longer than necessary.小孩使用本设备时必须注意看管。（微波炉）As with any appliance, close supervision is necessary when used by children.如发现走时明显变慢，声音变小或无声，表明电池已用完，应及时更换。（电子闹钟）Slow timing, weak or no sound are signs of power fade. Renew the battery.为保持饼干松脆，在开封后请把产品重新封好或存放于密封罐内。（饼干）To keep the biscuits crisp, re-seal the package after opening or store in an air-tight container.开袋后，密封保存并放入冰箱冷藏。（干杏仁）After opening, store in tightly sealed container and refrigerate.本品是传统医药验方，选用纯正中药材，用最新科学方法炼制而成。（中成药）This product is prepared from the selected Chinese medicinal materials, and refined with modern scientific methods on basis of the proved recipe of traditional Chinese medicine.虾剪去须脚，在背部剖开，挑肠线成双飞状，洗净沥干水份，待用。（菜谱）Trim the prawns. Cut from the back and remove the intestine. Split into half. Wash and drain. Set aside. 七巧板源于19世纪的中国，七巧板是讲求创意和幻想的玩意。用线条简单的七小块几何图形，就可以拼出不同的图案，加上你的想象力，前所未有的创作便活现眼前。Tangram PuzzleOriginated in China in the 19th century, this is a puzzle that requires imagination and creativity. You can imitate shapes out of seven pieces of simple outlines or make new and wonderful shapes.新闻报道的翻译News两个多小时的演出让观众余兴未尽，演出结束时，观众报以长时间的热烈掌声。The audience gave the performers long and warm applauses when the two-hour opera was over.中国移动还表示3月15日之前他们每天大约收到4000条关于垃圾短信的投诉。根据该公司最近的一项报告显示，上述投诉量已减少到每天2000条，但是该公司没有透露具体下降情况。China Mobile said it had received about 4,000 complaints each day over spam messages before March 15. A statement from the company reported the number of daily complaints has now decreased to 2,000, but did not provide details on the reduction.spam message “垃圾短信”spam :unwanted e-mail (usually of a commercial nature sent out in bulk) “垃圾邮件”生活中很多unwanted信息都可以被称作“spam”。“猪肉罐头”Spam. V.“发送垃圾邮件”E.g.垃圾邮件是最遭人痛恨的因特网产物。Spam is the most hated product of the Internet.如今，杂货铺里都不怎么卖猪肉罐头了。Nowadays, you can not easily find spam in a grocery.Answers to chapter 4据报道 it is reported据报道 according to a report by.援引 的报道: was quoted as saying据统计 according to statistics released by 透露 : disclosed / revealed that据证实 as confirmed新华社 Xinhua News Agency在讲这番话的 : made the remark when中国与俄罗斯在联合国共同向裁军谈判会议全体会议提交草案，建议制定新的国际条约，禁止使用太空武器。China and Russia submitted to a UN-sponsored disarmament conference a joint proposal for an international treaty to ban the deployment of weapons in outer space.这里，太空武器表达为“weapons in outer space”, 简化说法为“space arms”，部署太空武器表达为“deployment of weapons in outer space”。在今年春晚，由众多影视和娱乐明星表演的诗歌朗诵节目温暖2008鼓舞了民族士气，歌颂了雪灾赈灾义举。An epic - Warm 2008 - praising disaster-relief efforts, was penned by leading poets to boost national morale. It was expressively recited and movingly performed by famous artists, TV anchors and entertainment stars in Spring Festival evening gala on China Central Television (CCTV) on Wednesday night.Gala 一词作名词用时，意为“欢庆，特别演出，表示欢庆的演出”She starred at a fund-raising gala.她是筹款义演中的主角。gala adj.“欢庆的；欢乐的” a gala night中央气象台发布暴雪橙色预警，预计周五（1日）晚到周六（2日）我国中部、东部、南部地区将有新一轮强降雪。The National Meteorological Center issued an orange alert, saying snow and sleet will sweep across central, eastern and southern regions from Friday night through Saturday.橙色预警表达为orange alert, 为暴雪预警信号里面强度第二的警报。暴雪预警信号分五级，由弱到强分别用绿色green、蓝色blue、黄色yellow、橙色orange、红色red表示。alert 警报，警惕恐怖威胁预警 terror alert华东师范大学体育与健康学院副院长李小英介绍说，硕博连读通常要花6年时间，刘翔的情况比较特殊，他只要修完课程，学习年限并不是最关键的问题。李小英介绍说因为刘翔忙于比赛和训练，华师大将特意安排老师去莘庄训练基地为他授课。硕博连读successive postgraduate and doctoral programs of study单独授课face-to-face lessons保研postgraduate recommendation研究生入学考试为 postgraduate qualification exam Li Xiaoying, vice-president of the School of Sports and Health Care (SSHC) at East China Normal University, said The successive postgraduate and doctoral programs of study will usually take six years, but the time is not a problem for Liu Xiang as long as he can finish and pass all the courses, because he is a special student. ”“We know Liu has to spend most of his time in the training base. So we will send his teachers the Shanghai Xinzhuang training base to give him lessons individually, Li added.胡锦涛指出，台湾任何政党，只要承认两岸同属一个中国，我们都愿意同他们交流对话、协商谈判，什么问题都可以谈。我们愿以最大诚意、尽最大努力实现两岸和平统一，绝不允许任何人以任何名义任何方式把台湾从祖国分割出去。The mainland is ready to hold exchanges, dialogues, consultations and negotiations with any political party in Taiwan on any issue as long as it recognizes that both sides of the Straits belong to one and the same China, Hu said.He also vowed to make every effort with the utmost sincerity to achieve peaceful reunification. We will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any name, or by any means.“粮价涨，百价涨，”国家发展改革委员会副主任朱之鑫说。因此，在预测中国的物价趋势的时候，他认为中国的物价会维持在一个高位，但消费者物价指数增长会放缓。The rise of foodstuff prices may lead all the other commodities to follow suit“跟着做，随之 , NDRC Vice-Minister Zhu Zhixin said. He made a cautious forecast that Chinas price level would remain high and that the growth rate would slow down.截至9月底，全国基本养老保险、基本医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险参保人数分别达到19676万人、18896万人、11473万人、11530万人和7327万人。The number of Chinese covered by insurance against old age, medical problems, unemployment, work injuries and childbirth reached 196.76 million, 188.96 million, 114.73 million, 115.3 million and 73.27 million, respectively, by the end of last month (September).基本养老保险、基本医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险可以说“insurance against old age, medical problems, unemployment, work injuries and childbirth”养老保险“endowment insurance”, 医疗保险“medicalinsurance”，失业保险“unemployment insurance”，工伤保险“work injury insurance”，生育保险“childbirth insurance”。交通协管员由北京市公安局公安交通管理局招录和管理。他们的年龄大多在四五十岁。虽然他们的工作看似简单，但是他们为维护首都的交通秩序做出了很大的贡献。在绿灯亮的90秒内，有交通协管员的时候，40辆车可以通过十字路口，没有交通协管员的时候只能通过15辆。The traffic police assistants are recruited and managed by Beijing Traffic Management Bureau. They mostly age in their 40s and 50s and as simple as their job may seem, these people are playing a major role in maintaining the capitals traffic order.During the green light, which lasts about 90 seconds, about 40 vehicles can pass the crossroad with an assistant keeping the order. Without the assistants, only about 15 vehicles can pass the crossroad.到目前为止，北京市人口已经突破1700万，距离北京市政府设定的2020年1800万人口的目标仅差100万。其中，1204多万人持有北京户口，其余510多万为流动人口。Beijing is bulging as its population has exceeded 17 million, only 1 million to go to reach the ceiling the city government has set for 2020.The figure breaks down into 12.04 million holders of Beijing hukou, or household registration certificates including 5.1 million floating population.暂住证”temporary residency permits 政府呼吁简化外来人口办理暂住证的流