英语动词时态(S).doc

英 语 动 词 时 态（豫英实验学校预初英语备课组整理200710）一、英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种动词形式称作动词时态。动作或状态发生的时间可以有现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种，而发生的方式也有一般、进行、完成和完成进行四种（即初中英语的八种时态）。动词时态behavedo一般现在时I amI/You/We/They have I/You/We/They work He/She isHe/ She/Alice hasHe/She/Alice worksWe/You/They are现在进行时havedoI am havingI am working He/She is havingHe/ She/ Alice is workingYou/We/They are havingYou/We/They are working现在完成时behavedoI/You/We/They have beenI/You/We/They have hadI/You/We/They have workedHe/ She/Alice has beenHe/ She/Alice has hadHe/ She/Alice has worked一般过去时behavedoI/He/She/Alice wasI/You/We/They/ He/ She/Alice hadI/You/We/They/ He/ She/Alice workedWe/You/They were过去进行时havedoI/He/She/Alice was havingI/He/She/Alice was workingWe/You/They were havingWe/You/They were working过去完成时behavedoI/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice had beenI/You/We/They/He/ She/Alicehad hadI/You/We/They/ He/ She/AliceHad worked一般将来时behavedoI/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice will be(I/We shall be)I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice will have(I/We shall have)I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice will work (I/We shall worked)过去将来时I/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice would beI/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice would haveI/You/We/They/He/ She/Alice would work二、八种时态具体分析：1、 一般现在时态：a. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作b. 现在的特征或状态c. 普遍真理d. 有些表示状态和感觉的动词。如：be, love, like, hate, want, hope, need, prefer, wish, know, understand, remember, believe, guess, belong, seem, look, have, sound, sound, taste，smell, touch, feel等常可用于一般现在时态。e. 表示未来的时间状语从句或条件状语从句用一般现在时态。f. 一般现在时态还用在布告、天气预报、报纸、电台。（says）掌握一般现在时态，还请记住下列单词或词语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (morning, week), every other day每隔一天every three days, once (twice) a week (month, year), in the morningg. 表示按计划或时刻要发生的事情2、 一般将来时态：a. 表示将要发生的动作或情况。b. 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事情。掌握一般将来时态的用法，请记住下列单词和短语。In three days (an hour, half a year), next week (Monday, month), tomorrow, this afternoon (evening, coming Saturday-)，soon, some day, tonight, 等等。3、 一般过去时：a. 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（惯性的动作）b. 在谈到已死人的情况时多用过去时态。c. 有些情况，发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生过的，应当用过去时态。（1） 接到你的信很高兴。I was glad to get your letter.（2） 最后的比分怎么样？What was the final score?（3） 你觉得他们的表演怎么样？How did you like their performance?（4） 我没想到你这样忙。I didnt know you were so busy（5） 我以为你出去了。I thought you were out.（6） 我没想到在这里碰到你。I didnt expect to meet you here.（7） 你说什么？What did you say?掌握一般过去时态的用法，请记住下列单词或短语：last + 时间点；时间段 + ago； yesterday, just now,the other day (前几天)4、 过去将来时：表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。5、 现在进行时：a. 表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。b. 在不少情况下，表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子，并没有“正在”这样的字，在翻译英语时必须用进行时态。例：(1) 工作进行的怎么样？How are you getting on with your work?(2) 风挺大（下雨了）Its blowing hard. (raining)(3) 你等谁？Who(m) are you waiting for?c. 在一般现在时态中所列的表示状态和感觉的动词，一般不能用于进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作，但是如果词义转变，表示一个正在进行的动作，就能够用于进行时态。试比较：表示状态或感觉表示正在进行的动作Do you see anyone over here?Are you seeing someone off？I hear someone singing.Are you feeling well today?What do you think of it？What are you thinking about？He looks well today.He is looking after his little sister.d. 去向性动词的现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作。但这仅限少量动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return等e. 在there和here引起的句子中，常可用一般现在时态代替现在进行时态： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.汽车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.铃声响了。f. 在某些情况下, 两种时态都可以。（1） Dose your leg hurt? (Is your leg hurting) 腿疼吗？（2） My back aches. (My back is aching) 我背疼。6、 过去进行时：a. 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作：b. 过去进行时和一般过去时的差别是前者表示正在进行的动作，而后者表示一个完成的动作。例： （1）I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说（可能没有看完） （2）I read a novel last night. 昨晚我看了一本小说。（可能看完了）7、 现在完成时：表示现刻以前发生的动作或情况，可以是：a. 到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况（可能是多次动作的总和，也可以表示状态和习惯性动作）b. 对现状有影响的某一发生的动作。c. 但有一个表示过去某时的状语（包括when）时，不能用现在完成时，而多用一般过去时。d. 当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时，多用现在完成时。e. 在有already, yet, just, ever, never, since-, for + 一段时间，by now, in the past (last) few years, so far, 强调“多少”，“多久”等词的情况下用现在完成时f. 在单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉及其他对象的影响时，通常用一般现在时；如果谈论一件已经发生的事情，不考虑它是何时发生的，而主要考虑对现在的影响，则多用现在完成时。例：Did you get up very early？你起来的早吗？Has he got up? 他起来了吗？注意：have been to 去过某个地方，已返回 have gone to 去某个地方了 have been in 去了某地多久（在某地多久）8、 过去完成时：a. 表示过去某时前已经发生的动作或情况（也可以说是“过去的过去”）b. 在很多情况下没有明显的时间状语，时间由上下文表示出来，这是过去完成时表示的动作较另一动作先发生。c. 应当记住，过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去。只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它。在包含when, as soon as, before, until, now, that等连词的复合句中，如果主要谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是在不同时间发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时。但如果两个动作紧接着发生，则通常不用过去完成时。特别是在包含before和after的复合句中。三、时态综合练习：1. _ the actor _ (speak) German well? 2. The old lady _ (go) home from the supermarket when I saw her the other day. 3. He _ (lend) you this calculator as soon as he _(finish) his maths exercises. 4. The train _ (come), can you _(see) it? 5. He _ (tell) me that he_ (go) to see his twins in Beijing the next Saturday. 6. Sorry. I _ (keep) you _ (wait) so long.7. Dont let the little girl_ (go) alone. Its too late. 8. He_ (walk) with a camera in the street when I_ (see) him yesterday. 9. She _ (not write) a report at 2:00 yesterday afternoon. She _(write) a letter to her parents. 10. My aunt _(travel) a lot last year. 11. When the people in Athens _ (learn) the good news,they_ (be) proud of themselves. 12. Dick _(jump) into a large hole as soon as he _(see) the bear.13.The ship _just_ (return) from the South Pole. The scientists _ (collect) much information. 14. I _ (receive) his letter since last year. 15. How many times _ he _ (read) the book.? 16. He _ (live) in the north for three years. Now he_(be) used to cold weather. 17. Mother _ already _(buy) a bottle of Shampoo, but she _ (not got) any drinks yet. 18. They_ (go) camping if they _ (be) free tomorrow. 19. Close your books. I _ (ask) you some questions. 20. We _ (leave) secondary school in a month. 21. I_ (not see) you for a long time. Where _ you _(be)?22. We _(make) friends since we began to study at middle school. 23. Look! The students of Class Three _ (have) a test in computer science. 24. The summer holiday_ (come) soon. The students_(think) of traveling. 25. Where _ (be) your monitor? He _ (read) in the classroom. 26. Listen! Who_ (sing)? 27. Where _ (be) Liping? He_ (go) home. 28. We _ (plant) trees in spring every year. 29. Mary _already _ _ (finish) her work. Now she is playing the violin. 30. My sister teaches in a mountain village. She _ (work) very hard. 31. Many people in the world _ (speak) English fluently.32. Everyone_ (enjoy) the Spring Festival especially the children. 33. I _ (see) Mr and Mrs Green off at the airport tomorrow. 34.The students _ (borrow)books from the library once a week. 35. He _ (write) a report for the newspaper last night. 36. We _ (build) a new big theatre next month. 37. It was eight in the evening. Xiaoling _ (do) his homework. 38. Light _ (travel) more quickly than sound does. 39. If he _ (forget) to bring his key, he wont be able to get into the room.40. I _ (throw) the broken glass away already. 41. Its quarter to eight. The students _ (hurry) to school. 42. We _ _(visit) Shanghai Car Show this coming Sunday. _you _ (join) us? ( 1 )not be use reach go leave pull1. The doctor_ out my bed tooth just now. 2. Rose _here now. Perhaps she _ to the school library. 3. When they _the station yesterday, the train _ already _. 4. We often _ a recorder in our English class. ( 2 )touch, come, ring, not start, be, tell 1. They promised (答应) they_ more careful the next time. 2. Computers _the life of everyone in the coming future.3. The meeting_ until the headmaster _.4. He _ me he would come back soon. 5. Listen! The bell_. ( 3 )have, draw, not rain , be, travel1. Keep silent! The students _ an English lesson. 2. This time last year Tom and Jack _ in Europe. 3. Its a sunny day again! It _ for quite a long time. 4. There _ no one in the reading room a few minutes ago. 5. The foreign friends watched the children _ pictures with great interest. (4)be run finish get visit travel1. Mary _ doing her homework already. 2. Mr White _ Pudong New Area soon. 3. The workers_ the factory at that time. 4. The machines _ on show for a month.5. Sound _340metres a second in the air. 6. He often _ up early when he was a boy. (5)help call be rain not come do draw carry not be go1. Mike _ me with my physics tonight. But I dont know why he hasnt come yet. 2. It _ hard when he _ me up. 3. Mike and Johns room _ over there. 4. -What _ you _ a moment ago?-I_ a picture a moment ago. 5. Liping and Zhonghua usually _water for Grandma Wang in the afternoon. 6. The youngest girl _ here. I dont know where she _. (6)be sing work enjoy do come sleep make1