短文改错技能及应用.doc

短文该错技能及应用一、试题的特点：1、 该题全文长度在130160词之间，整体难度较大，直接针对学生的薄弱环节，是对学生普遍错误的“浓缩”。2、 没有错误的句子一般为10%，多一词、缺一词的分别为15%，错一词的为60%左右。3、 题目设计灵活，知识层次多，覆盖面广，错误包括拼写、词法、句法、语篇结构、行文逻辑，错误之处涉及名词、冠词、连词、介词、形容词、副词、代词、动词时态、非谓语动词等。二、解题步骤：1、 首先要通读全文，了解文章的内容和意义。2、 仔细阅读，逐行检查，注意以下几个方面；1）主谓是否一致；2）名词的数、格是否一致；3）动词的时态、语态与语篇上下文是否一致；4）非谓语动词在句中的结构是否正确；5）连接词、关系代词或关系副词的用法是否正确；6）代词的用法是否正确，如人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、关系代词等；it在指代关系上的使用，以及在形式主语或形式宾语中是否遗漏等；7）搭配结构是否完整；8）行文逻辑方面：逻辑意义与逻辑关系内在的一致问题，在通晓全篇意思的基础上判断和发现用词是否恰当准确；词性转换要根据词语前后的修饰关系来确定是哪种词类，并且拼写要准确；3、 复读全文：将各行所改正的答案放入文中读一遍，依靠语法知识和综合运用语言知识的能力，凭语感来核实答案是否正确；如发现有语句不畅，不和逻辑，则应重新修改。4、 写清写准符号，并在右边横线上正确拼写修正后的单词。三、错题类型（1）错词更正：识别和修正这些错误需从整体篇章结构的情况去把握，同时提高辩误能力。例1、（主谓一致）Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. _例2、（时态）I had always wanted to return to the village after moving awayand it is really great to see most of my old friends again. _例3、（搭配）I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. _例4、（语态） Books may be keep for four weeks. _例5、（名词复数）We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. _例6、（代词）The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. _例7、（形容词） I am sure well have a wonderfully time together. _例8、（关系代词）My name is Li Hua, I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. _例9、（逻辑）We need another room. Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. _例10、（动名词、固定搭配）I look forward to hear from you soon. _下面短文的每一行均有一词需纠正。Airplanes are slow driving me mad. I live near an _airport and passed planes can be heard night and _day. The airport was built during the war, but for the _reason it could not be used then. Last year, therefore, _it came to use. Over a hundred people must have _been driven away from their home by the noise, I am _one of the few people leaving. Sometimes I think _this house will be knocked down by the passing plane. _I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, _and I am determined to stay there. _(2)、多词删除：多词现象多指结构上的多余部分和重复部分，还包括意义相同的词重叠。所涉及的词比较广泛，如连词、介词、冠词、代词、副词等。例1、（时态）If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. _例2、（介词）How people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital if they are ill? _例3、（关联词）I also enjoyed the evening when we spent together. _ 例4、（副词）As a result people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. _例5、（副词）I never know that a ride down a river could be so much exciting. _例6、（不定代词）I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. _例7、（不定式）,and let you to know when the book you want has been returned _例8、（意思重叠）Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to an American family. _例9、（习语）In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. _例10、（意思重叠）First, let me tell you something more about myself. _下面短文中每一行均多一词：Tues, January1. FineFrom today on and I shall keep my diary in English for _the sake of taking practice, I shall write a few things _in the simple English before going to bed. I may not _show it to anyone, not even show to my parents, but _I will write as much carefully as if whatever _I write were to appear beautifully in tomorrows papers. _As I shall always try to write honestly and delightfully, so _I hope that my diary will be interesting to read it _if it ever gets published. If that so, it is possible _that it will be called “The Daily Diary of a Student”. _（3）、缺词补漏：缺词现象多由结构成分短缺所致，比如：名词前缺少冠词；动词不定式前缺少小品词“to”；动词谓语组成部分缺漏；习惯用语中结构不完整；有些句式结构中指代部分缺漏等。例1、（被动结构）and let you know when the book you wanthas returned and is ready for you to pick up. _ 例2、（冠词结构）Good health is persons most valuable possession. _例3、（冠词）There is public library in every town in Britain. _ 例4、（介词）When I have free time, I go a long walk. _例5、（不定式结构）The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. _例6、（不定式结构）I had always wanted return to the village. _例7、（be+adj.结构）They eager to know everything about China. _例8、（不定式结构）Id like to your penfriend, and get to know more about your country. _下面短文的每一行均有一词缺漏：A library is place to find out about almost anything. _A person just needs a library card borrow a book to _be taken home today. The person goes the main _desk to have a library helper to check the book. The _helper prints the card with the date which the book _must be returned to the library. When the book returned _late, the person must usually pay money having broken _the rule. Books in a library put in a certain order _to help people find they want. _四、高考英语短文改错三原则1、错误以改动最少为原则：这是指每行最多只能改动一处，即在一个词上进行改动。可以是增词、减词、改词，但无论是何种改动，只能是增加一词，减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。没有错误的一行只需打勾表明正确而无需改动。2、实词以改变形式为原则：在改错中，实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式，而不能改变其词义也不能改换成另一个实词，更不能随便给添删。例如：. Would you mind do me a favour? 析此处考查mind后面应该跟动词的V-ing形式。但有些学生把mind给删去了，使原句成为Would you do me a favour? 这样改虽然纠正了语法错误，但是句子的语气却变得很不委婉，故不是正确答案。 . Imsurewellhaveawonderfullytimetogether.析把wonderfully改为wonderful。wonderfully是副词，不能作定语。有些学生把wonderfully改为good，这样虽然意思上对了，但是却削弱了语气。3、原意以保持不变为原则： 一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则，即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系。只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正，且要小改而不大改。例如：Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveincleanersurroundings.析去掉to。因为and连接的是三个并列的谓语动词know，have和live。部分学生误将and去掉而保留了to，toliveincleanersurroundings成了目的状语。这样改，从语法角度看是正确的，但是句子的结构和意义却变了，故不是正确答案。ThatswhyAmericansgetuneasywhenalistenerissilenceandshowsnochangeofexpression.析silence改为silent。学生对silence前加介词构成insilence短语很熟悉，所以一看此处silence前无介词in，即判断为少介词in，但忽略了介词短语insilence相当于副词silently，表示“安静地，无声地”，多用作状语，修饰动词。而此处应把silence改为相应的形容词silent，silent与前面的系动词is构成系表结构，表示状态。五、练习：The day before the speech contest（比 赛）English 1._ teacher talked to me. She said that she and my classmate all 2._wished me success, but it didnt matter that I would 3._win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so 4._nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people 5._present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my Engl