情态动词与助动词.doc

日期： 老师： 第 页，共 页 （教案） 适合于各个阶段小升初的学生明灯教育小升初英语You have to believe in yourself. Thats the secret of success. 人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。 Charles Chaplin卓别林重点单词回顾：train bikeplanecarJeepshipon footbusSubway doorfloorwall情态动词与助动词1、 目标大纲：了解情态动词与助动词 学会使用情态动词与助动词2、 知识要点1. 概念：情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。Eg: He can speak English. 他能说英语。We must go now. 我们现在必须走。助动词本身没有词义，只能和主要动词连在一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问和其他语法上的特征。Eg:I dont like football. 我不喜欢足球。Will you go with me ? 你和我一块去吗?2. 情态动词的种类：can,could,may,might,must,need,和should。一般情况下，情态动词后跟动词原形。 Eg:You should study hard. 你应该努力学习。 May I come in. 我能进来吗。3. 情态动词的用法1) Can的用法1 表示“能力”。Eg:I can ride bike. 我能骑自行车。He can drink a bottle of wine. 他能喝一瓶酒。2 表示“允许”。Eg:You can go now.你现在可以走了。Can I come in? 我能进来吗?Attention:can和be able to 都可以表示“能力”的意思，只是be able to 有更多的时态形式。Eg: I was able to swim when I was five. 我五岁就会游泳了。2) could 的用法1 表示“能力”或“可能性”，是can的过去式。Eg:Could you understand ?We could buy a lot of things before.2 表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度。Eg: How could she so happy? 她怎么会这么开心?3 表示语气的委婉。Eg:Could you please tell me the way to hospital?你能告诉我去医院这么走吗?3) may可以用来表示是否“可以”。Eg:May I take my cat to the classroom?Might 是may 的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事，有些时候可以代替may。Eg: I might be wrong.You might say it out.Attention:回答由may提的问题，多避免用may这个词，而用其他方式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。Eg: May I smoke here?Yes, please. 请抽吧。Please dont.请不要抽。No,you mustnt 不行。4) must 表示必须要做的事。Eg:I must go.Attention:在回答由must引起的问题时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustnt，而需要用neednt或dont have to,因为mustnt 是“一定不要”的意思（常译为“不能”）Eg:Must we send in our plan this week? 计划必须这星期交吗?Yes,you must. 这星期必须交。No,you neednt. 不必交。4. 助动词的种类：have,shall,will,do.这些动词一般没有词义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，或者构成疑问句和否定形式。5. 助动词的用法1) have的用法1 构成完成时态Eg:I have been a student for 6 years. 我已经上六年级了。2 后接动词不定式，表示“不得不”的意思Eg:The doctor has to stay in hospital.医生不得不留在医院。2) shall的用法1 构成将来时态Eg:What shall you do next?2 表示“征求意见”时，用于第一人称和第三人称。Eg:What shall we do then?然后我们改怎么办?Shall I open the door?我能把门打开吗?3) will的用法1 构成将来时Eg:I will buy some books tomorrow.They will help you.2 用于疑问句，表示请求邀请Eg:Will you come here,please?4) should 的用法1 构成过去时态，是shall的过去式，用于第一人称。Eg:I said I should be free tonight. 我说我今晚有空。2 表示“应该”Eg:You should treat your parents well.5) would 的用法1 构成过去将来时，是will的过去式Eg:They said they would be there. 他们说他们会在那里。2 表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法Eg:What would you like to eat? 你想吃点什么?3、 实战演练（1） 单项选择1. _ you ready?(A)Are (B) Have (C) Will (D) Can2. _ here early?(A)Will he (B) Was he (C)Did he be (D) Were he3. I _ happy about the price of eggs. (A) amt (B) am not (C)do not (D) wont4. Since last year I_ him only once.(A) have seen (B) have been seeing (C)see (D) was seeing5. Donald _ sixteen tomorrow. (A) is being (B) going to be (C) shall be (D) will be6. I _ the story at all. (A) dont like (B) like(C)am fond of(D) would like7. I would rather _ than play now. (A) to study (B)am studying(C)study(D) studied8. Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being.(A)do (B) didnt do(C)dont (D) didnt9. The car_much money.(A) not cost (B) not have cost (C)isnt cost (D) didnt cost10. I _ like to eat fish. （A）am (B) have (C) do (D) be11. _ you tell me what has happened? (A) May (B) Must (C) Can (D) Could12. Anne_tomorrow.(A) can sing (B) can to sing (C) is going sing (D) going to sing13. You_hand it in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow.(A) neednt (B) may not (C)cant (D) must not14. Joan_play on Saturday. (A) going to (B) can (C) is going (D) can to15. That must be a mistake. No it a mistake.(A) must not be (B) neednt be (C) cannot be (D) would not be16. You _ be more careful next time. (A)have to(B) may(C) must(D) had to17. What_for you?(A) shall I do (B) I may do (C)can I do (D) must I do18. _ I water the trees on Tuesday? No, you neednt.(A) Can (B) Must (C)May (D) Shall19. I _finish this before I go.(A) must (B) do (C) may (D) shall20. The meeting begins at eight oclock. We _ be late.(A) mustnt (B) neednt (C)may not (D) can not强化练习1 Did your brother break the window? He _ have done it.(A) will not (B) is (C) may (D)can2 May we in the halls?(A) smoke (B) will smoke (C) to smoke (D) smoking3 Im not sure that Ill go to the concert. I _ go.(A) may (B) did (C)did not (D) am4 Since it is already midnight, _.(A) had better leaving (B)ought to have leave (C) should take our leave(D) might as well leave5 She doesnt answer the doorbell. She_be asleep.(A) ought to (B) might (C) must have (D) should6 Our teacher had one strict rule. She said that all the students_to class on time.(A) came (B) might come (C) must come (D) must have come7 _ I ask your name?(A) Can (B)Could (C) Should (D)Might8 _ you be happy!(A) May (B) Can (C) Must (D) Would9 John studied hard that he_ the examination.(A) will pass (B) may pass (C) passes (D) would pass10 Must we come tomorrow? _ .”(A) No, you cant (B) No, you neednt (C)No, you must (D) No, you may11 Must I go with you? No, you _.(A) mustnt (B) cant (C) neednt (D) may not12 You_ lesson, though we have it on Thursday.(A)mustnt.neednt (B) neednt .mustnt (C) mustnt.mustnt (D) neednt. needn