现在完成时的构成.doc

【现在完成时的构成】助动词have / has + 过去分词I have just cleaned my clothes 我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示：在现在完成时的各种结构中，have, has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。【现在完成时的句式】 1. 否定句式： havent （hasnt）过去分词.”。如： I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。 2. 一般疑问句：Have（Has）+主语+过去分词.？ 如： Have you finished the work？你已经做完这项工作了吗？ Yes, I have. 是的，我已经做完了。（No, I havent. 不，我还没有做完。） Has she arrived here？她已经到这儿了吗？ Yes, she has. 是的，她已经到了。（No, she hasnt. 不，她还没有到这儿。） 3. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have（has）+主语+过去分词.？如： How many times have you been to the Great Wall？你去过长城几次？ 友情提示：肯定句中有some, already时，改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。如： I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。 I havent finished my homework yet. (否定句) Have you finished your homework yet? (一般疑问句)【现在完成时的用法】 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。也就是说现在完成时虽与过去有关，但实际上看重的是对现在的影响或结果。如： He has turned off the light 他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况灯现在不亮了。） Who has opened the window? 谁把窗子打开了？（动作发生在过去，但说明的是现在的情况现在窗子开着呢。） 2. 现在完成时的“未完成用法”：指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，刚刚结束，或可能还要继续下去。此时常与“for + 一段时间”或“since + 表过去的时间点”或“since + 从句”连用。如： He has lived here since 1978自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。） I have lived here for more than 30 years我在这儿已经住了三十多年了。（动作开始于30多年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。） 友情提示：在这类句子的肯定句中谓语动词通常用延续性动词。终止性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。但终止性动词的否定式可与这类时间状语连用。如： I havent met him for a long time. 我好长时间没见到他了。【时间状语】 already （”已经”have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it.） never (“从不” 用于中间处) ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处） just(“刚刚” 用于中间处) yet(“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)before（以前）用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before.so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次）so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年来）等连用。【现在完成时考点例析】一、考查其构成助动词have (has) +动词过去分词构成现在完成时。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的缩写，故选B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasnt, yet。二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。规则动词的过去分词和它的过去式相同,即在原形后加ed（d）。已学近80个不规则动词的过去分词约有半数也和它的过去式相同,分类如下,利于记忆:1) 原形中的元音字母有变化:get-got-got, sit sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat- spat shine shone- shonefind- found- found hold-held-held meet- met-met stand- stood-stood understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung2) 原形中的辅音字母有变化:make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt have/ has-had-had build-built-builtsend-sent-sent lend- lent- lent spend-spent-spent 3) 在原形后加t或d:spoil-spoilt-spoilt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant hear-heard-heardpay-paid-paid say-said-said lose-lost-lost lay-laid-laid4) 原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化:feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt spelt keep-kept-keptsleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sold-soldtell-told-told catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught buy-bought-boughtbring-brought-brought think-thought-thought wear-wore-worn5) 与原形相同:hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-readset-set-set shut-shut shut cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut还有些不规则动词的过去分词与过去式不相同,为便于记忆,也分类如下:1)原形中的元音字母有变化:ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swumbegin-began-begun sink-sank-sunk2) 在原形上加en:eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- writtenbe-was/were-been rise-rose-risen forget-forgot-forgotten3)在原形上加n:see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven take-took-takenmistake-mistook-mistaken draw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grown know-knew-known show-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown4)在过去式上加n:steal-stole-stolen break-brokenbroken choose-chose-chosen speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken 练习一、单项选择 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 6. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 24. -How long have you _ from the USA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 27. - _ you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 37How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 以适当形式填空 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet . 3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twice . 4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? -No, never. 5. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 9. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 10. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two weeks. 11. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 12. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 14. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 15. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 16. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 19. My father _ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it. 20. She_ (not read) this book before. 21. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 22. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 23. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 句型转换(每空一词)。 1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school? 3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ learned English ? 4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写) I _ just _a new bike. 7. They have already finished the work.（否定） They _ _ the work _. 11.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? 按要求改变句型1. He has heard that before. (改为否定句) 2. The retired people have climbed Mount Xiang many times. (改为否定句) 3. David has already booked the theatre. (改为否定句) 4. Steve and Carol have gone to Italy. (改为否定句) 5. I have had my lunch already. (改为疑问句) 6. Two of the scientists have been to the North Pole. (改为疑问句) 7. I have taught English in the middle school since 1980. (改为疑问句) 8. They have found a job already. (改为疑问句) 11. Li Ming has received the invitation already. (对划线部分提问) III. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空1. Every student _ (see) the program already.2. Kent and I _ (write) poems before.3. Dick _ (do) the work these days.4. The people living in the mountains _ never _ (see) films.5. Patty _ (buy) a magazine about the school life.6. The actress _ (live) here all her life.7. The glass is broken. Who _ (break) this glass?10. Theres no more wine in the bottle. They _ (drink) all of it.11. Tom _ (leave) a message for you. He _ (call) last night.12. I _ (see) the movie once before. I _ (love) it a lot.IV. 改错1. What have you done last night?7. Ive seen the play already. Have you seen it already?. .用所给动词的适当形式填空