英美概况文字资料.doc

the main difference between Chinese and Western eating habits is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (e.g. four people, five dishes). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impossible to finish. A typical meal starts with some cold dishes, like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally soup is brought out, which is followed by the starchy staple food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on. Everything is relative, cultural difference being no exception. Culture, as the total pattern of human behavior and its products, oversteps geographical limits and historical conditions in many ways, and it is characterized by its strong penetrativeness and fusibility. It is no surprise to see phenomena characteristic of one culture existing in another. As a result, some people even fear that the world will become a dull place when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike. Nevertheless, the “cultural sediment” formed through long-range accumulation is not to be easily removed, and the cultural tradition handed down from generation to generation shows great consistency and continuity. The cultures of different regions and nations still have their own distinctive peculiarities, and therefore significance still needs to be attached to the study of the individualities of different cultures against the background of their universality.之间的主要区别中国和西方的饮食习惯不同的是，西方国家，每个人都有自己的板的食品，在中国菜放在桌子上，每个人都股份。如果您正在接受治疗的中国主机，准备一吨粮食。中国感到非常自豪自己的文化的食品和将尽力给你一个口味许多不同类型的菜肴。朋友之间，他们将公正的秩序不够那里的人民。如果有人正在为晚餐和关系是礼貌半礼貌，那么他们通常会以一个更多的菜比宾客人数（如4人死亡， 5菜） 。如果它是一个商业晚宴或一个非常正式的场合，有可能是大量的食物，将不可能完成。 一个典型的吃饭开始，一些冷冻的食物，如煮花生，黄瓜捣破大蒜。这些都是其次是主要课程，热点肉类和蔬菜的菜肴。最后汤带出，之后是淀粉“主食”的食物，通常是大米或面条或有时饺子。许多中国吃大米（或面条或任何）去年，但是如果你想你的大米连同其他菜，你应该说，这么早的。 一切都是相对的，文化的差异也不例外。文化，总格局人类行为及其产品，超越地理界限和历史条件在许多方面，它的特点是其强大的penetrativeness和熔化。 这是毫不奇怪地看到现象的特点一个文化存在的另一个。因此，一些人甚至担心，世界将成为一个沉闷的地方时，所有不同国籍的表现完全一样。 然而， “文化沉淀”形成长期的积累是不容易被搬走，并移交文化传统代代相传显示伟大的一贯性和连续性。文化的不同地区和国家仍然有自己独特的特点，因此，意义仍然需要重视的研究个性不同的文化背景下其普遍性。典型完全的英国饮食介绍发布时间: 2009年11月29日 22:29换个心情 更换背景 更换字号 典型全套的英国式早餐 英国是属于西欧各国其中之一，它的地理位置于欧陆西侧的大西洋上，其纬度在50度以北，因受北大西洋洋流的调节及西风终年的吹拂，成为冬暖夏凉，终年有雨的温带海洋性气候。主要发展有：栽种饲料作物及牧草，并发展酪农业，但是，由於其本身的食粮及畜牧产品均不足以自给，需要依赖进口，因此，使其在料理烹调上多少都受到外来资讯的响影。不过，英国本身是个历史、文化悠久的国家，所以他们在料理上多少还是保留了原有的传统饮食习惯及烹调技于巧。英国饮食的特色英国人一般较喜爱的烹饪方式有：烩、烧烤、煎和油炸。对肉类、海鲜、野味的烹调均有独到的方式；然而，他们对牛肉类方面又有特别的偏好，如烧烤牛肉（ROASTED BEEF），在食用时不仅附上时令的蔬菜、烤洋芋，还会在牛排上加上少许的芥茉酱；在佐料的使用上则喜好奶油及酒类；在香料上则喜好肉寇、肉桂等新鲜香料。较为人知的英国料理菜名有：牛肉腰子派（STEAK KIDNEY PIE）、炸鱼排（ENGLISH FISH CHIP）、皇家奶油鸡（CHICKEN A LAKING）等。英国人喜欢狩猎，在一年只有一次的狩猎期中，就有许多的饭店或餐厅会推出野味大餐，如野鹿（VENISON）、野兔（HARE）、雉鸡（PHEASANT）、野山羊（WILDSHEEP）等的烹调。而一般烹调野味时，均采用些杜松子或浆果及酒，此做法是为了去除食物本身的膻腥味。苏格兰威士忌或琴酒都是这些众有皆知的酒均来自于它。在英国当地，会有许多爱好喝的人士，主要是因为：它本身也是个产酒国家。英国人在饮酒上的花费比起其它的支出还来的多。英国早餐英式早餐十分丰富，标准的完全英式早餐主要包括以下几种食品：熏肉、煎蛋、炸蘑菇、炸番茄、煎肉肠、黑布丁有时还有炸薯条，当然还会有咖啡或茶佐餐。主食一般是炸面包片。一般来说，客人在吃完上述的一大盘食物以后，实在是没胃口再“消灭”主食了。但炸面包片也非常诱人，是选用烤制两天后的面包，切片后用中火在锅里加黄油煎烤，出锅时焦黄酥脆，让人不能善罢甘休。需要说明的是，标准英式早餐中这么多花样的食品不是供客人选用其中几样，而是全都放在一个大餐盘里让客人大快朵颐，没有点饭量还真应付不了。英国人很重视早餐，认为早餐是一天中最重要的一顿饭。责任编辑:成璇来源:搜狐英国午餐英国人的午餐很快就解决，不像意大利人。通常午餐只需三十到四十分钟，许多英国人吃三明治，或许是因为三明治是英国发明的。通常人们早上在家做好三明治，然后在午餐时间食用，成份为面包片夹猪肉火腿生菜叶奶酪罐头酸黄瓜等，三明治是英国人的便当。同样受欢迎的午餐为烤马铃薯。英国下午茶时下所流行的下午茶（HIGH TEA）也是传来自于英国，其较知名的有维多莉亚式VICTORIAN STYLE），内容可说是包罗万象，包括各式小点、松糕、水果挞（TARTE）及三明治等。伦敦人喝下午茶并非随意地吃些点心，而通常是搭配成套，包括一壶茶及一份点心，点心有三明治、奶油松饼(Scone)或是小蛋糕。茶有伯爵茶(EarlGrey)、大吉岭茶(Darjeeling)、锡兰茶等。初尝者一般首选伯爵茶。吃点心的次序，大有学问。先是顶层的松饼或底层的三文治，最后才是中层的甜点。想来要让舌头享受由浅入深的滋味。记得吃松饼时千万要在中间夹上最香的Clotted Cream和特制果酱。英国晚餐晚餐对英国人来说也是日常生活中最重要的一部份，他们选择的用餐时间通常较晚，而且都是边吃边喝边聊，以促进用餐人之间的情谊，可想见他们是属于极有自主性的民族，而一顿晚餐对他们来说可能要花上好几个钟头！晚餐是一天中的主餐，且通常有两道菜-肉或鱼加蔬菜，之后有甜点（也就是布丁）。英国小孩都知道在吃布丁前要把肉和蔬菜吃光光。冷冻熟食在英国相当普遍，几乎每个家庭都有微波炉，且通常英国人（尤其是学生会买一份冷冻熟食，放进微波炉，边看电视边吃-这叫做吃“电视晚餐”。The British vegetables is generally accepted celebrity big vegetables in the world on the food, its history is long, the craft is fashionable, getting people of this world favor very much.And this is related, British also pays attention to very much on the dining.Usually is four meals for general British family a day:Breakfast, lunch, noon pastry and dinner.The person who has very separately region still wants after 9:00 P.M. to add again one meal. The English is fastidious the taste lightly, the cooked food request nature good quantity essence, the pattern is changeable, attention nutrition ingredient. They like eating the beef, the mutton, the birds and beasts class, sweet snack, fruit food and so on the egg class. Summer likes eating each kind of water fruit jelly, the ice cream, winter likes eating each kind of hot pudding. Dines when generally first drinks the beer, but also likes drinking hard liquor and so on English style of eating habits is also easy, pay attention to nutrition. Breakfast is usually porridge milk or a cup of red juice, coated with butter toast, fried bacon or sausage, eggs. At noon, the children eat lunch at school, adults at lunch on the job on the vicinity to buy a sandwich, a cup of coffee on, just kill. Only to the weekend, the British people will be rich on a table. Usually the main course is meat, such as grilled chicken, roast beef, fish and so on. A wide variety of vegetables, like cabbage, fresh peas, potatoes, carrots and so on. Vegetables in general are no longer processed, mounted on a tray, poured from the supermarket to buy ready-made sauce will be consumed. After the main course there will always be together digestible of sweets, such as cooking fruit, fruit pudding, cheese, ice cream and so on. Fried fish and fries (Fish and chips) This is the traditional British fast food nation (fast food). It is in the 19th century 60s pop up. At that time, the railway put start fresh fish one night directly (direct) transported from the east coast to London. English at the fish paste on top ofgood deep-fried in oil, and fried potatoes be eaten together. People put a mixture of salt and vinegar sauce and pour it into the article on fish and potatoes, with a newspaper bag, and then eat from the paper in hand. Today, people often use a clean paper packaging, and to provide a fork (fork). Cha (Tea) British National enjoy a cup of tea. At the traditional British (tradition) on people with porcelain tea cup, one person a cup, a spoonful of tea. The majority of British people like to drink strong tea, but I want to add much milk. Many years ago, people used to put milk into the cup, then add the tea, and finally add water. Coffee (Coffee) Now in the United Kingdom, as popularity of coffee and tea. People either do not add milk or add milk, or drink coffee or preparing a new instant coffee. Wine (Wine) English wine industry is very strong. More and more of the many vineyards are producing wine and red wine (red wine). English pubs everywhere, has several flavors, each with 10,000 large and small pubs, which have many hundreds of years of history, this old pub is usually haunted legends, it is interesting that not only did not care about the owner, but also his house ghost Li Chuan-story as the general put on a table in each. Something fishy about the pub business better and sell more expensive. Eating habits with knife and fork pyronaridine British people generally preferred way of cooking there is: cooked in soy and vinegar, barbecue, fried and fried. Of meat, seafood, game cooking methods are unique; However, the categories of the beef they have special preferences, such as barbecue beef (ROASTED BEEF), is attached not only in the consumption of seasonal vegetables, baked potato, but also will add some steak on the mustard sauce; at the use of seasoning on the butter and liquor preferences; at spice up the taste of meat Kou, cinnamon and other spices fresh. The more well-known British cuisine has: beef kidney allocation (STEAK KIDNEY PIE), fish Pai (ENGLISH FISH CHIP), the Royal butter chicken (CHICKEN A LA KING) and so on. British people enjoy hunting, only once a year at the hunting period, there is much of the hotel or restaurant will be introduced to game meal, such as deer (VENISON), rabbits (HARE), pheasant (PHEASANT), such as cooking. General cooking game when using some gin or berries and wine, this approach is in order to remove the smell of mutton flavor of the food itself. Breakfast is very important to the British people, British restaurants in the supply of a wide range of meals, have fruit juice, fruit, eggs, meat, wheat porridge category, bread, jam and coffee. Nowadays the popular afternoon tea (HIGH TEA) is the mass from the United Kingdom, and its more famous there is Victoria-style VICTORIAN STYLE), the contents can be said to be all-inclusive, including all kinds of small points, muffin, fruit tarts (TARTE ) and sandwiches. Supper on the daily lives of English is also one of the most important part of the meal of their choice is usually late, and are eating betterto promote friendship between meals can imagine they belong to are very autonomous nation, and a supper for them could take hours. The United Kingdom at the local, there will be lot of people who love to drink, mainly because it itself is also a wine producing country. English at the cost of alcohol consumption on the expenditure than the other also to the many. Nobu Restaurant This is a world-renowned Japanese-style sushi restaurant, perfect interpretation of the cultural diversity of London. Enjoy the best way is to let the staff recommend, another is called a reversal of the worlds black cod, point of confusing the champagne glass. Of course, the best have someone else foot the bill! Remember the location you want in advance, otherwise. St. Johns Restaurant Very authentic British restaurant, under the name of the solemn nostalgia,thick sauce, verytraditional British dishes. Pig here are LOGO, shows a simple kick! Have to roast whole pigs, Yorktraditional rural English dishes. Confections are a weight of more down 2,3个. Good to eat! Ensure that you spot, the United Kingdom must go FREE to try! Hakkasan Restaurant An average consumption of 60 pounds in Londons top restaurants. Is not a false faceskill, newspapers comment on is the history of the sexiest Chinese restaurant, are impartial appraisal. Hot and sour soup, pipa duck, pork Doo British sparkling wine, Greece white Portuguese. It seems that Chinese and Western, at tip of tongue on an.英国人的饮食习惯亦式样简单，注重营养。早餐通常是麦片粥冲牛奶或一杯果汁，涂上黄油的烤面包片，熏咸肉或煎香肠、鸡蛋。中午，孩子们在学校吃午餐，大人的午餐就在工作地点附近买上一份三明治，就一杯咖啡，打发了事。只有到周末，英国人的饭桌上才会丰盛一番。通常主菜是肉类，如烤鸡肉、烤牛肉、烤鱼等。蔬菜品种繁多，像卷心菜、新鲜豌豆、土豆、胡萝卜等。蔬菜一般都不再加工，装在盘里，浇上从超市买回的现成调料便食用。主菜之后总有一道易消化的甜食，如烧煮水果、果料布丁、奶酪、冰激凌等。 鱼和油炸土豆条（Fish and chips） 这是英国民族传统的快餐食品（fast food）。它是在19世纪60年代流行起来的。那时，铁路开始把新鲜的鱼一夜间直接（direct）从东海岸运到伦敦。英国人在鱼上面裹上糊放在油里炸好，和炸土豆条一起吃。人们把盐和醋的混合调料倒在炸鱼和土豆条上，用报纸包上，然后从纸包里拿着吃。如今，人们经常用清洁的纸包装，并提供一个餐叉（fork）。 茶（Tea） 英国民族喜欢喝茶。在英国传统（tradition）上人们用瓷茶杯泡茶，一人一个茶杯，一匙茶。大多数英国人喜欢喝浓茶，但是要加许多牛奶。多年前，人们习惯先把牛奶倒入茶杯，然后再放茶，最后加水。 咖啡（Coffee） 现在在英国，咖啡和茶一样受欢迎。人们或是加牛奶或是不加牛奶，或是喝新泡制的咖啡或速溶咖啡。 酒（Wine） 英国的酒业很强盛。越来越多的葡萄园正在生产白酒和红酒（red wine）。英国的酒馆无所不在，有好几万家大大小小各具风味的酒馆，其中还有不乏数百年历史的，这样的老酒馆通常传说闹鬼，有趣的是，主人不但不避讳，还把他家的鬼故事像立传一般摆在每一张桌子上。有鬼的酒馆生意更好，而且卖得更贵。 饮食习惯用刀叉咯 英国人一般较喜爱的烹饪方式有：烩、烧烤、煎和油炸。对肉类、海鲜、野味的烹调均有独到的方式；然而，他们对牛肉类方面又有特别的偏好，如烧烤牛肉（ROASTED BEEF），在食用时不仅附上时令的蔬菜、烤洋芋，还会在牛排上加上少许的芥茉酱；在佐料的使用上则喜好奶油及酒类；在香料上则喜好肉寇、肉桂等新鲜香料。 较为人知的英国料理菜名有：牛肉腰子派（STEAK KIDNEY PIE）、炸鱼排（ENGLISH FISH CHIP）、皇家奶油鸡（CHICKEN A LA KING）等。英国人喜欢狩猎，在一年只有一次的狩猎期中，就有许多的饭店或餐厅会推出野味大餐，如野鹿（VENISON）、野兔（HARE）、雉鸡（PHEASANT）、野山羊（WILDSHEEP）等的烹调。而一般烹调野味时，均采用些杜松子或浆果及酒，此做法是为了去除食物本身的膻腥味。 英国人对早餐非常讲究，英国餐馆中所供应的餐点种类繁多，有果汁、水果、蛋类、肉类、麦粥类、面包、果酱及咖啡等。 时下所流行的下午茶（HIGH TEA）也是传来自于英国，其较知名的有维多莉亚式VICTORIAN STYLE），内容可说是包罗万象，包括各式小点、松糕、水果挞（TARTE）及三明治等。 晚餐对英国人来说也是日常生活中最重要的一部份，他们选择的用餐时间通常较晚，而且都是边吃边喝边聊，以促进用餐人之间的情谊，可想见他们是属于极有自主性的民族，而一顿晚餐对他们来说可能要花上好几个钟头。 在英国当地，会有许多爱好喝的人士，主要是因为它本身也是个产酒国家。英国人在饮酒上的花费比起其它的支出还来的多。 Nobu餐厅 这是一家享誉全球的日式寿司餐厅，完美诠释了伦敦的多元文化。最好的享受方式就是让店员推荐，再多叫一份颠倒世界的黑鳕鱼，点一杯晕头转向的香槟。当然，最好还有别人买单！事前要记得定位啦，不然免谈。 圣约翰餐厅 很正宗的英国餐厅，顶着怀旧庄严的名字，汁浓酱稠、入味十分的传统英式菜。猪是这里的LOGO，透着一股纯朴劲儿!有转烤全猪、约克夏布丁等传统的英国乡村菜。甜点的分量更是一份打倒2、3个。 很好吃的！保证让你过瘾，有空去英国一定要尝一尝！ Hakkasan餐厅 一家平均消费60英镑的伦敦顶级中餐厅。绝不是死撑面子的假把式，报纸上的评论是“史上最性感的中餐厅”,是中肯的评价。酸辣汤、琵琶鸭、五花肉斗英国气泡酒、希腊白葡。似乎中西合璧，在舌尖上共谱一曲。分享给你的朋友吧： 人人网 新浪微博 开心网 MSN QQ空间 对我有帮助英国有几种表达法 UK / England / The United Kingdom / Britain 而食物也有不同说法 food /foodstuff 都可以. 如果说英国食品的话是 English food 垃圾食品是 junk food 快餐是 fast food 英国式早餐English breakfast(通常包括麦片类/cereals/ ; 熏猪肉片 /cooked bacon / ;鸡蛋 /eggs / ;烤面包片 /toast/ ;果酱 /marmalade /及茶 /tea/ 或咖啡/coffee/ )英国人的饮食习惯式样简单，注重营养。早餐通常是麦片粥/a bowl of cereal/冲牛奶/milk/或一杯果汁/a glass of juice/ ，涂上黄油/butter/的烤面包片，熏咸肉/bacon/或煎香肠/fried sausage/ 、鸡蛋/eggs/。中午，孩子们在学校吃午餐，大人的午餐就在工作地点附近买上一份三明治/sandwich/，就一杯咖啡/coffee/，打发了事。只有到周末，英国人的饭桌上才会丰盛一番。通常主菜是肉类/meat/，如烤鸡肉/fried chicken/、烤牛肉/fried beef/、烤鱼/fried fish/等。蔬菜品种繁多，象卷心菜/cabbage/、新鲜豌豆/bean/、土豆/potato/、胡萝卜/carrot/等。蔬菜一般都不再加工，装在盘里，浇上从超市买回的现成调料便食用。主菜之后总有一道易消化的甜食/dessert/，如烧煮水果/fruit salad/、果料布丁/pudding/、奶酪/cheese/、冰激凌/ice cream/等。 中文 中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。 西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比，那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式宴会交谊的目的都很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之间的交谊。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是：将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。 所以，归根结底还是感性与理性之间的差异。但是，这种差异似乎在随着科学的发展而变的模糊。越来越多的中国人以不再只注重菜的色、香、味，而更注重它的卫生与营养了。尤其是在经历了非典以后。还有，人们因为越来越繁忙的工作，觉得中餐做起来太麻烦，不如来个汉堡方便等。这样一来在饮食上差异也就不太分明了。 ENGLISH Center the western diet way has very greatly differently, thiskind of difference is also influential to the national disposition. InChina, any banquet, no matter is any goal, all only can have one kindof form, is everybody sits in a circle all round, shares. The banquetmust use the round table, this formally has created one kind ofunity, politeness, altogether the interest atmosphere. The delicacydelicacies put on table of peoples centers, it not only is the objectwhich table of people appreciates, tastes, also is a table of peoplesentiments exchange intermedium. The people mutually propose a toast,mutually offer food to a guest, urge the vegetable, in front of thehappy thing, has manifested the moral excellence which between thepeople mutually respects, gives precedence out of courtesy. Althoughlooked from the hygienic angle, this diet way has the obviousdeficiency, but it conforms to our nationality the happy ending theuniversal point of view, had reflected in the Chinese classicalphilosophy and this category to the descendant thought influence, isadvantageous for the collective emotion exchange, thus until now withdifficulty reforms. Western-style banquets, food and liquor although count for much, butin fact that takes the set-off. The banquet core lies in thefriendship, throug