高考英语改错综合练习.doc

为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。 短文改错口诀： 动词形，名词数； 注意形和副； 非谓动词细辨别； 习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析； 逻辑错误须关注。 一、动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如： My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. （is） Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. （are） 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。 二、名词数 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如： so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. （subjects） 三、 区分形和副 及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. （wonderful） Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. （Unfortunately） 需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。 四、非谓动词细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如： in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. （interested） Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also （playing） My parents love me and will do all they can make sure （to） 上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。 五、习惯用法要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如： It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and （of） We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. （of） 六、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如： They eager to know everything about China and （were） I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. （which） 第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。 七、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如： The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. （their） First, let me tell you something more about myself. （去掉more） no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. （everyone） 上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用 everyone。 除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如： She was smiling but nodding at me. （and） It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. （or） We may be one family and live under a same roof. （the） Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，its famous 76. _ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _ Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _ the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _ climbed the mountain，we ed monkeys，visiting temples 80. _ and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._ since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _ Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _ of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _ good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _ head touched the pillow. 答案与简析： 76. famous前加上a.（名词数） 77. 正确 78. we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析） 79. themus （逻辑错误须关注） 80. visitingvisited（非谓动词细辨别） 81. picturepictures（名词数） 82. passespassed（动词形） 83. 去掉down（习惯用法要记住） 84. andbut（but，and，or和so） 85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住） 改错要想拿高分 语法口诀要记牢 （一）见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语 见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢 见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称 见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理 带宾语必带to，不带宾语不带 to 小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级 比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级 （二）谓与非谓经常混 谓语句中就一个 其余动词非谓语 常见形式有三种 v-ing ,v-ed和to do 主谓通常v-ing 动宾通常v-ed 现在分词表主动 过去分词表被动 目的要用不定式 by前有过去分词相拥 by后有动名词后抱 介词后跟动名词 时态基点要搞清 现在还是过去时假定英主事课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请您修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语文错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜钱（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只充许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Dear Diana, Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend, Ginna. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. “There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long time of traffic for at least six mile. In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park here Ginna nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Ginna off at her parents and made our own way to home”Much love,Dear Mom, Mothers Day is coming. Im sorry that I am abroad 66._and cant send your flowers, so Im writing to you. 67._ Mom, I know I have never expressed my thank to you 68._before. But on today, at this special time, I just want to tell 69._you loudly: I love you, Mom! Thank you so much by not 70._only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good 71._person. Thank you for all you had done for me. Mom, though 72._I may often say it, I do love you. Nobody can take your 73,_part in my heart. Whenever I am, I will always love you. 74._Hope you good health and much happiness every day! 75._ Your little girl, Jennifer假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. Fromthe time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. Iwas happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry andbroke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they beganto see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, myfather said, Thats it. No more toys to you. My punishment lasted a year.Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.My attitude changed from then on.。 Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. I called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil. As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do.Dear Grandpa,How are you those days? I have been missing you very 76._much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of 77._the old days, I feel very happily. I still remember when I 78._was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories 79._till I fall asleep. We often went to the fields to enjoy the pleasant 80._view there. You told me the name of different plants and their 81._characteristics. Gradually, I became interesting in biology 82._and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. Now 83._my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study 84._and the findings will be use as materials for our research. Since 85._well do the study in our hometown, I hope to see you by then. Yours, DaisyDear Editor,Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving. 76._Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live 77._without water and neither agriculture or industry can go 78._without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. 79._Many countries in the world find we dont have enough water. 80._To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all 81._out to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next, no 82._drinking water should be left running. Third, we should find 83._ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath 84._water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water. 85._Sincerely,Li Hua Every one of us can make a great efforts to 76.cut off the use of energy in our country. To begin with, all 77.of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only 78.when we have a real need. That wont be easy .I know. 79.but we have to start anywhere. Whats more, we can go to 80_work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy 81_smaller cars that burn less oil. Other way is to watch our 82_everyday use of water and electric at home. For example, 83_how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the 84_lights or television when no one else was there? 85_ 假设美国某中学的学生明天来你校访问交流，主题是高中生对文，理科的选择。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，向他们介绍你所做的选择，并说明选择的理由。注意： 1.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数； 2.词数120左右； 3.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。参考词汇：文科 arts; 理科:scienceGood afternoon, everyone.Welcometo our school! _ Thanks！Good afternoon, everyone.Welcome to our school! High school students are faced with a choice between arts and science. It was not an easy choice for me to make. After careful consideration, though, I decided on science as my main subject of study. The reasons are as follows.First, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China. Second, the science major can help me achieve my childhood dream of becoming a scientist. Third, my parents wish me to study science at college because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student. Last but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.It is for these reasons that I finally made my choice.Thanks!Good afternoon, everyone.Welcome to our school! I feel extremely honored here, on behalf of all the students in our school, to address you guests from America, sharing with you my experience of choosing the main subject between science and arts.It was one and a half years ago, after much consideration and systematic analysis, that I decided to steer my boat toward the sea of science, however rough it may be ahead. Science, where all human knowledge about nature comes and pools, stands for not only the crystal of human wisdom, but also the keen desire of humans to conquer the nature. Then, from a more practical perspective, I hold firmly the belief that it is science and technology that has made our world what she is now. Therefore, for a better China and a better world, I do feel obliged to do my bit in the future to promote the development of science around the world.Dear friends, choice is a right, choice is a luxury and choice is, above all, a responsibility. Bear all these words in your mind, and you will find yours a wise choice.So much for my speech. Thank you!66. 正确 67. your改为you 68. thank改为thanks 69. 去掉on 70. by改为for71. teach改为teaching 72. had改为have 73. may后加not 74. Whenever改为Wherever 75. Hope改为WishI learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. Fromlessthe time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. Itoyswas happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry andwent/gobroke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they beganthemmyto see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, mywhattorefather said, Thats it. No more toys to you. My punishment lasted a year.forMeanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.could/mightMy attitude changed from then on.Dear Grandpa, How are you those days? I have been missing you very 76. these much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of 77. since the old days, I feel very happily. I still remember when I 78. happy was child, you always held me in your arms an