四级听力短对话9种常含句式.doc

学英语 找长喜 Lecture 2第二讲9种对话常含句式四级听力短对话中经常会涉及表示转折、虚拟、比较或建议等的特殊句式，能否正确理解这些句式往往就是能否解答该题的关键。因此，熟悉和掌握考试中常见的特殊句式，将有助于考生更加快速、准确地抓住关键信息。一、 转折句式转折句式一般先说明原本的意图或情势，然后经but等词进行转折来说明后来的实际想法或事实结果。设题点往往在but等转折词之后。1but转折【例1】 （11-6-12）A Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B Jane should have started a little earlier.C He knows what sort of person Jane is.D He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.W: I wish Jane would call when she knows shell be late. This is not the first time weve had to wait for her.M: I agree. But she does have to drive through very heavy traffic to get here.Q: What does the man imply?【解析】观点态度题。本题考查对but转折句式的理解。对话中女士提到，这已经不是Jane第一次让她们久等了，男生表示认同，接着用转折句式表示Jane到这里的确要经过交通拥堵的路段，由此可知，男生推断Jane迟到可能是因为在路上遇到了堵车，故答案为A。2though, yet, however等其他转折【例2】 （06-6-10）A Jimmy is not serious in making decisions.B Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house.C Jimmys words are often not reliable.D Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchwoman.W: Jimmy said that he was going to marry a rich French business woman. M: Dont be so sure. He once told me that he had bought a big house, yet he is still sharing an apartment with Mark.Q: What does the man imply?【解析】观点态度题。女士说Jimmy告诉她说他要娶一位富有的French business woman，男士话中的Dont be so sure（别这么确定）表明他并不相信Jimmy的话，并解释说He onceyet he is still sharing an apartment with Mark（Jimmy曾说自己买了一处豪宅，但实际上他仍和Mark同住一所公寓），由此可知，Jimmy爱说大话，即他的话not reliable，故答案为C。二、 虚拟句式1if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句，又称非真实条件句，它所表示的假设是根本不可能或不太可能发生的事情。主、从句谓语的基本形式如下：表示时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反were/didwould/should/might/could +be/do与过去事实相反had been/had donewould/should/might/could+have been/have done与将来事实相反should/were to +be/dowould/should/might/could +be/do【例3】 （10-6-15）A He understands the womans feelings.B He has gone through a similar experience.C The woman should have gone on the field trip.D The teacher is just following the regulations.W: I was so angry yesterday! My biology teacher did not even let me explain why I missed the field trip. He just wouldnt let me pass!M: That doesnt seem fair. Id feel that way too if I were you.Q: What does the man imply?【解析】观点态度题。本题考查对虚拟句式的理解。女士向男士抱怨说她的生物老师不听她解释为什么她没有去实地见习(field trip)，就直接给了她一个不及格，男士通过虚拟句式“如果我是你，我也会有同感”表示，他十分理解女士的感受，故答案为A。2.wish后的虚拟语气动词wish后的宾语从句一般使用虚拟语气，表示不太可能或没有把握实现的愿望。宾语从句的谓语动词主要有三种形式：表示对现在的愿望，用were或动词的过去式；表示对过去的愿望，用“had+过去分词”或“would/should/could/might have+过去分词”；表示对将来的愿望，用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。【例4】（07-6-13）A The man regrets being absentminded.B The woman saved the man some trouble.C The man placed the reading list on a desk.D The woman emptied the waste paper basket.M: I wish I hadnt thrown away that reading list!W: I thought you might regret it. Thats why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【解析】事实状况题。男士通过虚拟句式I wish I hadnt thrown!（我真希望我没有！）表示他很后悔扔了那张reading list，女士则说她想到男士可能会后悔，所以她当时又把那张单子捡回来了，由此可知女士saved the man some trouble，故答案为B。3.I thought表示“原以为”，但事实并非如此。【例5】 （95-6-9）A Five lessons.B Three lessons.C Twelve lessons.D Fifteen lessons.W: Professor Clark said that the midterm exam would cover the first 15 lessons.M: Really? I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend to go over the rest of the lessons.Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend?【解析】数字信息题。男士通过虚拟句式I thought it only included（我原以为只包含）表明自己只复习了12课，但考试范围是15课，所以男士还必须再复习three lessons，故答案为B。4.if only后的虚拟语气if only后面的句子常用虚拟语气，表达对无法实现的愿望的一种感叹或惋惜，常译为“要是就好了！”。句子的谓语动词主要有三种形式：表示对现在的愿望，用were或动词的过去式；表示对过去的愿望，用“had+过去分词”或“could have+过去分词”；表示对将来的愿望，用“would+动词原形”。【例6】（06-6-1）A They enjoyed the party better than the other guests.B They knew none of the other guests at the party.C They didnt think much of the food and drinks. D They went a long way to attend the party.M: I think the hostess really went out of her way to make the party a success.W: Yes. The food and drinks were great. But if only we had known a few of the other guests.Q: What did the two speakers say about the party?【解析】事实状况题。对话中女士通过虚拟语气if only we had known（要是我们认识几个其他的客人就好了）来表达心愿未遂的遗憾，其中隐含的事实是“他们不认识其他客人”，故答案为B。5.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表示出来，而是通过without, but for, but that, otherwise, or等词或短语引出。【例7】 A She suggested a way out of the difficulty for the man.B She took the man to where he wanted to go.C She came a long way to meet the man.D She promised to help the man.M: Thank you for your helpful assistance. Otherwise, Id surely have missed it. The place is so out of the way.W: It was a pleasure meeting you. Goodbye!Q: Why did the man thank the woman?【解析】事实状况题。男士话中的Id surely have missed it明显使用了虚拟语气（谓语为would have done的形式），otherwise在这里相当于虚拟条件句if there werent your helpful assistance，实际情况是由于女士的帮助，男士没有错过it，由后一句可知it指代the place，故答案为B。6“should/shouldnt/ neednt/+have done”表虚拟含义 表示“本应该做某事而实际上没有做/本不应该做某事但实际上却做了/本不必做某事但实际上却做了/”等含义。【例8】 A The man did not believe what the woman said.B The man accompanied the woman to the hospital.C The woman may be suffering from repetitive strain injury.D The woman may not have followed the doctors instructions.W: You see I still have this pain in my back, this medicine the doctor gave me was supposed to make me feel better by now.M: Maybe you shouldve taken it three times a day as you were told.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【解析】事实状况题。女士说尽管她已经吃了药，但现在后背仍然很疼，男士通过虚拟句式you shouldve taken it three times表明女士本应遵照医嘱每天吃三次药，但实际上却没有吃，由此可知女士可能没有followed the doctors instructions，故答案为D。7.“couldnt have done+形容词或副词比较级”表虚拟含义否定形式表肯定含义，即“再不能更”“非常”。【例9】A Shes never watched a better game.B Football is her favorite pastime.C The game has been canceled.D Their team played very badly.M: Im sorry I missed the football game, but I had a terrible cold.W: You didnt miss anything. We couldnt have played worse.Q: What does the woman imply?【解析】事实状况题。女士通过虚拟句式We couldnt have played worse表示她们踢得“不可能比这更糟糕了”，也就是说她们队在比赛中played very badly，故答案为D。三、 建议句式谈话的一方向另一方提出建议是四级听力考试中常出现的一类场景，因此掌握一些表达建议的常用句式，将对理解对话和解答问题有很大帮助。1had better do sth. （最好）【例10】 （05-12-1）A See a doctor.B Stay in bed for a few days.C Get treatment in a better hospital.D Make a phone call to the doctor.W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her. Her left leg doesnt hurt as much as it did yesterday.M: Shed better have it examined by a doctor anyway. And Ill call her about it this evening.Q: What does the man think Carol should do?【解析】观点态度题。本题考查对虚拟句式的理解。男士通过Shed better have it examined表达了自己的看法：Carol本应该去看医生的，故答案为A。2How /What about doing sth.？（怎么样？）【例11】 （02-6-3）A Having a break. B Continuing the meeting.C Moving on to the next item. D Waiting a little longer.W: I think weve covered everything. What about a cup of coffee before we move on to the next item?M: Good idea. I really cant wait another minute.Q: What does the woman suggest doing?【解析】行为活动题。女士通过典型句式What about?建议在继续工作之前先喝a cup of coffee， 而a cup of coffee在英美国家通常指coffee break，即喝咖啡的休息时间，故答案为A。3Why not do sth.?或Why dont you/we do sth.? （为什么不？）【例12】 （10-6-12）A She will drive the man to the supermarket.B The man should buy a car of his own.C The man neednt go shopping every week.D She can pick the man up at the grocery store. M: Do you think I could borrow your car to go grocery shopping? The supermarkets outside the city are so much cheaper. Id also be happy to pick up anything you need.W: Well, I dont like to let anyone else drive my car. Tell you what, why dont we go together?Q: What does the woman mean?【解析】观点态度题。男士想借女士的车去超市购物，女士通过why dont?句式提议他们一起去，由此可推知，女士会开车载男士去超市，故答案为A。4may/might as well do sth.（还是的好/最好还是）【例13】（05-1-10）A They shouldnt change their plan.B Theyd better change their mind.C The tennis game wont last long.D Weather forecasts are not reliable.W: If the weather is this hot tomorrow, we may as well give up the idea of playing tennis in the afternoon. M: Oh, I dont think it will last long. The weather forecast says it will cloud over by midafternoon.Q: What does the man mean?【解析】观点态度题。女士建议说如果明天还是这么热的话，他们may as well give up the idea(还是取消下午打网球的计划吧)，男士则说他认为天气不会一直这么热下去，言外之意是说他们不应该change their plan，故答案为A。5shall（should）/shouldnt do sth.（应该/不应该）【例14】 （03-6-5）A The man is thinking about taking a new job.B The man likes a job that enables him to travel.C The man is sure that he will gain more by taking the job.D The man doesnt want to stay home and take care of their child.M: Mary doesnt want me to take the job. She says our child is too young and the job requires much traveling.W: You should talk to her again and see if you can find a way out. Think about the gains and losses before you make a decision.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【解析】事实状况题。由男士所说的Mary doesnt want me to take the job可推测，他很可能正在考虑是否接受一份新工作，故答案为A。对话中女士建议男士再好好和Mary谈谈（You should talk），进一步说明了男士还在考虑之中。6.maybe（或许） 【例15】 A The man should phone the hotel for directions.B The man can ask the department store for help.C She doesnt have the hotels phone number.D The hotel is just around the corner.M: Excuse me, but could you tell me how to get to the Friendship Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to have made a mistake. W: I am sorry, but I am a stranger here myself. Maybe you can try calling them. There is a phone over there outside the department store. Q: What does the woman mean?【解析】观点态度题。男士问女士怎么get to the Friendship Hotel，女士以典型句式Maybe you can try calling them建议男士打电话给酒店问路，故答案为A。7反问句表达建议【例16】 （05-1-2）A Tony should continue taking the course.B She approves of Tonys decision.C Tony can choose another science course.D She cant meet Tony so early in the morning.M: Im going to drop my information science class. It meets too early in the morning.W: Is that really a good reason to drop the class, Tony?Q: What does the woman mean?【解析】观点态度题。女士通过反问句Is that really a good reason?建议男士不要drop the class（放弃那门课程），言外之意就是Tony应该continue taking the course，故答案为A。8祈使句表达建议【例17】 （08-6-14）A Review the details of all her lessons. B Compare notes with his classmates. C Talk with her about his learning problems. D Focus on the main points of her lectures. M: Have you taken Professor Youngs exam before? Im kind of nervous.W: Yes. Just concentrate on the important ideas shes talked about in the class, and ignore the details.Q: How does the woman suggest the man prepare for Professor Youngs exam?【解析】行为活动题。男士询问女士是否参加过Professor Young的考试，并说他有点担心，女士以祈使句concentrate on the important ideas（关注教授在课上讲述的重点内容，忽略细节内容）建议男士重点关注教授在课上讲的main points，故答案为D。9虚拟语气表达建议【例18】 （07-12-13）A Teaching her son by herself.B Having confidence in her son.C Asking the teacher for extra help.D Telling her son not to worry.W: What would you do if you were in my place?M: If Paul were my son, Id just not worry. Now that his teacher is giving him extra help and he is working hard himself, hes sure to do well in the next exam.Q: Whats the mans suggestion to the woman?【解析】事实状况题。对话中男士话中的if虚拟条件句If Paul were my son, Id just not worry其实是在建议女士不必担心她的儿子Paul，因为有了老师的帮助和他自己的努力，Paul一定会do well in the next exam（在下一次考试中取得好成绩），由此可知，男士是在建议女士要对自己的儿子having confidence(有信心)，故答案为B。四、 请求或邀请句式1Will/Would/Can/Could you?（你愿意/你能？）【例19】（03-1-1）A They are both anxious to try Italian food.B They are likely to have dinner together.C The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight.D The woman refused to have dinner with the man.M: Mary, would you join me for dinner tonight?W: You treated me last weekend. Now its my turn. Shall we try something Italian?Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【解析】事实状况题。男士以句式would you？邀请女士一起吃晚饭，女士话中的Now its my turn（这次我请客）表明她接受了男士的邀请，由此可推知两人很可能会have dinner together，故答案为B。2.I wonder if/ whether（我想知道是否？）【例20】 （06-6-6）A The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.B The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore.C The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore.D The man doesnt want to sell his textbooks to the woman.W: I wonder if you could sell me the Psychology textbooks. You took the course last semester, didnt you?M: As a matter of fact, I already sold them back to the school bookstore.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【解析】事实状况题。女士以典型句式I wonder if请求男士把他的Psychology textbooks（心理学课本）卖给她，男士说他已经sold them back to the school bookstore（把书卖给学校的书店）了，言外之意就是女士需要get the textbooks in other ways，故答案为A。3Would you like to do?（你想要？）【例21】（04-1-8）A There is no more left.B It doesnt appeal to her.C Its incredibly delicious. D She has already tasted it.M: Would you like to try the banana pie? Its incredible.W: Well, to tell the truth, I dont care much for dessert.Q: What does the woman say about the banana pie?【解析】事实状况题。男士以句式Would you like to？邀请女士尝一尝the banana pie，女士回答说她 dont care much for dessert（不太喜欢吃甜食），也就是说the banana pie无法appeal to her（引起她的兴趣），故答案为B。4Do/Would you mind doing?（你介意？）【例22】（94-1-2）A He left his notes at home.B He doesnt know where his notes are.C He doesnt want to lend his notes to the woman.D He agrees to lend the woman his notes. W: Do you mind if I borrow your notes?M: No, of course not. They are on my desk.Q: What does the man mean?【解析】观点态度题。女士以句式Do you mind？请求男士把笔记借给她，男士话中的No, of course not表明他并不介意，也就是说他同意把笔记借给女士，故答案为D。五、 比较句式形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，asas同级比较以及compared with, in contrast, while, whereas等词或短语引出的比较或对比结构是四级听力考试短对话中常见的设题点。出现比较或对比结构的句子往往提供重要的信息或者就是答案的出处。1 形容词、副词的比较级2 单纯表示两者之间的比较时，常与than连用，前面经常会有much, even, still, further等副词修饰，用来加强语气。3 【例23】 （08-12-18）A He is confident he will get the job.B His chance of getting the job is slim.C It isnt easy to find a qualified sales manager.D The interview didnt go as well as expected.W: You had a job interview yesterday, didnt you? How did it go? M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales managers job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.Q: What does the man imply?【解析】观点态度题。女士询问男士的面试结果怎么样，男士说还可以，有二十个人参加面试，最后只有包括他在内的三个人入选，但男士话中的比较级结构the other two seemed better qualified（另两个人看似更有资格）表明他得到这份工作的希望很slim（渺茫），故答案为B。2形容词、副词的最高级 在听力题中，最高级除了用来表示三者或三者以上之最以外，经常会用来表达否定意义。另外，还要注意“one of the +形容词最高级”常会用于表示某事物“非常”。【例24】（06-6- 9）A Helen is quiet. B Helen is talkative.C Helen is sociable.D Helen is active.M: Weve got three women researchers in our group, Mary, Betty and Helen. Do you know them?W: Sure. Mary is active and sociable. Betty is the most talkative woman Ive ever met. But guess what Helen is just the opposite.Q: What do we learn from the womans remark about Helen?【解析】事实状况题。女士说Betty是the most talkative（最健谈）的女人，Helen则与Betty的情况just the opposite(正好相反)，而与最高级the most talkative相反的情况当然是quiet，故答案为A。3.同级比较 asas表示“和一样”；not so/asas表示“不像一样”。【例25】（06-6-3） A Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness.B She disagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions. C Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.D She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician.M: How do you like the new physician who replaced Dr. Andrews?W: He may not seem as agreeable or as thorough as Dr. Andrews, but at least he doesnt keep patients waiting for hours. Q: What can we infer from the womans answer?【解析】事实状况题。女士话中的同级比较结构asas表明the new physician可能不像Dr. Andrews那样agreeable（和蔼）或thorough(细心周到)，但是at least he doesnt keep patients waiting for hours（至少他不会让病人等待好几个小时），由此可推测，Dr. Andrews经常让病人等好长时间，故答案为C。4more and more（越来越）；the more, the more（越，越）【例26】（02-6-5）A He wishes to have more courses like it.B He finds it hard to follow the teacher.C He wishes the teacher would talk more.D He doesnt like the teachers accent.W: You took an optional course this semester, didnt you? How is it going?M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I understand.Q: How does the man feel about the course?【解析】观点态度题。男士话中的the more the professor talks, the less I understand意为“老师说得越多，我越听不懂”，由此可知，男士觉得老师讲的内容很难理解，故答案为B。5more A than B（与其说是B，不如说是A）【例27】A Its rapid growth is beneficial to the world. B It can be seen as a model by the rest of the world.C Its success cant be explained by elementary economics. D It will continue to surge forward. M: Professor Stevenson, as an economist, how do you look upon the surging Chinese economy? Does it constitute a threat to the rest of the world?W: I believe Chinas economic success should be seen more as an opportunity than a threat. Those who look upon it as a threat overlook the benefits of Chinas growth to the worlds economy. They also lack understanding of elementary economics.Q: What does Professor Stevenson think of Chinas economy?【解析】观点态度题。女士话中的more as an opportunity than a threat意为“与其说是威胁不如说是机遇”，由此可知她认为中国的经济增长beneficial to the world（有利于世界经济），故答案为A。六、 反问句式反问是用疑问的形式表达确定的意思，反问句无需回答，答案已包含在话语中。反问常用来加强语气，表达强烈的情感。1表示异议或否定【例28】（新06-6-13）A The Edwards are quite welloff. B The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses. C Itll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house. D Its too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house.M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too