CHAPTER ## - LABORATORY HEALTH and SAFETY：第# #实验室安全卫生.doc

26 - i CHAPTER 26 LABORATORY SAFETY PLANS A. INTRODUCTION.1 B. CHAPTER-SPECIFIC ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 1 1. Directors .1 2. Laboratory Safety Officers.1 3. Laboratory Directors, Principal Investigators and Supervisors2 4. Employees2 5. The Office of Safety, Health and Environmental Management (OSHEM).2 6. The Office of Facilities Engineering and Operations (OFEO)2 C. ELEMENTS OF A SITE-SPECIFIC LABORATORY SAFETY PLAN.3 D. TRAINING3 E. RECORDS AND REPORTS .4 F. REFERENCES5 26 - 1 CHAPTER 26 LABORATORY SAFETY PLANS A.INTRODUCTION 1. This Chapter applies to all Smithsonian Institution (SI) laboratory operations, which are required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standard 29 CFR 1910.1450, “Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories” to manage the risks associated with laboratory work through the development and implementation of a Laboratory Safety Plan (LSP). 2. This Chapter establishes requirements for the development of a LSP, which will incorporate all applicable operational subject chapters in this Manual. 3. “Laboratory”, for the purposes of this Chapter, is defined as any SI workplace for testing, analysis, research, instruction, or similar activities that involve the use of small quantities of multiple, hazardous chemicals on a non-production basis, where such chemical processes operate on a scale that can easily and safely be done by one person, and where the added possibility of biohazards and radioactive hazards also exists. B.CHAPTER-SPECIFIC ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Directors shall designate a Laboratory Safety Officer (LSO) to manage the development and implementation of the facilitys site-specific LSPs, and to ensure that design and modification plans for laboratory space are transmitted for review through the SD 410 process. 2. Laboratory Safety Officers shall: a. Be knowledgeable, by formal training and practical experience, in chemical or biological laboratory protocols and the associated sciences. b. Provide technical guidance in developing and reviewing the facility LSPs, including suitability of physical location, and shall submit the final LSPs to the Safety Coordinator for final approval. c. Ensure that the facility LSPs are re-evaluated and approved annually, or more often as processes change or in the event of a change in LSO appointment. 3. Safety Coordinators shall: a. Provide assistance, as needed, to the LSO and laboratory staff in the development of LSPs. b. Review and approve final LSPs as submitted by the LSO, ensuring that each LSP incorporates the requirements of this and other applicable Manual chapters. 26 - 2 c. Ensure that Laboratory Safety Training, as required by this Chapter is conducted and documented. 4. Laboratory Directors, Principal Investigators and Supervisors shall a. Be knowledgeable of the potential health and safety hazards associated with their work, including the means to control or eliminate such hazards, per the provisions of this Manual b. Be responsible for the implementation of a site-specific LSP for laboratory work under their control. c. Review their LSPs annually with their staff and make changes as necessary. Submit annually-reviewed LSPs to their Safety Coordinator for approval. d. Refer to Office of Safety, Health and Environmental Management (OSHEM) Occupational Health Services Division (OHSD) any employee who reports adverse health symptoms that may have resulted from laboratory work, or employees whose reported change in health status may warrant medical consultation. 4. Employees shall: a. Adhere to assigned LSPs and other precautions set forth by supervisory personnel b. Report any unsafe conditions to their supervisor c. Notify supervisors or OSHEM/OHSD of a significant change in the employees health status which would warrant additional safety precautions to prevent adverse occupational exposure. 5. Office of Safety, Health and Environmental Management (OSHEM), shall a. Upon request or as warranted, offer direction, medical consultation, and technical assistance in occupational safety, fire safety, industrial hygiene, environmental management, and occupational health, to Safety Coordinators and LSOs in implementing the requirements of this Manual. b. Be responsible for reviewing and updating the contents of the SI Laboratory Safety Manual at least annually to reflect current codes and regulations, as well as best practices. 6. The Office of Facilities Engineering and Operations (OFEO) shall a. Ensure prompt correction of mechanical and utility system deficiencies identified through annual maintenance, testing, or inspections, in accordance with Chapter 27, “Ventilation for Health-Hazard Control” and other applicable Chapters of this Manual. b. Coordinate scheduled outages of ventilation, electrical, and other building systems with laboratory supervisors prior to such outages or work, to prevent system users from being at risk from the outage. 26 - 3 c. In coordination with laboratory supervisors, train custodial and maintenance workers as to the precautions to be taken when working in a laboratory environment and/or on laboratory equipment. C.ELEMENTS OF A SITE-SPECIFIC LABORATORY SAFETY PLAN 1. The most effective way to reinforce safe work practices is to involve every lab worker at every level in the writing and review of a Laboratory Safety Plan (LSP). Such a Plan is required by SI policy, and is also known as a “Chemical Hygiene Plan”, under OSHA. The main principle is to make this as practical, accessible, and user-friendly as possible! For instance: a. A facility with 5 or less laboratories may find it easier to write a separate LSP for each one. A facility with numerous departments, each having multiple labs, may find it more convenient to write a broader departmental LSP, which includes sections for each particular Departments experiments and processes. b. The LSP can be written in whatever format is most practical for your laboratory (c.f.: inserting safety warning text boxes into the protocol itself, or creating a complete document to post in the lab). Whatever format is followed, the final product(s) is/are to be written with the assistance of, and reviewed and approved by, the Laboratory Safety Officer (LSO) appointed by the facility Director. 2. Every SI laboratory shall develop and implement a LSP to include the following sections. Technical guidance for each section is provided in SI Laboratory Safety Manual. A template for a typical LSP is included as Appendix A of the SI Laboratory Safety Manual and examples of LSPs are posted on the OSHEM Prism website. a. Designation of authority and responsibilities. b. Activities that require special restrictions and/or approvals, due to their highly hazardous nature. c. Hazard identification, exposure evaluation, and safe work procedures for each experiment or protocol d. Methods to ensure integrity and maintenance of personal protective equipment, local exhaust ventilation systems, and other hazard controls. e. Requirements for employee initial and periodic hazard awareness and laboratory safety training. D.TRAINING 1. All laboratory employees are to receive initial and periodic training on the safe work practices of their specific Laboratory Safety Plan, as well as overall training required of Chapter 25, “Chemical Hazard Communication”, of this 26 - 4 Manual. The most effective way to reinforce good work practices is to involve staff from principal researchers to interns in regular, periodic reviews and updates of the Laboratory Safety Plan. 2. Initial Lab Hazard Awareness Training (as part of the Smithsonian Hazard Communication Program) must, as a minimum, be provided to all employees prior to actual lab work, and prior to assignments involving new potential exposures. Information is to include: a. The location and availability of the LSP, chemical inventory, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs), applicable regulatory exposure limits, and other reference material regarding the safe handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals (or hazardous collections) in the lab. b. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory, as well as the health hazards themselves (reference the MSDS). c. Methods that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical. This could include industrial hygiene monitoring, the use of continuous monitoring devices, visual appearance, or odors of chemicals. d. Methods employees can take to protect themselves from hazards, including work practices, personal protective equipment and emergency procedures listed in the LSP. This should include a discussion of the proper use and limitations of engineering controls and safety devices, including chemical and biological hoods. e. Emergency response plans established by each facilitys Emergency/Disaster Response Plan, any medical or first aid response specifically recommended by OHSD (such as first response to hydrofluoric acid exposure), extinguishment of clothing fires (Stop, Drop, and Roll), and Chemical Spill Response Plans