名词性从句(Donna).ppt

A Land of Diversity,Grammar,Noun Clause,1.做主语 His job is important. What he does is important. 2.做表语 This is his job. This is what he does every day. 3.做宾语 I dont like his job. I dont like what he does every day. 4.做同位语 I dont know about the fact. I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,Lead in:What roles do the clauses play?,主语从句 Subject Clause,名词性从句 Noun Clause,宾语从句 Object Clause,表语从句 Predicative Clause,同位语从句 Appositive Clause,一：【定义】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、 表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。,二：【连接词】 名词性从句的连接词： 1) 连接词/从属连词（不充当从句的任何成分） that, whether, if 2) 连接代词： what, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 3) 连接副词： where, when, why, how, wherever, whenever,注意： 从句一律保持陈述语序。,连接词: 从属连词 that, whether, if（仅在有it 充当形式主语的主语从句才可用！） 连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, how, why, when, wherever, whenever,主语从句的用法,三：【各个击破】,是否我们去没什么区别。 Whether we will go or not makes no difference. 他是否会来还不清楚。（两种） Whether hell come here isnt clear. It isnt clear whether/if hell come 价格上升是肯定的。 That price will go up is certain. 昨晚无论谁来都没有用。 Whoever came yesterday was useless. 我们什么时候去还未决定。 When we will go has not been decided.,翻译练习,为了避免句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.主语从句后置! That she should do such thing is strange. - That the earth is round is known to all. - That you missed the chance is a pity. - I happened to be out that day. - Whether you will finish it or not doesnt matter. -,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,It happened that I was out that day.,It doesnt matter whether you will finish it or not.,Its strange that she should do such thing.,你能根据上面的句子归纳出It 用作形式主语的句型吗？,It 用作形式主语的五种常用句型：,1) It is +adj.+that(eg. natural/strange etc.) 2) It is + n. (eg. a shame/pity, no wonder, a fact) +that 3) It is+pp.(said/reported/known/believed/ thought/proved)+that 4) It + vi. (seems/happen/appears )that 5) It+doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.) +连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。 注意在It+be+形|名|过分|不及物动词|+that结构中若划线 部分为下列词的相应某种形式用虚拟即（should）do 1）一坚持（insist）二个命令（order，command）三建议 （suggest，propose, advise）四要求（demand, require, request, task）2)情态|意愿|情感 (natural/strange; a shame/pity),注 意：,What you left _only several old books. What you said _ of great importance. Whether hell come here _ not clear.,1.“if” 一般不能引导主语从句，（仅在有it 充当形式主语的主语从句才可用！）。,3.主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。,4.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 1）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。,主语从句其它需注意的问题,2.主语从句中用陈述语序,are,is,is,1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.,2.You have made a mistake is a fact.,3.That is certain that we can win.,4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,5.If the policemen will come is not certain.,we shall,That you have,It is,Whoever,Whether,改错练习,1. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? （01北京春季) Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich,2. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. （04上海） A. where B. what C. that D. how,3._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (00上海）,What B. That C. This D. Which,（D）,(B),(B),4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,连接词： that / whether /as if /as though (if不引导表语从句) 连接代词： who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词： when / where / why / how / because,表语从句的用法,三：【各个击破】,可以接表语从句的系动词有： 1：be 2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall 5: prove, turn out,问题是是否我们可以依赖他。 The question is whether we can rely on him. 那是因为那时我们需要钱。 Thats because we were in need of money at that time . 他看起来准备哭。 He looked as if he was going to cry . 那就是为什么我迟到了。 Thats why I was late . 麻烦在于我不见了他的地址。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 那就是今天早上她所做的一切。 That was what she did this morning.,翻译练习,1.reason 做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导,表语从句的难点突破,2.名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句,常用在表示事实,真理,看法,观点的名词后,如fact,truth,idea,opinion,belief,3.(建议,劝告,命令,请求,要求)一,二,三,四后仍用虚拟语气,4. as if, as though 引导的表从中,何时用虚拟?何时用陈述?,他没有来的原因是他病了。 1.The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill. 事实是我们队赢了这场比赛。 2.The fact is that our team has won the game. 我的建议是我们明天早点走 3.My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow. 看起来我们似乎要迟到了。 4.It looks as if well be late. 看起来会议永不终止。 5.It seems as though the meeting would never end.,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3.That is_they left.A. that B. what C.which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when 5.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 6.Einsteins hair looked wild as if it _ A.was electrified B.was to electrify C.had been electrified D.has been electrified,连接词: 从属连词 that, whether, if 连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 连接副词 where, how, why, when,宾语从句的用法,三：【各个击破】,1.及物动词(think, believe, know, doubt, hope)宾语从句,2.介词(on, in, of, with)宾语从句,3.表示感情色彩的形容词(sad, happy, afraid, pleased, excited, certain, sure)宾语从句,宾语从句的种类,当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if. I dont know whether I will stay or not 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. discuss后 They discussed whether they will go back right now. whether to do I dont know whether to go. 若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时, 主句为肯定句用whether或if, 主句为否定句或疑问句用that。 I doubt whether/if he will come soon. I dont doubt that he will come.,注意,1.Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，区别？,在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略 We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由and连接的两个宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略. He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,注意,(一,二,三,四)后仍用虚拟 The leaders of the battle ordered that all of us should finish the work. 介词后的宾语从句中句子成分要会分析。 Its a question of who would take the position. 在think,believe,suppose,expect后, 要否定转移。 I dont think he will see you.,3.其它问题,Join the following into Object Clauses,注意,1.When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me when the train arrives. 2.What does he do? Did you know? Did you know what he did/ what he had done? 3.I think this is a good idea. I dont think this is a good idea. 4.Is the earth round? I wanted to know. I wanted to know whether/if the earth is round. 5.What was it that made his mother angry? No one knows it was what that made his mother angry. 6. There is a kind of language all could understand. I suggested yesterday. Yesterday I suggested there be a kind of language all could understand,常用的连接词: 从属连词 that, whether 不用if. 连接代词和连接副词 what, where, how, why, when,同位语从句的用法,三：【各个击破】,同位语从句一般跟在一些抽象名词后面， 对名词作进一步解释说明.常见的有：,fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question, story, advice , suggestion, order, word, view ,feeling,2.Light travels fast than sound./ There is scientific proof for the idea.,3.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,1. Should Teenagers spend too much time on line?/ Many British parents hold the question.,_,Many British parents hold the question whether teenagers should spend too much time online.,_,There is scientific proof for the idea that/why light travels fast than sound.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,连词“that”引导 同位语从句与定语从句的区别The news that I have passed the exam is true The news that he told me just now is true,名词性从句易错练习,1.that 和what 的选用,1._ he wants is a book. 2._ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.The result is _ we won the game. 4.This is _ we want to know. 5.Is _ he told us true ? 6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _ he will come. 8. I have no idea _he did that afternoon. 9._ has made China_ it is now?,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,What,what,2.that的省略,1.I dont think _ she is coming. 2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake. 3.The reason is _ he is careless . 4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us. 5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud. 6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone. 7. The reason lies in _ she works harder than the others do. 8. _ she works harder impressed me.,A. (that)B. that,A,B,B,B,A,B,B,B,B,3.whether和if的选用,1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5. They are discussing_or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go.,A. if / whether B. if C. whether D. that,C,A,C,C,A,C,C,C,1. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津) A. this B. that C. it D. these 2. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you 3.You may depend on _ that all goods will be shipped abroad in time. A. which B.it C. whom D. those,4. it作形式宾语的情况： 1)在“动词+it+宾补+宾语从句”句型中2)动词是love,like,hate,appreciate, see to, depend on, count on(指望)等, 用it作形式宾语，后再接宾语从句。,1. _ Tom wants, I wont give it to him. A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. No matter what 2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who,5、疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句;与 no matter +wh从句,1. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. _ _ breaks the law is to be punished. 2. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs it most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most. 3. Well remember whomever we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help. 4. They will do whatever he wants them to do. They will do _ _he wants them to do. 5. Ill read whichever book you give me. Ill read _ of the books _ you give me. 6. He has done what he can to help me. -He has done _ _ he can to help me.,Anyone who,anyone who,anyone (whom),anything that,any,that,6. 名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：,all that,名词性从句试题集锦 1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that,7.Can you tell me _? what was wrong with him B. what wrong was with him C. what wrong with him was D. what was with him wrong 8._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 9.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 10.It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 11._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 12.It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that ; that C. what ; what D. that ; what 13.Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any ; who B. every ; whoever C. whichever ; whoever D. either ; whoever,14. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for 15. It is important that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 16.He treated me as though/as if _ his own son. A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were 17._ the Games will be held in Huazhou is not known yet. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 17. _ she had forgotten to take her notebook. A. That occurred to her B. She occurred that C. To her that occurred D. It occurred to her that 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 19.The reason _he has made progress is _ he hasnt wasted time. A. because,why B. why,that C. that,why D. what,that,20. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 21._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 22._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 23.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 24. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 25.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever,Find out the mistakes in the following sentences and correct them.,How is he going to do it is a mystery. 2. Knowledge is power is a famous saying known to all. 3. He asked me that whether he could take the job. 4. Why he fell ill suddenly was because he was caught in the rain yesterday.,_,_,he is,That,that,5. He told me that his parents would work in Wuhan and he would go there together with them. 6. He always thinks of what he can do more for the people. 7. He said that he has been there before. 8. He has made clear that he will not give in. 9. I dont know he said meant at the meeting.,_,_,that,how,had,it,what,10.Its uncertain that the experiment is worth doing. 11. What the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry. 12. Whom is going to do the job will be decided by the committee. 13. Whether well go camping tomorrow depend on the weather. 14. The fact which he hadnt passed the driving test surprised all of us. 15. Im satisfied with that you have done.,_,_,_,_,_,_,whether /if,That,Who,depends,that,what,Dear teachers， _makes us depressed _ we will graduate from Huazhou No.1 middle school . The reason why we are so sad is _ we will say goodbye to our lovely teachers and classmates. The days we spent together are full of joys and tears. _ you are always so strict with us made me hate you. However, you are also ready to give your hand to_turns to you for help.,It,that,that,That,whoever,A letter to teachers,Now we understand _you have tried to do for us. We know _ you do and say is important and _ it is of great help to us. We dont care about _we can survive