猪营养有机微量元素课件

猪营养：有机微量元素,微量矿物质的交互影响,Co,P,Se,Fe,Ca,Cu,Mn,Mo,I,Mg,Zn,As,S,F,Na,Cl,K,主要交互影响,Zn,Cu,Fe,Zn, Cu, Mn,Ca,Zn,TRACE MINERALS IN SWINE PRODUCTION,微量矿物质对生物性能的影响,Stat - 1,IMPACT OF STATUS,认识一下功能性矿物元素,有机微量元素的小测试,有机微量元素优于无机微量元素？ 真？ 伪？ 有机矿物质的键结强度关系动物的生长表现改善？ 真？ 伪？,不是所有的矿物元素都具有同样的作用,功能性矿物元素 常规的矿物元素,1. 提供矿物元素营养 满足动物维持需要 不能进一步强化动物的生产性能,1.生产者的投资能得到回报 2.与常规的矿物元素相比,提高了动物的生产性能 3.得到发表的研究报告的支持 4.结果的可重复性,不是所有的矿物元素都具有同样的作用,硫酸锌,锌蛋白盐,螯合锌,氧化锌,碳酸锌,氨维乐锌,锌多糖化合物,有机酸锌,功能性矿物元素 常规的矿物元素,金属特定氨基酸复合物 金属氨基酸复合物 金属氨基酸螯合物 金属蛋白盐 金属多糖复合物 金属丙酸盐,有机微量元素的种类,CPX - 22,金宝氨维乐锌,有定义的具有特定的化学结构 氨基酸与金属1:1结合 氨基酸为非特定的氨基酸 生产者: 金宝公司,Zn,Zn,Zn,Cys,Met,Arg,CH3 CH2 C,S,CH2,C,O,Zn,H2 N,O,H,氨基,羧基,氨维乐锌- 100,表示形成强的化学键,金宝公司的产品是独一无二的,金宝公司拥有50多项专利技术 #6682941, #6589794, #6541051, #5885610, #5698724, #5583243, #5430164, #5278329, #5061815, #4956188, #4948594, #4900561, #4764633, #4678854, #4670269, #4067994, #4039681, #4021569, #3950372, #3941818. 没有其他公司能生产象金宝公司同样的产品！,生物学效价,不同来源锌的生物学效价,Wedekind et al. JAS 70:178-187,61,100,206,a Bioavailability estimated using multiple regression analyses; ZnSO4 set to 100 b AvailaZn zinc amino acid complex,CB - 48.1,相对生物学效价a 硫酸锌 vs 氨维乐锌,不同来源铜的生物学效价,Ward, et al., 1996 Journal Dairy Science,基于反刍动物肝铜含量,30,100,58,103,94,企利,30,65,100,174,100,不同来源锰的生物学效价,Baker, University Illinois 1992,ZINPRO,金属特定氨基酸复合物 金属氨基酸复合物 金属氨基酸螯合物 金属蛋白盐 金属多糖复合物 金属丙酸盐,有机微量元素的种类,CPX - 22,COPPER CONTENTOF RAT LIVER AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF SUPPLEMENTS OF DIFFERENT COPPER-L-AMINO ACID COMPLEXESa,Copper, g/total Liver,No Copper Copper- Copper- Copper- Copper Sulfate Amino Acid Amino Acid Amino Acid Polymer Side Dimer Side Monomer Side Chains Chains Chains,CPX - 20.1,a Data presented for organic copper compounds represent the compilation of data for copper-alanine and copper-leucine compounds Kirchgessner et al. 1967. Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernhrg. u. Futtermittelkde. 22:76,蛋白化,螯合,1:1,SOLUBILITY OF THE COPPER AND NITROGEN FRACTIONS OF COPPER SOURCES IN DEIONIZED WATERa,a Duplicate 2.0 g samples of products were mixed with 150 mL dH2O and incubated at 25C with constant shaking for 30 min, then brought to a final volume of 200 mL with dH2O (Leach and Patton, 1997); Total soluble Cu and N expressed as a percentage of the total element in the source b Percentage of total Cu, soluble c Values in parentheses are the percentage of total soluble Cu present as free ions as determined by Cu-specific ion electrode in samples containing 50:1 ratio of sample to ionic strength adjustor, 5 M NaNO3 d None detectable Guo et al., 2001. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1132,CPX - 20.3,ANALYSIS OF AVAILAZn 100,DIFFERENTIATION OF PROTEIN-BASED ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS,Z CPX - 52,PROTEIN AND ZINC CONTENT OF EACH NOMINAL MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTION,DIFFERENTIATION OF PROTEIN-BASED ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS,AVAILAZn 100,a Expressed as g/100g in original product,Z CPX - 53,分析有机锌蛋白化矿物质,DIFFERENTIATION OF PROTEIN-BASED ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS,Z CPX - 59,PROTEIN AND ZINC CONTENT OF EACH NOMINAL MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTION,DIFFERENTIATION OF PROTEIN-BASED ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS,ZINC PROTEINATE,a Expressed as g/100g in original product,Z CPX - 60,DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEIN AND ZINC,DIFFERENTIATION OF PROTEIN-BASED ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS,a Expressed as % of original product, 100,000 100,000 - 30,000 30,000 - 10,000 10,000 - 3,000 3,000 - 1,000 1,000,Molecular Weight Fractions, daltons,ZINC PROTEINATE,Z CPX - 61,Percent Per Weighta,TRACE MINERALS ARE NOT THE SAME,Zinc Sulfate,Zinc Oxide,Zinc Carbonate,Zinpro Availa-Zinc,PERFORMANCE MINERAL ORDINARY MINERALS,金宝公司在养猪上的研究,猪蹄、蹄部损伤和跛足,Michael Hilla, Darryl Raglanda and Tim Faklerb aDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University bResearch and Nutritional Services, Zinpro Corporation,SwG - 136,我们在养猪时为什么会淘汰母猪?,NAHMS, 2001. Part I: Reference of Swine Health and Management in the United States, 2000,SwG - 138,生长肥育猪死亡原因,NAHMS, 2001. Part I: Reference of Swine Health and Management in the United States, 2000,SwG - 139,猪脚蹄质量,微量元素对脚蹄完整性的影响,锌 上皮组织的生成和修复 核酸代谢 胶原蛋白合成 维生素 A 和 E吸收 举例:血管内衬层,DC - 51,氨维乐锌对脚蹄评分的影响,a ZINPRO zinc methionine uv Means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.01) wx Within a category, means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05) yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.10) Scoring: 1-5 (1 = Perfect, 2 = Good, 3 = Fair, 4 = Poor, 5 = Severe) Moore et al., 1989. Trans. lll. Acad. Sci. 82:99,Z DC - 8,房舍条件对母猪脚蹄健康的影响,a 121 Sows observed b 58 Sows observed c 531 Sows observed Ehlorsson, C-J. and O. Olsson, 2002, Proceedings 17th IPVS Congress, 2:442,SwG - 165,%,试验条件,试验地点: 泰国正大种猪场 试验动物: 超过 100 头种公猪 与杜洛克、长白等杂交的品种 处理方法: 每头公猪每天3 g氨维乐锌 (300 mg 锌) 试验设施: 主要在混凝土地板上饲养 使用龙胆紫(Dentin Violet)来预防二次 感染、真菌和细菌生长,公猪脚蹄疾病问题,公猪无法承受自身体重 70% 的公猪有一定程度的跛腿、足裂、脚起泡、腐烂等 圆点受伤 因皮肤干燥开裂而引起腿下部受伤或腐烂 中央肿胀,处理前,脚趾间发生皮炎,公猪脚蹄疾病问题,处理前,脚蹄中有开创性伤口,公猪脚蹄疾病问题,处理前,Courtesy of Boar Stud (picture 2938),出现干燥的皮肤斑点，易引起脱皮和感染 脚蹄开裂,公猪脚蹄病问题,处理前,干燥的斑片消失,公猪脚蹄疾病问题,Courtesy of Boar Stud (picture 3165),添加氨维乐锌三周后,脚底情况好转 足部水泡现象改善 干燥的斑点消失,公猪脚蹄疾病问题,添加氨维乐锌三周后,足底情况改善 没有腐烂现象 干燥的皮肤斑块消失,公猪脚蹄疾病问题,添加氨维乐锌三周后,坏伤治愈 不需要用紫罗兰（ Violet）来抗感染 猪群中跛足现象得到改善,公猪脚蹄疾病问题,添加氨维乐锌三周后,以前的黑点现在治愈，颜色变亮 损伤治愈 足底情况改善,公猪脚蹄疾病问题,添加氨维乐三周后,足底正常,公猪脚蹄疾病问题,添加氨维乐锌三周后,小结,母猪和公猪常见的疾病有：脚起水疱、足底有硬壳、足部损伤、开裂或起干斑 饲喂氨维乐锌 100 能改善猪的蹄部和腿部状况 建议: 治疗剂量 - 600- 800克/吨(2X)氨维乐锌100，连续30天 预防剂量 300 克/吨氨维乐锌100,氨维乐锌对母猪和哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响,SwS - 1,母猪妊娠期饲喂氨维乐锌对 哺乳仔猪肠道生理和免疫功能的影响,W. Caine, Ph.D. Alberta Agriculture,Banff Pork Seminar, 2001,实验过程,地点: 加拿大,阿尔伯达 研究者: 阿尔伯达农业研究机构: W. Caine M. McFall B. Miller 实验期间: 怀孕期80天到分娩 小猪在第十四天断奶,在第十五天解剖它的肠道观察 动物: 20 头母猪分成2组实验 实验配方: 2组别均添加商品饲料:含 120 ppm 硫酸锌 氨维乐锌组额外添加 250 ppm 氨维乐锌. 总锌量370 ppm,SwS - 3,a ZINPRO zinc methionine,氨维乐锌对肠道生理的影响,绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比,绒毛高度 (m),a AvailaZn amino acid complex (250 ppm Zn from ZnAA fed from d 80 to 114 of gestation) yz Within response criteria and gut segment, means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05) Banff Pork Seminar, 2001,989007,14日龄哺乳仔猪,母猪妊娠期饲喂氨维乐锌对 刚断奶仔猪空肠绒毛和隐窝生理结构的影响,对照组,氨维乐锌组,a AvailaZn zinc amino acid complex Banff Pork Seminar, 2001,989007,氨维乐锌对肠道免疫功能的影响,上皮内淋巴细胞,杯状细胞b,a AvailaZn amino acid complex b # of cells per 250 m/length of villous epithelium z Within response criteria and gut segment, means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P0.05) Banff Pork Seminar, 2001,989007,氨维乐锌对母猪和哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响,University of Gent, Belgium, 1995,ZINPRO CORPORATION,Int. S - 70,比利时GENT 大学对母猪的研究,农场地点: 比利时的 Houthem 研究者: 比利时Gent大学 - D. Fremaut, J. Aerts, C. Vermes 研究持续时间: 母猪产仔前10 天到断奶。平均断奶日龄为31天 试验动物: 105 头母猪按照胎次和体况分成两组。,Int. S - 72,University of Gent, Belgium, 1995,GENT 大学对母猪研究结果 试验过程,处理: 1. 同时饲喂一种商业饲料 2. 处理: a. 对照组 b. 对照组 + 200 毫克/天 金宝锌 3. Cross fostering was done within treatments,ZINPRO Zinca Zinpro Zinc Methionine University of Gent, Belgium, 1995,Gent大学母猪研究结果 氨维乐锌对仔猪性能的影响,对照组 ZnMet* 改善程度 仔猪重, kg 出生 1.42 1.43 断奶 7.00 7.50 日增重, kg 0.180 0.196 + 8.2 % 粪便评分* 总体评分 2.80 2.91 + 3.9 % 0 - 12 天 2.77 2.95 + 6.5 % 12 天 断奶 2.81 2.89 抗生素处理 需要处理, % 23.0% 3.0% 血浆锌 , mg/dL 5.0 10.5 * Zinpro zinc methionine * 0=拉稀, 3=理想, 5=太硬,母猪饲喂氨维乐锌对仔猪生产性能的影响,a ZINPRO zinc methionine; control + 200 mg complexed Zn daily yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05),母猪研究结果小结,母猪饲喂氨维乐锌 ： 增加仔猪锌状况 改善仔猪肠道发育状况 提高日增重 改善仔猪粪便评分 减少抗生素处理 建议 - 母猪饲料中添加400克/吨氨维乐锌100.,SwBr - 2,氨维乐锌对乳仔猪生长性能的影响,实验步骤,实验地点:美国中西部的大型饲料厂的实验农场 实验动物:19日龄断奶的PIC仔猪 阶段 I: 013天. 阶段 II: 1333天 数量：每栏3或4头,948913,实验日粮,948913,锌的来源和添加量对乳猪生长性能的影响,948913,锌的来源： 无 硫酸锌 50:50 今宝锌 锌的添加量 ppm 0 100 组别 控制组 2 3 4 试验末重 kg 17.96 20.58 21.80 20.90 日增重(全程) kg/天 0.351a 0.430bc 0.471c 0.445bc 日采食量(全程) kg/天 0.476a 0.568bc 0.620c 0.594bc 料重比(全程) 1.360a 1.316b 1.308b 1.332ab 饲养33天 a,b,c, 表示在一行中上标不同表示差异显著 (P0.05) * 金宝蛋氨酸锌复合物,锌的来源和添加水平对日增重的影响,948913,锌的来源和添加水平对日采食量的影响,948913,乳猪饲料中添加蛋氨酸锌,锌的来源和添加水平对猪只试验末重的影响,948913,乳猪饲料中添加蛋氨酸锌,与负对照组相比,两种来源的锌都能改善猪的生长性能. 在所有处理组中,用金宝蛋氨酸锌和硫酸锌以50：50的比例提供的100ppm锌，表现出最佳的改善生长性能的效果.,结论,948913,乳猪饲料中添加蛋氨酸锌,实验过程,试验地点: 阿肯色州立大学 试验动物: 144 头断奶仔猪 0 - 52 日龄 试验设计: 3 x 2 因子设计* 六个日粮处理 每棚6头 每个处理组4棚 试验时间: 阶段 I: 0 - 10 天 阶段 II: 10 38天 阶段 III: 38 52天,乳猪饲料中添加氨维乐锌,* Four of six treatments presented in this report,试验日粮,a American Protein Corporation; b Nutra Blend Corporation c Contains calcium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, sodium selenite, manganous oxide, copper sulfate, calcium iodate and mineral oil,ZINC AND DIET COMPLEXITY IN NURSERY PIGS,971509-B,氨维乐锌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,Z Significant Zn effect (P .05),Daily Gain (g),结果 日增重 MAIN EFFECT - ADDED ZINC,988945-B,Stage: 1 2 1 & 2 3 All,ZINC AND DIET COMPLEXITY IN NURSERY PIGS,b,c Means within a row without a common superscript are different (P0.10) d,e Means within a row without a common superscript are different (P0.05),Final Weight (kg),结果 试验末重 MAIN EFFECT - ADDED ZINC,988945-B,Initial d 10 d 38x d 52,ZINC AND DIET COMPLEXITY IN NURSERY PIGS,x Significant Zn effect (P.05),氨维乐锌对乳猪生长性能 皮毛和血清生化指标的影响,Z SwN - 426,试验 #4,试验 #4 试验条件,地点: 北京中国农业大学；农业部饲料工业中心 研究者: 丁玉华, 李德发, 朴香淑，刑建军 试验设计: 完全随机设计；六个重复；每个重复四头,Z SwN - 428,试验 #4 试验条件,处理方法: 设三个处理组 ，基础日粮的基础上分别添加 ： 80 ppm 硫酸锌 (对照组) 40 ppm 硫酸锌 + 40 ppm氨维乐锌(40 Av-Zn组) 80 ppm 氨维乐锌 (80 Av-Zn组) 试验时间: 七日龄到断奶 (过度料) 断奶后0 到 21 天 (乳猪料) 断奶: 33 日龄,Z SwN - 429,氨维乐锌对仔猪日增重的影响b,断奶后0 到 21 天,Controlc 40 Av-Zn 80 Av-Zn,a AvailaZn zinc amino acid complex b Six replicate pens of four pigs each; fed treatment diets from 7 d of age until 21 d after weaning at 33 d of age c Control = ZnSO4 (80 ppm Zn) d 40 ZnAA = ZnSO4 (40 ppm Zn) + Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) e 80 ZnAA = Availa-Zn (80 ppm Zn),Z SwN - 444,试验 #4,氨维乐锌对仔猪采食量的影响b,断奶后0 到 21 天,Controlc 40 Av-Zn 80 Av-Zn,a AvailaZn zinc amino acid complex b Six replicate pens of four pigs each; fed treatment diets from 7 d of age until 21 d after weaning at 33 d of age c Control = ZnSO4 (80 ppm Zn) d 40 ZnAA = ZnSO4 (40 ppm Zn) + Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) e 80 ZnAA = Availa-Zn (80 ppm Zn),Z SwN - 445,试验 #4,氨维乐锌对仔猪料重比的影响b,断奶后0 到 21 天,Controlc 40 Av-Zn 80 Av-Zn,a AvailaZn zinc amino acid complex b Six replicate pens of four pigs each; fed treatment diets from 7 d of age until 21 d after weaning at 33 d of age c Control = ZnSO4 (80 ppm Zn) d 40 ZnAA = ZnSO4 (40 ppm Zn) + Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) e 80 ZnAA = Availa-Zn (80 ppm Zn),Z SwN - 446,试验 #4,氨维乐锌对仔猪试验末重的影响b,断奶后0 到 21 天,Controlc 40 Av-Zn 80 Av-Zn,a AvailaZn zinc amino acid complex b Six replicate pens of four pigs each; fed treatment diets from 7 d of age until 21 d after weaning at 33 d of age c Control = ZnSO4 (80 ppm Zn) d 40 ZnAA = ZnSO4 (40 ppm Zn) + Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) e 80 ZnAA = Availa-Zn (80 ppm Zn),Z SwN - 447,试验 #4,氨维乐锌对仔猪皮毛的影响c,Controld,40 Av-Zn,80 Av-Zn,a AvailaZn zinc amino acid complex b Score: 1 = very rough hair coat; 2 = rough hair coat; 3 = somewhat smooth hair coat; 4 = smooth hair coat; 5 = very smooth, shiny coat c Six replicate pens of four pigs each; fed treatment diets from 7 d of age until 21 d after weaning at 33 d of age d Control = ZnSO4 (80 ppm Zn) e 40 ZnAA = ZnSO4 (40 ppm Zn) + Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) f 80 ZnAA = Availa-Zn (80 ppm Zn) z Control vs 80 ZnAA (P 0.01); 40 ZnAA vs 80 ZnAA (P 0.01),断奶后第十四天z 断奶后第二十一天z,Z SwN - 452,试验 #4,21 d after weaning,Z SwN - 453,试验 #4,氨维乐锌对乳仔猪研究结果小结,给仔猪饲喂氨维乐锌: 提高增重速度 改善饲料效率 增加血清碱性磷酸酶活性和锌含量 改善皮毛状况 改善肠道发育状况 减少腹泻 减少疾病的发生,建议添加量 乳仔猪饲料中添加 400 800 克/吨氨维乐锌100,Z SwN - 454,氨维乐锌对乳仔猪的研究结果小结,鋅,主要功能 碳水化合物和能量的代謝 蛋白質合成 核酸代謝 上皮組織完整 細胞修補跟分化 維生素A運輸跟利用 增加免疫反應,CTM - 13,氨維乐鋅對大豬的蛋白節省效應,SwN - 299,試驗 #1,a Zn-AA is Zinpro zinc methionine Diets contained zinc from zinc oxide at 100 grams per ton Pig starting weight 54 kg and finished at market weight,氨維乐鋅對中大豬的蛋白節省效應,SwN - 299,a Zn-AA is Zinpro zinc methionine Diets contained zinc from zinc oxide at 100 grams per ton Pig starting weight 54 kg and finished at market weight,試驗 #2,氨維乐鋅100對蛋白質節省的策略,中大豬添加 360-400 克/噸 ; 氨維乐鋅100. 中大豬降低粗蛋白1%. 中豬的賴氨酸不低於 0.8% ，蛋氨酸不低0.42%。 大豬的賴氨酸不低於 0.7% ，蛋氨酸不低0.4%。,氨維樂鋅100對降低粗蛋白的使用利益,降低粗蛋白節省飼料成本，提供添加氨維乐鋅空間. 總飼料成本幾乎一樣. 改善皮毛性狀. 增進免疫功能. 改善生長速率.,氨维乐铁对乳仔猪生长性能的影响,试验条件,地点: 台湾中兴大学 研究者: 余碧博士 试验动物: 78 头21日龄断奶仔猪 试验设计: 完全随机设计 六组试验日粮 每棚六头仔猪,SwN - 296,试验 #1,试验日粮,SwN - 297,a Availa-Fe iron amino acid complex Yu et al., 2000. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech 86:39-52,试验 #1,氨维乐铁水平对仔猪生长性能的影响,SwN - 299,a Positive control (Control, basal diet containing 100 ppm Fe from FeSO4), positive control + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex (FeAA), positive control + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA and positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4 Yu et al., 2000. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech 86:39-52,试验 #1,氨维乐铁对仔猪血红蛋白浓度的影响,SwN - 308,a Positive control (Control, basal diet containing 100 ppm Fe from FeSO4), positive control + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex (FeAA), positive control + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA and positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4 wxyz Within a row, means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05) Yu et al., 2000. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech 86:39-52,试验 #1,SwN - 310.1,氨维乐铁对仔猪血红蛋白浓度的影响,a Positive control (Control, basal diet containing 100 ppm Fe from FeSO4), positive control + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex (FeAA), positive control + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA and positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4 wxyz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05) Yu et al., 2000. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech 86:39-52,试验 #1,氨维乐铁对仔猪皮肤颜色的影响,SwN - 314,a Positive control (Control, basal diet containing 100 ppm Fe from FeSO4), positive control + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex (FeAA), positive control + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA and positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4 b ab value of L.a.b. determination represent degree of redness and yellowness, respectively xyz Within a row, means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05) Yu et al., 2000. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech 86:39-52,试验 #1,氨维乐铁对仔猪皮肤颜色的影响a,SwN - 315,第14天b,a Positive control (Control, basal diet containing 100 ppm Fe from FeSO4), positive control + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex (FeAA), positive control + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA and positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4 b ab value of L.a.b. determination represent degree of redness and yellowness, respectively xyz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05) Yu et al., 2000. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech 86:39-52,试验 #1,氨维乐铁对仔猪皮肤颜色的影响a,SwN - 316,第 35天b,a Positive control (Control, basal diet containing 100 ppm Fe from FeSO4), positive control + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex (FeAA), positive control + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA and positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4 b ab value of L.a.b. determination represent degree of redness and yellowness, respectively xyz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05) Yu et al., 2000. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech 86:39-52,试验 #1,氨维乐铁对仔猪皮肤颜色的影响,SwN - 317,a Positive control (Control, basal diet containing 100 ppm Fe from FeSO4), positive control + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex (FeAA), positive control + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA, positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA and positive control + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4,试验 #1,结论,以氨维乐铁的形式添加复合铁，增加仔猪皮肤的红色 氨维乐铁改善仔猪铁的状况，如血红蛋白浓度、血球容积比、血浆铁和总铁结合能力,SwN - 318,试验 #1,实验条件,地点: 四川农业大学 研究者: 王之盛博士 实验动物: 140 头杜洛克 X长白 X大白三元杂交断奶 仔猪 实验时间: 35 天 实验设计: 七个处理组 每个处理组五个重复 每个重复(棚)四头猪,Z SwN - 498,试验 #2,实验过程,Z SwN - 499,评价皮肤红度、亮度和毛发 每个因子的评分是1到3，3是最理想的 最后评分是3个因子评分的累加值,皮肤和毛发评分体系,试验 #2,实验处理,a AvailaFe iron amino acid complex,Z SwN - 500,试验#2,氨维乐铁对仔猪末重的影响,NC PC 30 FeAA 60 FeAA 90 FeAA 120 FeAA 120 ISO,Final Weight, kg,处理a,a NC (Negative Control, no added iron); PC (Positive Control, negative control with 100 ppm added Fe from FeSO4); 30 FeAA (PC + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex); 60 FeAA (PC + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA); 90 FeAA (PC + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA); 120 FeAA (PC + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA) and 120 ISO (PC + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4) xyz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05),Z SwN - 501,试验 #2,氨维乐铁对仔猪日增重的影响,NC PC 30 FeAA 60 FeAA 90 FeAA 120 FeAA 120 ISO,Daily Gain, kg,处理a,a NC (Negative Control, no added iron); PC (Positive Control, negative control with 100 ppm added Fe from FeSO4); 30 FeAA (PC + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex); 60 FeAA (PC + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA); 90 FeAA (PC + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA); 120 FeAA (PC + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA) and 120 ISO (PC + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4) xyz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P 0.05),Z SwN - 502,试验 #2,氨维乐铁对仔猪采食量的影响,NC PC 30 FeAA 60 FeAA 90 FeAA 120 FeAA 120 ISO,Daily Feed Intake, kg,处理a,a NC (Negative Control, no added iron); PC (Positive Control, negative control with 100 ppm added Fe from FeSO4); 30 FeAA (PC + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex); 60 FeAA (PC + 60 ppm Fe from FeAA); 90 FeAA (PC + 90 ppm Fe from FeAA); 120 FeAA (PC + 120 ppm Fe from FeAA) and 120 ISO (PC + 120 ppm Fe from FeSO4),Z SwN - 503,试验 #2,氨维乐铁对仔猪料重比的影响,NC PC 30 FeAA 60 FeAA 90 FeAA 120 FeAA 120 ISO,Feed/Gain,处理a,a NC (Negative Control, no added iron); PC (Positive Control, negative control with 100 ppm added Fe from FeSO4); 30 FeAA (PC + 30 ppm Fe from AvailaFe iron amino acid complex); 60 FeAA (PC + 60 ppm