粗镍铁精炼手册_ТИ-01-КРУ.doc

Pobuzhsky Iron Nickel Integrated Works Limited Liability Company 批准批准: 总工 : Approved: Chief engineer Technological Instruction 77.120 31076956 01 03- 2009 工艺规程工艺规程 77.120 31076956 01 03- 2009 on refinement of crude ferronickel with product making 粗镍铁精炼及产品收得粗镍铁精炼及产品收得 有效期 : Valid: /since_2011. /till _20. 2 2011 TPK UKRSPETSSTAL LLC POBUZHSKY IRON NICKEL INTEGRATED WORKS LLC 目录目录 CONTENT /名称名称 /Name 页页 /page 1.综述 General 3 . 2.原料，溶剂，燃料，及主要工艺材料特性 , , Characteristics of raw material, fuel and main technological materials 3-4 . 3.粗镍铁精炼 Refinement of crude ferronickel 5 . 3.1.炉外脱硫 Out-of-furnace desulphuration 5 . 3.2.炉次炉料的配料 Burdening of melting 5-6 . 3.3.“酸性”转炉中的精炼 Refinement in the “acid” converter 6-8 . 3.4.“碱性”转炉中的精炼 Refinement in the “main” converter 8-9 . 3 3.5.废气净化 Purification of waste gases 9-10 . 3.6.镍铁的脱氧 Deoxidation of ferronickel 10 . 3.7.镍铁的浇注 Teeming of ferronickel 10-12 . 4.主要工艺设备特性 Characteristics of the main technological equipment 12-13 . 5.能源，氧，氮，水的供应 -, -, - Power-, oxygen-, nitrogen- and water supply 13 . 6.安全生产的特殊条件 Special safety conditions of the process 13-15 . 7.商品产品特性 Product characteristics 15 . 1.1.The given Instruction is a resumptive document on converter-teeming treatment of the metallurgical shop and it stipulates sole and compulsory regulations for technological personnel regarding manufacturing of nickel products. 1.1.本规程为冶炼车间转炉-浇注工作的综合 文件，其生产商品镍铁的主要条款对所有工 艺人员是统一的和必须的 1.2. - . 1.2. It includes the main guiding principals on the refinement process and teeming of ferronickel products, maintenance of the department equipment as well. 1.2.包含了精炼和商品镍铁浇注生产过程以及该 工段设备维护的主要指导条款 4 , . 1.3. The regulations are compulsory for fulfillment by the staff of the metallurgical shop converter-teeming department of plant and persons from third-party companies which can be present at the given working zone in case of production necessity as well. 1.3. 规程的条款为公司冶炼车间转炉-浇注工段 人员和因生产需要短时位于该工段工作平台上 外来的人员必须执行的。 - , , . 1.4. The maintenance staff engaged in different works at the equipment of the converter- teeming department should be acquainted with the Instructions against signature. 1.4. 转炉-浇注工段各种工作的外来维护人员必 须熟悉本规程各条款。 , - . 1.5.The Instructions should permanently be in working zones (at a distribution center). 1.5. 规程应永久放在工作地点（分配室） ( ). 1.6. Workers, engineers and technicians to the proper party are made responsible for carrying out the given Instructions. 1.6. 工人和各职务的工程技术人员对遵守规程负 责。 . 1.7. The Metallurgical Shop Superintendent, his Deputy on technology, the Senior foremen of the converter-teeming department, foremen, personnel of the production control department, the production and technical department are made to control carrying out of the given Instructions. 1.7.监督本规程的执行是冶炼车间主任，其工艺 副主任，转炉-浇注工段工长，当班工长，技术 监督处，生产处工作人员的责任。 , , () - , () , , - . 5 1. 综述综述 1.8. The detailed scope of works, description of instructions and operations of the every particular worker in different situation are stipulated by paced instructions, procedures or short-term instructions. 1.8.更详细的工作组成，每个具体的工作和状况 下的规程由操作规程，工作方法或临时规程确 定。 , , , . 1.9.At the converter-teeming department of the metallurgical shop, consisting of converter and teeming treatment ferronickel is refined with product making and cast into pigs (ingots) or pellets which are transported to a warehouse. 1.9. 在由转炉及其他各工序组成的冶炼车间转炉 -浇注工段内进行粗镍铁的精炼并收得商品产品， 浇注成锭子或颗粒，然后送至成品库 。 - , , , () , . 1.10. Refined ferronickel of -5 type is a finished product. 1.10. 商品产品为牌号 -5 的精炼镍铁。 - 5. 1.11. The given type conforms to 27.3- 31076956-009:2005 (valid till 2015), chemistry of finished product ferronickel (Supplement No2 to Supplementary agreement 14 of 25.11.08 of the Contract on processing of customer-supplied raw materials 1045/05 of 15.12.05 Table 1. 1.11. 所述镍铁牌号符合 27.3-31076956- 009:2005 (有效期至 2015 年) ，商品镍铁的化 学成分 ，05.12.15 1045/05 自备材料加工合 同 08.11.25 14 补充协议附录 2 27.3-31076956-009:2005 ( 2015 ), 2 14 25.11.08. 1045/05 15.12.05 表 1 1. 6 GENERAL 表 1 1. Table 1. %NiCoCSiCrPSFe min17,050mm and packing. 3.7.2. 浇铸粒料在镍铁粒化设备进行。镍铁的礼 花设备用于生产镍铁粒料，粒度如下：50 毫米以及包装好的料。 . , :50 . 3.7.2.1. Temperature of metal granulation should be minimum - 1560, maximum -1590. 3.7.2.1. 粒化时的铁水温度应该最低 1560，最 高 1590。 33 - 1560, -1590. 3.7.2.2. With the tilting device metal is poured in the launder lined with refractory bricks. Metal tapping speed is 1,0 0,8 t/min and is regulated by inclination of the tilting device 3.7.2.2. 使用铁水倾翻设备将铁水倒入料槽，料 槽中有耐火砖里衬。铁水浇铸的速度为 1.0 到 1.8 吨/分钟，并调节倾翻装置的倾斜角度。 , . 1,0-0,8 / . 3.7.2.2. From the launder liquid ferronickel flows into the granulation basin. Passing through the lay of water ferronickel is cooled and hardened forming pellets. Maximum temperature of the basin water should not exceed +55. 3.7.2.3. 液体镍铁从溜槽流到带有水的粒化池中。 镍铁穿过水层冷却变成硬状态，形成颗粒。粒化 池中水的温度最高不能超过+55。 . , . +55. 3.7.2.4. There are ways in the basin providing settling of pellets on the band conveyer. Angle of ascent of the conveyers inclined part is 15. 3.7.2.4. 为了操作粒料在粒化池中装有导向， 保证粒料沉淀到传送带上。传送带的倾斜部分的 提升角度为 15。 , . 15. 3.7.2.5. At the outlet of the granulation basin granulate is forwarded into the drying chamber. Metal temperature at the outlet of the drying chamber should not exceed 65, moisture not more 3,0%. 3.7.2.6. Dry granulate is forwarded via discharging chute on the unbalanced-throw screen consisting of two screening surfaces for its separation into three fractions: 2-50mm (product), 50mm, then in collecting bin of 4,3m3 volume. Breakage and ferronickel fraction 50mm are forwarded for processing in the converter. 3.7.2.5. 在粒化池的出口粒料运至干燥室。干燥 室出口的金属温度应该不高于 65，湿度不大 于 3.0%。 . 65, 3,0%. 3.7.2.6. 干燥颗粒通过管道进入惯性筛，惯性筛 由两层筛面组成，这为了筛分三种粒度，2-50 毫 米（成品），50 毫米， 然后到存储料仓，料仓容积为 4.3 立方米。粉末 和颗粒大于 50 毫米的镍铁返回转炉重新加工。 , , : 2-50 ( ),50, , 4,33. 50 . 34 3.7.2.7. Ferronickel granulation process takes 30-40 min. After each two hours. 3.7.2.7. 镍铁的粒化过程需要 30 到 40 分钟。每 隔两小时一次。 30-40 . . 3.7.2.8. Main granulation parameters are given in Table 10. 3.7.2.8. 粒化的主要参数见表 10。 10. 表 10. Table 10. /主要参数名称 Names of main parameters 值 Value 1. 2. 3. 浇铸能力吨/小时 , /(/) Cast output, t/hour 颗粒堆积密度，吨/立方米 , /3 Granulate bulk density t/m3 粒度 /fractions % 50/mm /to 80/mm. 84,0 (23,3) 3,6 4,7 2,0 93,5 4,5 4. 主要工艺设备的特性 Characteristics of the main technological equipment 4.1. Refinement of crude ferronickel is performed in vertical oxygen-blown converters with oxygen overdraught of 1-30 type. For the “acid” and “main” stages two converters were installed per each: one is in operation, another one is in standby. Technical specification is given in Table 11: . 4.1. 生镍铁的精炼在垂直氧气转炉中进行，转炉 采用顶部吹氧，型号是 1-30。为进行 酸性和碱性精炼要配备两台转炉：一备 一用。工艺特性见表 11。 1-30. : , - . 11: 表 11. Table 11. / 参数名称 Names of figures 单位 . . Unit “酸性”转炉 “Acid” converter “碱性”转炉 “Main” converter” 1.转炉容积：加入生镍铁和冷料的总重 Converter volume per total weight of crude ferronickel and cold additions /t50,050,0 35 2. 熔炼产品的重量 /Weight of product melt /t/to 46 /to 40 3.转炉的工作容积 Converter working volume 3 m3 44,038,0 4.2. Safety lining either for “acid” or for “main” converters are made in the same way with the same refractory bricks XM marks (chrome- magnesium) or (chromitite-periclase). 4.2. 酸性转炉和碱性转炉的炉衬安全里衬是一样 的布局，使用同样牌号的耐火砖 XM（铬镁砖） 和 X（铬铁方镁石）。 , , () () 4.3. Working lining of converters for “acid” stage is performed with silica bricks of -12 or -13, -7 marks (the “acid” converter), for the “main” stage (“main” converter) chromitepericlase bricks of , -14,15,17 marks, periclasechromite -2,5,6,7, periclasecarbonic bricks of FT - 9605S3, 9710F, 9715F-C marks. 4.3. “酸性”转炉的工作耐材使用硅砖 -12, -13, -7(“酸性”转炉)，“碱性”阶段 （“碱性”转炉）使用铬铁方镁石安全炉衬，牌 号是 ,-14,15 或者是含碳方镁石 FT - 9605S3, 9710F, 9715F-C。 -12 -13, -7 ( ), ( ) - ,-14,15,17, - -2,5,6,7 FT - 9605S3, 9710F, 9715F-C. 4.4. Metal transporting ladles of 5m3 volume capacity and taking 40t of metal are used for transportation of crude ferronickel from an electric furnace to the “acid” converter, from “acid” to the “ main” one and then for casting. 4.4. 将生镍铁从电炉运到“酸性”转炉，从“酸 性”转炉运到“碱性”转炉，以及下一步运去浇 铸都是使用铁水包，铁水包容积为 5 立方米，容 量为 40 吨铁水。 , 53, 40 . 4.5. Slag draining from the ”main” and ”acid” converter is performed in slag cast bowls of 8m3 volume capacity installed in seats of metal transporting cars. 4.5. “酸性”转炉和“碱性”转炉出来的炉渣倒 入渣罐车上的 8 立方米渣罐中。 83, 36 . 4.6. Metal transporting ladles and slag bowls as well as other loads are transported in the main span of the melting shop with a traveling crane of 75/15 tons carrying capacity. 4.6. 在熔炼车间内铁水包，渣罐的运输，以及其 他主要跨之间的运输利用两台 75/15 吨桥式天 车进行。 , 75/15 . 4.7. There is a traveling crane of 50/10 tons carrying capacity in the Repair department for repairing and lining of ladles and transfer of loads into the span. 4.7. 在冶炼车间的维修段有体态 50/10 吨桥式天 车用于铁水包炉衬维修以及过跨运输。 50/10 . 5. 电力，氧气，氮气和供水 -, -, - . Power-, oxygen-, nitrogen- and water supply 5.1. The oxygen -, compressed air-, nitrogen- and recycled water supply scheme is given in Fig. 1,2,3,4. Power supply scheme is included in the Electric Installations Maintenance Instructions and is at the working place. 5.1. 氮气供应，循环水，氧气，压缩空气流程图 见图 1,2,3,4。电力供应图在电气设备维护说明中 说明在工作位置。 , , .1,2,3,4. . 6. 工艺过程的特殊安全说明 . Special safety conditions of the process 6.1. Ferronickel refinement in the oxygen-blown converters is characterized with quick changes of organizational and technological operations. As a result such hazardous operations as: - transportation and conveying of liquid ferronickel in the converter; - blasting of metal ; - ferronickel discharge from the converter and slag draining are repeated at the each working converter every 30-40 minutes. Cranes with liquid metal and slag, scoops with scrap and other materials are traveling over working places. Converters and their electric drives, tuyere plugs 6.1. 镍铁在“酸性”转炉中的精炼特点是工艺 和组织操作的快速更换。这些危险操作包括： - 镍铁水运送到转炉 - 铁水吹炼 - 从转炉出镍铁和出渣 每台工作转炉应每 30 到 40 分钟重复操 作。 在很多工作地点有天车吊运液体金属和 渣子，铲废钢和其他的材料。 在转炉跨给转炉配有电气传动，转炉氧 枪，丙烷-丁烷供给用拆卸装置，气体支管系 统，渣车，铁水包车，燃烧器和其它设备。 连铸机是最复杂的设备，带有很多可移 动部件。在渣场进行装炉料的装载和卸料， 37 for oxygen supply into converters, removable devices for propane-butane supply, gas-collecting systems, slag cars, metal carriers, ladles, burners, etc. are installed in the converter span. A casting machine is a complex aggregate with a lot of moving parts. Charge materials are unloaded and loaded, magnetic-grab cranes work and slag is crushed at the slag yard. Working converters, melted metal and slag are very heat-causing. These factors are very hazardous and claim extraordinary attention from workers of the converter section. They must strictly observe safety, operational and tag system (personal keys under workers responsibility) regulations. 使用磁力抓斗天车，并破碎渣。 转炉在工作状态，熔炼金属和渣会释放 出大量的