常用写作词汇总汇D.doc

常用写作词汇总汇DB.基本表达除了以上这些词的表达外，在涉及当今社会问题，科技发展和校园生活得说明文或议论文得写作中，掌握一些基本表达法对于词汇的变化是很有意义的。如：越来越：beincreasingly+adj.,beontherise,thegrowingnumberof人们认为：itisgenerally/widelybelieved/held/agreedthat许多问题：ahostof/amultitudeofproblems引起人们注意：claimcall/attractgeneral/public/worldattentiontosth.意识到：thereisagrowingawareness/realizationof/that,awakensb.Tothefact/danger适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftonewenvironment/change接触各种思想、经历：beexposedtonewideas/experience/problems接触社会：comeintofrequent/closecontactwiththeworld/society获得成功：achieve/accomplishsuccess提出观点、建议：advance/putforward/comeupwitharguments/ideas/suggestions作出努力：maketremendous/persistent/sustainedefforttodosth.,takegreatpainstodo(withwork/study)影响学习、工作：interferewithstudies/work产生影响：have/exertaprofoundinfluenceonlife/personality,haveadramatic/undesirableeffecton较好地驾驭生活：beabetterpilotofoneslife剥夺机会/权利：depriveoneselfofthechance/right/opportunity采取旧的方式：substitutefor/taketheplaceoftheoldway采取措施：takeeffectivesteps/measuresto控制我们的环境：take/gainincreasingcontroloverourenvironment躲避危险/挑战：shy/runawayfromthedanger/challenge满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodatethedemandof补偿损失：compensatefor/makeupfortheloss/damage解释某现象：accountfor/explainthephenomenon对很好的了解：haveabetterunderstanding/appreciationof,haveanewperspevtiveon,provide/gainaninsightinto把某因素考虑进去：takesth.Intoaccount(consideration),givrmuchthoughtto品味人生、自由、青春：savorthelife/freedom/youth培养对的信心：develop/fosteronesinterest/confidencein经历变化、困难、艰险：undergo/experiencegreatchange/hardships/experience表现出自信心等：projectonesconfidence/feeling/image生活充满不公正的地方：lifeisfullofminorirritation/injustice追求学习职业：pursueonesacademicinterest/professionalcareer学习知识、技术：pursue/acquireknowledge/technology/skill被看作学习的榜样：beheldupasangoodexample交流经验、知识：shareexperience/ideas/problems/knowledge发挥、起到重要作用：playan(important/active/great)role/part逃学、缺课：skipschool/aclass/ameeting/alecture知识、经验丰富：richinknowledge/experience确立、追求目标：set/pursueagoal/higherstandard达到目标：achieve/accomplish/attainthegoal/aim/objective克服困难：overcomeobstacles/difficulty面临危险、困难：beconfronted(faced)with/inthefaceofdanger/difficulty阻碍了成功：standinthewayofsuccess,beanobstacle/barriertosuccess/growth阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stuntthedevelopmentof持传统的看法：holdconventionalwisdom发表看法：voice/expressonesopinion持相反/合理的观点：taketheopposite/freshview揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatterthemythof求得帮助：enlistonessupport/help缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fillthegap/gulf(betweencityandcountry)把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/owethesuccess/failureto对很重要：beindispensable.Important/vitalto施加压力：put/exertaacademicpressureon重视：assign/attachmuchimportance/significanceto强调：place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueon把注意力集中在：focus/concentrateonesattention/efforts/thoughtsupon提供机会、信息：provide/offer/furnishanopportunity/informationforsb.抓住机会：grab/seize/taketheopportunity得到机会：enjoy/gainaccesstoaopportunity/information有可能：thereis(little/much)possibility/likelihoodthat,chances/theoddsarethat展开竞争：completeagainst/withsb.fortheprize/position/control/themasteryof开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)campaign(for/against)对我很有/没有什么意义：makemuch/littlesensetome带来无穷的幸福，满足：beasourceofhappinesssatisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint献身于：devote/dedicateoneselftoacause/career大不一样（没啥两样）：makemuch(little/no)difference真正重要的是：whatreallymatters/countsis改变生活旅程：change/alterthecourseoflife建立在大量的学习，实践上：builtontremendousamountofstudy/practice进行调查，执行任务：conduct/carryoutanstudy/task/experiment辞去工作/学习：leave/quitonesjob/work/school参加考试竞争等：enter(for)theexamination/contest,race参加活动、讨论：takepart/participate/beengagedinsports/activities/discussion影响思想、态度、事件的形成：shapeonesthinking/attitude进入大学、社会、家庭、劳力市场、职业：enteraschool/college/society/theworkforce/professionals实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieveonesdream(hopes/wish/desire)减轻压力、紧张：reduce/alleviate/relievethestress/pressure/tension提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgradesocialstatus/position/standingrisetothepositionofleadership提高技术、能力：sharpen(increasing/improve/enhance/boost)onesskill/ability加快、促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost/thedevelopmentof随着生活节奏的加快：withthequickeningpace/rhythm/tempoofmodernlife/society开阔眼界、兴趣：broadenonesinterest/outlook,expand(broaden/enlarge)onesmentalhorizons有助于了解、发展、宣传、解决：contributemuch/little/greatlytoabetterunderstandingof/thepopularityof/thegrowthof/solvingtheproblem有助于解决问题：goalongwayto(towards)solvingtheproblem迷恋名利、分数：beobsessed/preoccupiedwithgrades/fame/fortune把时间花费、浪费在：spend/wastetimedoingsth.,putinhoursdoingsth.利用机会、技术：make(full/better)useof/takeadvantageofopportunity/time,tap/harnesstechnologypotential/skills/talent把知识、经验运用到：apply/putthetheory/knowledge/experiencetopractice/dailylife/gooduse取得进步：makemuchprogress/strides/gainsin充分发挥潜力、能力：developonesability/potentialtothefull,givefullplaytoonesability充满激情、渴望：haveaburningdesire/agreatpassionfor再如：“好学生”，大多数学生就是用goodstudents。而英语中表示“好学生”的有很多：topstudents,smartstudents,giftedstudents,superiorstudents,excellentstudents,outstandingstudents此外，表示“学生”也不一定用students，可用schoolboysandgirls或collegepopulations等等。问题不在于这个表达比那个表达好，而在于变化，在一篇文章中尽可能用不同的词来表达同一个意思。我们来看下面一些词语变化的实际应用。1)TheprincipalofagreatPhiladelphiahighschoolisdriventocryforhelpincombatingthenotionthatundemocratictorunaspecialprogramofstudiesforoutstandingboysandgirls.Again,whenagoodindependentschoolinMemphisrecentlyclosed,somethoughtfulcitizensurgedthatitbetakenoverbythepublicschoolsystemandusedforboysandgirlsofhighability,thatithaveentrancerequirementsandgivenanadvancedprogramofstudiestosuperiorstudentswhowereinterestedandabletotakeit.SeymourSt.John:TheFifthFreedom好学校：agreathighschool,agoodindependentschool高级课程：aspecialprogramofstudies,anadvancedprogramofstudies好学生：outstandingstudents,boysandgirlsofhighability,superiorstudents2)Hardworkisntthewholestoryeither.Someofthesehigh-achievingstudentsactuallyputinfewerhoursthantheirlower-scoringclassmates.Thestudentsatthetopoftheclassgetherebymasteringafewbasictechniquesthatotherscaneasilylearn.Here,accordingtoeducationexpertsandstudentsthemselves,arethesecretsofAstudents.EdwinKiester:SecretsofAstudents成绩优秀学生：high-achievingstudents,Thestudentsatthetopoftheclass,Astudents3)IsthesoleaimofmostAmericanstomakemoneyandpossessluxurieswhichcouldbecalledexcessive?ThemajorityofAmericanswouldcertainlydenythis,thoughmostfeelproudtoamasswealthandpossessionsthroughhardwork.TheAmericanCharacter大多数美国人：mostAmericans，ThemajorityofAmericans积累财富：makemoneyandpossessluxuries，amasswealthandpossessions4)Indeed,asoneimaginetheundergroundworldtobecomeincreasinglyelaborate,onecanvisualizemuchofthefoodsupplyeventuallyderivingfromhydroponicgrowthinartificiallyillustratedareasunderground.IsaacAsimov想象：imagine,visualize5)Thepressandtelevisionkeepshowingusthefaultsofthepublicfigures,untilwelosefaithandstartlookingfordefectsinanypersonwhoseemworthyofrespect.Inaneighbororastatesman,wetrytodiscovertheweaknessoruglymotivesthatsurelyhidingbehindhisnobleactions.AChangingScene缺点：faults,defects,theweakness6)Retirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingthe“WhatdoIdowithmyselftoday?”question,eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialcares.Largenumbersofpeopleregularlygetheadachesandotherillnessesonweekendswhentheydonthavetheirjobstogoto,andmustfendforthemselves.Ithasbeenobservedthatunemployment,quiteasidefromexertingfinancialpressures,bringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless.LeonardR.Sayles问题：problems,question,troubles经济拮据：financialcares,financialpressures许多：many,Largenumbersof,enormous，人：people,individuals失业：unemployment,jobless7)Aseniorexecutivesinstinctivecapacitytoempathizewithandgaininsightsfromcustomersisthemostimportantskillheorshecanusetodirecttechnologies,productandserviceofferings,indeed,allelementsofacompanysstrategicposture.PeoplelikeBillGatesbroughtthisabilitytotheenterprisestheyfound.Withoutit,theirventuresmighthavebeenshort-livedoratleastfatlesssuccessful.Butmanytop-levelmanagers,particularlythoseatindustrialcompanies,considercustomercontactthebailiwickofsalesandmarketingstaff.现代英汉翻译操作高级经理：seniorexecutive,top-levelmanagers公司企业：companies,enterprises,ventures能力：capacity,skill,ability8)Thepersonalcomputerrevolutionhappenedandithasaffectedmillionsoflives.Ithasledustoplaceswehadbarelyimagined.Weareallbeginninganothergreatjourney.Wearentsurewherethisonewillleaduseither,butagainIamcertainthisrevolutionwilltouchevenmorelivesandtakeusallfather.ThebenefitsandproblemsarisingfromthisupcomingcommunicationsrevolutionwillbemuchgreaterthanthosebroughtaboutbyPCrevolution.BillGates影响：affect,touch把我们带到：leadus,takeus引起：arisingfrom,broughtabout9)Whatwasitthatenabledthemtobecomegreat?Weretheybornwithsomethingspecial?Ordidtheirgreatnesshavemoretodowithtiming,devotionand,perhaps,anuncompromisingpersonality?.Aneversurrenderattitude.Ifgreatachieversshareanything,itisanunrelentingdrivetosucceed.Thereisatendencytothinkthattheyareendowedwithsomethingsuper-normal.MichaelRyan天生：bebornwith,beendowedwith特别的：somethingspecial,somethingsuper-normal永不屈服的精神：Aneversurrenderattitude,anunrelentingdrivetosucceed伟人：becomegreat,anuncompromisingpersonality,greatachievers/replyview21)Sure,everyonewantstobefinanciallycomfortable,butwealsowanttofeelthatwehaveaperspectiveontheworldbeyondtheconfinesofouroccupation.Whileitistruethateveryoneneedsacareer,itsequallytruethatourcivilizationhasamassedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfromourownandthatwearebetterforourunderstandingoftheseothercontributions.Moreimportant,perhaps,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds.虽然，但：Surebut,Whileitistruethat,itsequallytruethat了解：haveaperspectiveon,arebetterforourunderstandingof,seetheconnectionsbetweenthings看的更远：beyondtheconfinesofouroccupation,farremovedfromourown,seebeyondourimmediateneeds 22)Ourgreatignoranceaboutthedistantpastalsomakesitdifficulttoidentifygreatmen.Forexample,nooneknowswhoinventedthewheelordiscoveredtheproductiveuseoffire.Littleisknowabouttheinventionofwritingandofnumbers.不知道：ignorance,nooneknows,Littleisknowabout23)Byshowingourgratitudewemakeroutinerelationshipshumanandrendermonotonoustasksmoreagreeable.使：make,render24)Becauseoftheirintelligenceandrefusaltoconformtosocietysandintellectualvalues,manyaredeprivedofachancetolearnadequatesocialskillsandacquiregoodcommunicationtools.学习：learnadequate,acquiregood25)TheforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolateshimselfinthelaboratoryasameansofprotectionBoththevisitingprofessorandhisdentslackbackgroundineachothersculture.SomeconceptofwhatisalreadyinthemindsofAmericanstudentsisrequiredbytheforeignprofessor.Whilehelpinghimtoadapthimselftohisnewenvironment,theuniversitymustalsomakecertainadjustmentsinordertotakefulladvantageofwhatthenewcomercanoffer.Itisntalwaysknownhowtomakecreativeuseofforeignfaculty,especiallyatsmallercolleges.Thisisthoughttobeafieldwherefurtherstudyiscalledfor.外国教师：Theforeignresearchscholar,thevisitingprofessor,theforeignprofessor,thenewcomer,foreignfaculty利用：takefulladvantageof,makeuseof需要：isrequired,iscalledfor26)Whenastudentsworkdidnotmeasureuptotheteachersexpectations,thestudentwasnottreatedwithdisappointment,angerorannoyance.Instead,theteacherassumedthatthiswasanexception,anaccident,andthestudentbelievedher.Thenexttimearound,hetriedharder,determinedtoliveuptowhattheteacherknewhecoulddo.Tocommunicatetoachildthatheisbestconsistsaleveltoneshowingassurance,alackofverbalimpatience,andanabsenceofnegativequalities.Thisistransmittednotonlythroughthevoice,butalsointheattitude,intouch,andinfacialexpression.期望：theteachersexpectations,theteacherknewhecoulddo不辜负：tomeasureupto,toliveupto没有：alackof,anabsenceof话音：tone,voice传递：tocommunicate,betransmitted27)Therewasaconstantreassuringtonethattoldthemtheywoulddowell,verywell.ThechildrenpickedupthesesignalsandreactedpositivelytothemTheyabsorbedallthemessagesandperformedaccordingly.收到：pickup,absorb信息：signals,messages积极反应：reactedpositively,performedaccordingly28)Studiesshowthat,onaverage,womenperformbetterinallaspectsoflanguageusage.Thedifferencesshowupearly:girlsbegintalkingbeforeboys,havevocabulariesatanearlierage.Datashowthatgirlsscorehigherthanboysinreadingandwriting.Verbalsuperioritymaycontinueintoadulthood.Studiesshowthatwomenexcelatcertainverbal-fluencytests.Someresearchershavealsofoundthatwomenaremoreadeptatlearningforeignlanguagesthanmenare.AccordingtopsychologistKimura,womenoutpe