2010年自考工学类计算机应用技术串讲笔记汇总.doc

（一）段首句 1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为 There are different opinions among people as to _ .Some people suggest that _. 2. 俗话说（常言道），它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying_. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，；其次，。更为糟糕的是。 Today, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, _ Second,_. What makes things worse is that_. 4. 现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外（而且）。 Nowadays，it is common to _. Many people like _ because _. Besides，_. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说），在他们看来， Peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. Some people say that _.To them,_. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem _ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. 已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 _ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. 在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 _ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出。很显然，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that_ while. Obviously，_，but why? （二）中间段落句 1. 相反，有一些人赞成，他们相信，而且，他们认为。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of _.At the same time，they say_. 2. 但是，我认为这不是解决的好方法，比如。最糟糕的是。 But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _.For example，_.Worst of all，_. 3. 对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，。而且，最重要的是 _is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First，_.Whats more, _.Most important of all,_. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can_ 5. 面临，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来。一方面，另一方面， Confronted with_，we should take a series of effective measures to_. For one thing，_For another，_ 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说，另外。所有这些方法肯定会。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _.In addition. _.All these measures will certainly_. 7. 为什么？第一个原因是；第二个原因是；第三个原因是。总的来说，的主要原因是由于 Why_? The first reason is that _.The second reason is _.The third is _.For all this, the main cause of _due to _. 8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，也有它的不利的一面，象。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, _also has its own disadvantages, such as _. 9. 尽管如此，我相信更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that _is more advantageous. 10. 完全同意这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that _ because_. （三）结尾句 1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为 As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that _. 2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of _.Only in this way can _in the future. 3. 但是，和都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，而。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢） But _and _have their own advantages. For example, _, while_. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to_. 4. 就我个人而言，我相信，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为 Personally, I believe that_. Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because_. 5. 随着社会的发展，。因此，迫切需要。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, _.So its urgent and necessary to _.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 6. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为更合理。只有这样，我们才能 For my part, I think it reasonable to_. Only in this way can you _. 7. 对我来说，我认为有必要。原因如下：第一，； 第二，；最后但同样重要的是 In my opinion, I think it necessary to_. The reasons are as follows. First _.Second _. Last but not least,_. 8. 在总体上很难说是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现。 It is difficult to say whether _is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of_. However, from a personal point of view find_. 9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论 From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that_. 10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是 If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_. There is an old saying: where there is a will, there is a way. It tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality that anyone who wants to achieve success. It can contribute a lot to ones success.Although “All roads lead to Rome”, none of them is completely smooth. Our life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give up. At the crucial moment, strong will helps a lot. As a matter of fact, the ability to work through difficult situation and unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger and more capable. In other words, if we want to realize lifes goal, we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.From what has been discussed above, we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to everyone. With a strong will, including our knowledge, we will be able to deal with any situation in our life. Whatever we do, as long as we stick to and do not give up easily, we will realize the goal at last.四级写作体裁有三种：论说文、应用文及图表作文。论说文有三种：问题解决型、观点对比型和现象描述型。本次四级考试的作文题目为 Succeeds Without a Strong Will属于论说文。本文的整体内容可以分为三段，中心应该围绕“where there is a will, there is a way”，首段可以通过“戒烟很简单，但是不坚持，也是不能成功的”得出“万事都需要坚持”，从而确定整篇文章的中心论点。第二段主要应聚焦于论证“意志坚定的人才能够完成伟大的使命”，可以通过以下几个句子，如Life is not all roses;Adversity is a good discipline.等句子来论证：坚定的意志是成功的必要阶段。此段为文章的主体段落，需要在保证文章通顺、逻辑清晰的基础上，注重语言的精彩，可以通过复合句的使用和排比的修辞方法来达到。第三段论证“学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才”，此段可以将文章的中心议题和大学生的生活贴近，联系学生自己的日常生活，从而更具现实性和普遍性，学生也可以从中得出“学习并非坦途，需要坚持不懈的努力”。a proberb says, “ you are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言1表示原因 The reasons for this are as follows 例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life 2表示好处 It does us a lot of good例： Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us 3表示坏处 It does us much harm例： However，everything dividesinto twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion 4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能It plays an important role in our life例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home，tooWe have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age 5表示措施 2）We should try our best to overcome the difficulties例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more seriousTherefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it 6表示变化 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications 例： Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five yearsThe major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins7表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that例： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollutionTo solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollutionThe government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment 8表示比较 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV例： Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordableFirstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleumSecondly，they do not cause the pollution problemLast but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise 9表示数量1）It has increased（decreased）fromto 例： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased 10表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth例： People have different attitudes towards failureSome believe that failure leads to success Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavorHowever， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers 1For most of us today， （1）。 From above， we can find that the reasons why （2）are as follows.The primary reason， I think， is （3）.Second，（4）。 The third reason， actually， is （5）.The significance for （6）。Therefore， （7）。注释：（1）人们针对XX的态度和举措（2）归纳现状（3）第一个原因（4）第二个原因（5）第三个原因（6）重申造成现状的最重要原因PollutionMost of us today （recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem. lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air. many fish die of poisonous water. thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas. therefore， environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling， or bringing death not only to human beings， but also to wild life.）From above， we can find that the reasons why （environment are polluted more and more seriously）are as follows.the primary reason， I think， is （the reason of harmful substances into environment. for example， to prevent insects， farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides， so as to have bumper harvests. however， they pollute air， water and land ）。Second，（the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly ）。 the third reason actually is （the result of a growing population in the world. everyday， so much litter and waste are poured out from houses， also pollute the environment ）。 The significance for （controlling pollution） noted that its high time that more effective measures should be taken. Therefore， （new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories. moreover， in the households， there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste. lets make our good efforts， and the world will be a safer place to live for us）.2From the reasons presented above， I think the pros outweigh the cons.从以上原因可以看出，其优势胜过劣势（优点多于缺点）。As far as I am concerned， its disadvantages outweigh its disadvantages.我认为，其优势胜于劣势。总的说来：In general， all in all， on the whole ， in brief， in summary， in conclusion， in short， in a word ， to sum up， to conclude， to summarize，。.But all in all， I would say the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. With the advance of society， if we encourage the merits and eliminate the drawbacks， all people will enjoy a better life.但是，总的说来，我认为其优势大于劣势。随着社会的发展，如果我们能对此善加利用，所有的人都能生活得更好。From what has been discussed above， we may finally draw the conclusion that.。通过以上的讨论，我们可以得出如下结论，_。So， as I see it.。因此，我个人认为，_。What we must do is to encourage the strength and diminish the weaknesses to the least extent.我们必须尽可能发挥其优势，趋吉避凶。In conclusion， although 。. has its negative effects， it can to a great extent bring us more advantages.总的说来，虽然_ 有其负面的影响，在很大程度上，其也将给我们带来很多好处。3（I）说明原因型模块（2）In recent years， XX has caused a heated debate on （1）。The factors for （2）.First of all， （3）.Then， there comes a case that （4）。 Moreover， （5）。 Especially when （6）.Indeed， these unique points can be collected the remind people that （7）.In this way， we should behave just like （8）。The impact of TelevisionIn recent years， with the development of science and technology， 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV， offering as many as 50 channels. It has caused a heated debate on （the impact of television on children）。 Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for （parents worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.）.First of all， （with so many programs to choose from， children are not getting as much exercise as they should ）.Then， there comes a case that （some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ）。Moreover， （the effect on childrens minds are more serious than the effect on childrens bodies）。 Especially when （the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them）.Indeed， these unique points can be connected to remind parents that （they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their childrens TV viewing）.In this way， children will not be influenced too deeply.(i)说明原因型模块 currently, xx has been the order of the day. this does demonstrate the theory nothing is more valuable than xx it is clear that (1). if you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. on the contrary, if you (3).failure will be following with you. it turns out that all your plan falls through. no one can deny another fact that (4).you dont have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).it will exert a profound influence upon (6).with reference to my standpoint, i think (7).注释:1:xx的第一个优点2:支持xx的做法3:不支持xx的做法4:xx的第二个优点5:举例证明优点二6:说明xx优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文: the importance of selfconfidence currently, selfconfidence has been the order of the day. this does demonstrate the theory nothing is more valuable than selfconfidence. it is clear that (selfconfidence means trust in ones abilities). if you (are full of selfconfidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true. on the contrary, if you (have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything ). failure will be following with you。it turns out that all your plan falls through. no one can deny another fact that (selfconfidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).you dont have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (the secret of mme. curie lies in perseverance and selfconfidence, the latter in particular). it will exert a profound influence upon (the achievement of ones ambitions). with reference to my standpoint, i think (he that can have selfconfidence can have what he will). (i)说明原因型模块(2) in recent years, xx has caused a heated debate on (1). the factors for (2).first of all, (3).then, there comes a case that (4). moreover, (5). especially when (6).indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).in this way, we should behave just like (8). the impact of television in recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in china have satellite tv, offering as many as 50 channels. it has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children). many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children. the factors for (parents worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).first of all, (with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should ).then, there comes a case that (some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ). moreover, (the effect on childrens minds are more serious than the effect on childrens bodies). especially when (the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that (they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their childrens tv viewing).in this way, children will not be influenced too deeply. (i)说明原因型模块(4)for most of us today, (1). from above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as follows.the primary reason, i think, is (3).second,(4). the third reason, actually, is (5).the significance for (6)。therefore, (7).注释:(1)人们针对xx的态度和举措(2)归纳现状(3)第一个原因(4)第二个原因(5)第三个原因(6)重申造成现状的最重要原因 pollution most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem. lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air. many fish die of poisonous water. thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas. therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)from above, we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows. the primary reason, i think, is (the reason of harmful substances into environment. for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests. however, they pollute air, water and land ).second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly ). the third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in the world. everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment ). the significance for (controll