With复合结构的用法小结.doc

With复合结构的用法小结及练习一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词 ，作伴随状语） Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：1.I like eating the moon-cakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、 with结构的特点1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）（He was taken good care of.） She fell asleep with the light burning. （The light was burning.） With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. （Her hair was gone.）2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、 几点说明：1. with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。2. with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别：在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。例如： With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已领过路）With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寝室被关着）3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别： with结构具有上述功能和特点，而介词with+名词或代词（组）组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系： with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。例如：There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.（with+复合宾语结构，在句中作定语）A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.（名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语）The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.（独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语）Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand.（名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况） Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）介词with的复合结构及练习“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”构成介词with的复合结构，该结构在句中可作状语和定语。在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时，用现在分词；当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时，用过去分词；当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定式；当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。常见的结构：1. with + 宾语 + 介词短语1) He walked along the street with his hands in his pockets. （用作状语，宾补为介词短语） 他手插衣袋沿街走着。2) A girl stood at the door with an umbrella in her hands. （用作状语，宾补为介词短语） 一位姑娘站在门口，手里拿着一把雨伞。3) There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. （用作定语，宾补为介词短语） 这儿有一排排白色的房子，房前长着树木。4) She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. （用作定语，宾补为介词短语） 她看到一条小溪，两岸长着红花绿草。5) She left the office with tears in her eyes. （用作状语，宾补为介词短语） 她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。2. with + 宾语 + 形容词1) Why did you sleep with the windows open? （用作状语，宾补为形容词） 你为什么开着窗子睡觉？2) She sat down with her face pale with pain. （作状语，宾补为形容词） 她坐下来，痛的脸色发白了。3) He used to sleep with the door open. （宾补为形容词） 他过去常开着门睡觉。3. with + 宾语 + 副词1) The teaching building looks even more beautiful with all lights on. （用作状语，宾补为副词） 所有的灯都亮着时，教学楼就显得更加漂亮。2) The child went out with no hat on. （用作状语，宾补为副词） 孩子没有戴帽子就出去了。3) Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour. （宾补为副词短语） 福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。4) Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thousands of lights on at night. （宾补为副词） 夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。4. with + 宾语 + 过去分词1) With the cup broken, the child was crying. （用作状语，宾补为过去分词） 杯子打碎了，孩子哭了起来。2) With the work done，he went home. （宾补为过去分词） 工作做完后，他回了家。3) The boy lay on the grass with his eyes fixed on the sky. （宾补为过去分词） 那男孩躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。5. with + 宾语 + 现在分词1) She lay on her bed with the sunlight falling on her face. （用作状语，宾补为现在分词） 她躺在床上，让阳光照射着她的面庞。2) With a boy leading the way，they started towards the village. （宾补为现在分词） 由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。3) The boy lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. （宾补为现在分词） 那男孩躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。6. with + 宾语 + 不定式1) With the machines to do all work, we over-fulfilled our production plan last month. 由于机器做了全部的工作，我们上个月超额完成了生产计划。（用作状语，宾补为不定式）2) With you to help us, we will finish the task in time. 由你来帮助，我们将会及时完成任务。（宾补为不定式）【巩固练习】1. With so many problems _, the manager felt worried. A. to solve B. to be solved C. solved D. being solved2. That year his total income, with his reward_, _12,000 yuan. A. added to; added up to B. added; added to C. added up to; added D. adds to; adds up to3. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled4. The reporter showed many noodle trees with the farmers _ noodles off them and _ them into baskets. A. pulling; putting B. to pull; to put C. pulled; put D. pulling; put5. The programme makers realized that people might wonder why noodles were always the same size so they explained that “it was the result of many years patient resea