请求权基础论文：合同无效后返还财产责任的探讨.doc

请求权基础论文：合同无效后返还财产责任的探讨【中文摘要】被宣告无效或被撤销的合同不发生法律效力,但并不是不发生任何法律后果,只是不发生当事人订立合同时所期望发生的结果,即使得当事人在合同中规定的产生、变更或终止民事权利义务的意图不能得以实现。根据我国合同法的相关规定,合同无效后的法律后果,因合同无效时财产的存在状态不同而有所不同：无效合同未被履行,双方也未受有损失的,双方均不承担民事责任；合同无效时已被履行,双方当事人应将因无效合同所取得的财产返还给对方,不能返还或者没有必要返还的,应当折价补偿；对因合同无效而造成的损失,有过错的一方应当向对方进行赔偿,双方都有过错的,各自承担相应责任。本文仅对合同无效后的返还财产法律后果进行分析,对这一法律后果中的若干问题进行了探讨,以求更深层次的理解和厘清司法实践中所遇到的问题并寻求妥当的答案。文章除引言和结语外,正文分为四个部分。第一部分,就合同无效后返还财产请求权的性质问题进行分析。就返【英文摘要】The phenomenon, in the private law practice, occurs frequently that contracts are null and void. Legal consequences similar to that of avoidance of the contract happen when changeable or revocable contract are canceled as well as the termination of the contract.The Article 58 of Contract law, China, prescribes that prosperities should be returned from the contract after it is invalid of withdraw, or given a corresponding compensation while the prosperity cannot be returned or the return is unnecessary. The party at fault shall compensate the other one for losses suffered if both sides are at fault, bear their respective responsibilities.Therefore, consequences follow after contracts turn out to be invalid that the return of property, a discount of compensation and the pay of damages. However, the legislation fails to set the basis of liability to return the property, namely we cannot get a definite criterion that the claim for restitution of property followed by invalid contract derives from the right of claiming (argument A refers to it next), or creditor claims (B instead). We should focus on these problems encountered in the judicial practice and make them through. In this paper, I will do my utmost to make me understood and tackle such tricky problems.The text is divided into four parts apart from the introduction and conclusion.Firstly, I will analyze the problem relative to the basis of the right of claim.Discussion about the nature of the return of property has always existed, furthermore and such two different arguments as A or unjust enrichment claim gradually cooperate to allow the existence of two competing rights. I advise to legalize the right of claiming and determine the nature of return of the property according to the specific facts of the case in judicial practice as to fulfill the legislations intention.Secondly, we will swift to topic how to calculate the number of the return of property, In the first, propose the standard we should abide by, that is to return to the state prior to entering into the contract. Then, discuss the scope of the return, yield calculations, whether the need for compensation for the depreciation of property or not, and impacts arouse by changes of the monetary value. Finally, talk about the burden of costs and the risks followed by the returnThirdly, analyze the discount compensation liability, which is a special way for responsibility of the return to compensate the loss with money. We adopt it just when fail to return the property or there is no need.Next, point out that the nature of discount compensation to which the principle of fault fails to apply, differ from compensation for damages. By the way, I prop up the objective view and give some examples.Lastly, have a talk about the thesis the return followed by illegal reasons, which has been proscribed in legislation in many countries of the civil law and common law system to maintain social order and good morals.However, critics of the system always exist that the mode, “principle plus exceptions “fails to solve all the problem under the system. In this paper, analyze the core issues that the return or not followed by payment for illegal reasons; enunciate the reasons for the existence of each principle and role. Then, describe the illegal use of payment systems in china in the form of case as well as putting forward the authors appointment.【关键词】请求权基础 返还财产 折价补偿 不法原因给付制度【英文关键词】Claim Basis Return of Property Discount Compensation Payment System for Illegal Reasons【目录】合同无效后返还财产责任的探讨内容摘要6-8Abstract8-9引言12-13一、合同无效后返还财产请求权的性质13-19(一) 对返还财产请求权性质认识的现状13-151. 对返还财产规范中”财产”的理解13-142. 有关返还财产请求权性质的不同观点14-15(二) 对物上请求权与不当得利请求权的认识15-181. 物上请求权与不当得利请求权的关系15-162. 物上请求权与不当得利请求权的比较16-18(三) 本文的观点18-19二、合同无效后返还财产的基本规则19-27(一) 返还财产的标准19-20(二) 返还财产的范围20-241. 孳息的返还20-212. 物的折旧21-223. 必要费用及有益费用的扣除22-24(三) 返还财产中的费用负担24-25(四) 返还财产中的风险负担25-27三、合同无效后返还财产的特殊方式折价补偿27-31(一) 返还财产与折价补偿的关系27-28(二) 折价补偿与损害赔偿的区别28(三) 折价补偿额的确定28-311. 折价补偿的标准2