大学英语精读1Lesson1知识要点.ppt

Half a Day,Naguib Mahfouz,Company Logo,Session 3-4,Warm-up,There are three groups of new words following, by making use of which you try to make up stories. Its a test for your imagination and language ability! 1) clutch, convince, tear away, cling to, variety. 2) burst into, sort into, glance, overlook. 3) trace, find ones way, whisper, resort to.,Text Structure,1,Para. 1-7 The boys reluctance to go to school and his misgivings about school,2,Para. 8-16 The Boys life at school: Rich and colorful Requiring discipline and hard work,3,Para. 17-20 At the end of school day: everything has changed!,Language Study,Para. 1-7,Language and Details,Clutch (L1, Para 1) hold tightly, usu. in fear, anxiety, or pain esp. because you are frightened, in pain, or do not want to lose something 抓紧,攫住 Silent and pale, the girl clutched (to/onto) her mothers chest. 这个苍白安静的小女孩紧紧地靠在母亲胸前 A drowning man will clutch at a straw. 溺水之人不放过一根稻草 病急乱投医。 他紧紧地抓着钱，匆忙走向银行 Clutching the money in his hand, he hurried to the bank.,Synonyms hold seize grip grasp grab snatch,catch at,Lesson 1 Half a Day,Sentence Paraphrase 2,They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. (L2, Para1),“As” introduces an adverbial clause of reason.,Noun phrase usu. followed by a relative clause is used as an adverbial of time.,Paraphrase: But my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.,Language and Details,Be to do sth: future tense indicating intention or plan,Lesson 1 Half a Day,“Why school?” I asked my father. “What have I done?” (L2, Para3),elliptical question,Why do I have to go to school? I dont think Ive done anything wrong to be punished like this.,rhetorical question,Language and Details,“School is not a punishment. Its a place that makes useful men out of boys” (para. 4) to make a boy become useful 使成为，铸造，铸就 to make (out) of sb./sth Eg: The army made a man (out) of him. 军旅生涯使他成为了一名真正的男子汉。 He said the Government were frightened of nothing. The real trouble was that we were making a mountain out of a molehill. (小题大做),Language and Details,convince (L1, Para5) vt. to make sb. feel certain that sth. is true 使确信, 使信服 Examples: I couldnt convince him of his mistake. I managed to convince them that the story was true. a convincing argument 有说服力的论据 convincing evidence 令人信服的证据,I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home Para5,there is no good (to be had in )doing sth.=It is no good/ use doing sth. (做没有用/没有好处) Example: 买一条船却又没有闲暇的时间去用它，买了也没有用。 There is no good to be had in buying a boat when you dont have enough spare time to use it. 我不觉得公司裁员能起到什么作用。 I dont see there is any good to be had in downsizing/cutting/reducing the staff of the company.,it is no (not much) good it is no (not any, hardly any, little) use it is useless it is not the slightest use there is no (good, use) it is worth (worthwhile) 否认妇女在当今世界的重要作用是无用的。 There is no (good) denying that women are playing an important role in the world today. Its no good crying over spilt milk. (proverb),+doing,tear away to tear sb./oneself away (from sb./sth.): to (make sb.) leave (sb./sth.) unwillingly Examples: 别再盯着电视了，出来散散步。 Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk. 这个节目太有意思了，我舍不得走开。 The program is so interesting that I cant tear myself away.,I hesitated and clung to his hand, but he gently pushed me from him. “Be a man,” he said. Para7 Cling to : to hold tightly; not release ones grip on 紧握，抓住 Collocations Cf. cling to the belief cling to the hope cling to ones own view cling to the habit cling to ones possessions,Cf. 固守信念 抱着一线希望 坚持己见 固守着某种习惯 坚守财产不肯放弃,Language Study,Para. 8-16,glance (1) n. a quick look 一瞥 have/take a at sth. 瞥一眼，浏览 at a : with one look 看一眼 at first : when seen for the first time 乍一看 Examples 他一眼就能看出车子问题出在哪。 He could tell at a glance what was wrong with the car. 乍一看这个问题似乎很简单。 At first glance the problem seemed easy. (2) v. at : take a quick look at sth.,burst into (tears, sobs, laughter, song, flames) begin suddenly and violently to cry, laugh, sing, burn etc. Examples: 苏珊阿姨最近老是紧张兮兮的，突然她就放声大哭起来。 Aunt Susan, who has been nervous lately, suddenly burst into tears. 喜剧演员一上台，观众们就开始爆笑起来。 As the comic got onto the stage, the audience burst into laughter.,sort (people) into ranks put . in order; arrange 分排，整理 Examples: They sorted the apples according to size into large ones and small ones. 他们将苹果依大小排列。 cf. She spent a happy afternoon sorting out her coins and stamps. Its no good standing back and waiting for things to sort themselves out.,A lady came along, followed by a group of men. The men began sorting us into ranks. Para 11,（挑拣）,（解决）,overlook vt. a. to have a view of sth. from above 俯瞰,远眺 b. to fail to see or notice; pay no attention to 没有注意到,忽略 Examples: Our room overlooks the ocean. 从我们的房间可以远眺大海. Im afraid I overlooked your name; Ill add it to the list immediately. 抱歉我漏了你的名字; 我马上就加进名单里. Ill overlook your mistake this time. 这次你的错误忽略不记.,Synonyms neglect 疏忽 ignore不理睬,We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard surrounded by high buildings; from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. (para. 11) We were made to stand in different positions to form regular shapes in the big courtyard which was encircled by high buildings. There was a long wood-roofed balcony on each floor of the buildings. From the balconies people could see the pattern into which we formed. 在这个被高大建筑物包围的大操场上，我们排成了复杂的队形，从每层楼上长长的、有木质屋檐的走廊上都能看见我们。,I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences. Para13,variety (1) n. number or range of different things 品种,种类,Examples: The T-shirts are available in a wide variety of colors. T恤衫可供选择的颜色种类繁多. The students come from a variety of different backgrounds. 来这里的学生背景各异.,variety (2) n. quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all times 多样性,变化 She didnt like the work, because it lacked variety; she was doing the same things all the time. Variety is the spice of life. 多样化是生活的调味品.,Word formations vary (v.)变化 various (a.)各种各样的 varied (a.)不同的 variable (n. n. 变量 variation (n.) 变化,变动,变种,变异 variant (n.) 变体,1) Customs vary from country to country. 2) Human nature, in all its many and varied forms, is very complex and hard to understand. Of all the various ways of cooking an egg, I like boiling best. 4) There are wide regional variations in house price. 5) There are too many variables in the experiment to predict the result accurately. 6) Consumers preferences are so variable that planning is almost impossible.,1) 风俗随国家不同而有所变化。 2) 人类本性，多种多样，变化多端，复杂难解。 3) 在各种各样做鸡蛋的方法中，我最喜欢煮鸡蛋。 4) 房价有很大的地方性差异。 5) 实验存在太多的变量，无法准确预测实验结果。 6) 消费者的喜好是如此反复无常以致于不可能形成什么计划。,We saw a globe of the Earth, which revolved and showed the various continents and countries. Para14,v. a. to spin around or make sth. spin around, on a central point 旋转, 围绕 b. (fig.) to think about 考虑,Examples: The earth revolves round the sun. The story revolves around a young girl who runs away from home. 故事内容围绕着一个小女孩离家出走. He revolved the matter in his head/mind. 他反复思考了这件事情.,4. observant: adj: a. Quick to perceive or apprehend 机警的 b. (of) Diligent in observing a law, custom, duty, or principle 严格遵守的,observe 遵守交通规则 observe traffic rules observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节 observatory 天文台,Examples: an observant boy observant of the rules,Word formations,We had to be observant and patient. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. Para15,give rise to: to be the reason why sth. esp. sth. bad or unpleasant happen 引起，导致,Examples: Two phenomena are giving rise to world-wide concernmass unemployment and mass migration into cities. 大面积失业和大规模城市移民这两种现象正引起全世界的广泛关注。,Rivalries could bring about pain and hatred or give rise to fighting. Para15,And while the lady would sometimes smile, she would often yell and scold. Even more frequently she would resort to physical punishment. Para 15,resort to: to make use of ; to turn to sth. (esp. sth. bad) as a solution 采取，诉诸，求助于,Terrorists resorted to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims. 恐怖分子炸毁市中心以求达到他们的政治目的。 Differences and disputes should be resolved through dialogue and negotiation rather than by resorting to force or terrorist actions. 分歧和争执应该是通过对话及协商加以解决，而不能诉诸于武力和恐怖行动。,Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance. (para. 16),only,Paraphrase: The kind of life that was waiting for us at school would be full of exertion, struggle and perseverance.,我们的前面只有努力、斗争和不折不挠。 除了努力、奋斗和坚持，我们别无选择。,Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves. (para. 16),v. /prizent/ (vs n. attend 呈现, 出席,When the chance to study at Harvard presented itself, I jumped at it. 当有去哈佛学习的机会出现的时候, 我立即抓住了这个机会. He was ordered to present himself at the chairmans office at nine oclock the next morning. 他得到命令第二天早上九点一定要出现在主席办公室.,Word formations presentation (n.) presentable (a.) adj.象样的,Guess the word meaning They unwrapped their Christmas presents. His wife presented him with a brand-new baby girl. His sudden resignation presents us with a tricky situation. The National Theatre is presenting “King Lear” next month. It was unfair to discuss his case if he wasnt present.,Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves. (para. 16),relative clause modifying “those”,relative clause modifying “opportunities”,Paraphrase: If there came opportunities, capable students would seize them to achieve success and happiness.,只要机会来临，有能力的学生就能抓住去实现他们的成功和幸福。,Language Study,Para. 17-20,I looked around but found no trace of my father, who had promised to be there. (para. 17),n. a. a small sign that shows that sb. or sth. was present or existed 痕迹 b. very small amount 一丝,It vanished/disappeared/without trace. 它消失得不留一点痕迹. Davids lost all trace of his German accent. 大卫说话的口音中已经不带一丝德国腔了. A mere trace of smile passed over her face. 她的脸上浮现出一丝微笑.,v. a. to follow the marks to find sb. or sth. 追踪 b. to find the origin of sth. 追溯 c. to study or describe the history, development or progress of sth. 探寻,Examples: 她已经放弃了寻找她失踪女儿的希望。 She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter. 这些画的风格可以追溯到中世纪早期。 The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieval influences. 他这本书探讨了男女之间关系不断变化的本质。 His book traces the changing nature of the relationship between men and women.,Synonyms track down Word formation traceable (a.),How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its sides? (para. 17),find their way to: to arrive or get to a place 来到，走到 Examples: After being lost for t