考点一语法一致原则.docx

考点一 语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。1由and或bothand连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(若连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词也用复数形式)。如： Tom and Mike are good friends汤姆和迈克是好朋友。 Both Lucy and Lily are students露西和莉莉都是学生。 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop店里出售咖啡和啤酒。2用one，every one，each one，any one，each，either，neither等+of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Every one of the students is studying hard每个学生都在用功读书。 Neither of the girls is pretty这两个女孩都不漂亮。例 Neither of the two brothers_ with their parentsAthe Bare living Clike to live Dlives解析 neither of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。答案 D3不定代词either，neither，each one，the other，another，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你的自行车有什么毛病吗? Everyone is ready for the sports meeting大家都为运动会做好准备了。例 _ of the boys in Class 4 is playing gamesAAll BEach CThe both DEveryone解析 each用作代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。本句动词是第三人称单数形式，故选B。答案 B4不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：To teach is to learn教学相长。Playing with fire is dangerous玩火危险。例 Playing basketball_ Dales favourite sportAis Bare Cbe Dwere解析 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。答案 A5在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。 together with along with(或with) besides(或butexcept) as well asA+ including + B + 谓语动词 + rather than likein addition to如：The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次搏物馆。The captain, as well as the other players, was tired队长还有其他那些队员都感到累了。Alice，together with her boy friend, goes fishing every Sunday艾丽丝和她男朋友每个星期天都一起去钓鱼。The wallet, with the ID card and money, was lost钱包，包括钱和身份证，都丢了。Nobody but Xiao Wang and Xiao Li was in the classroom只有小王和小李(当时)在教室里。例 Everyone except Tom and John_ there when the meeting beganAare Bis Cwere Dwas解析 主语后跟有with，except等词连接的短语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与这些词前面的名词保持一致。因句中时态为过去时，故选D。答案 D6由“some(of)，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most(of)，the rest(of)，all(of)，half(of)，分数或百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果所修饰的是可数名词，则谓语动词用复数；如果所修饰的是不可效名词，则谓语动词用单数。如：Most of the students in our class were for the plan我们班多数学生赞成这个计划。 Most of the water in the lake has been polluted by the factory大部分湖水被这个工厂污染了。 I want these blue onesThe rest belong to you我想要这些蓝色的，其余的归你。 Let us drink the water firstThe rest is going to be given to them我们先喝，剩下的再送给他们。 Half of the apples have been rotten一半的苹果都已腐烂。 Half of the apple has been rotten半个苹果已腐烂。7a number of+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： A number of trees are cut down许多树木被砍伐了。 The number of students in our class is 32我们班的学生人数是32。8none作主语指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；指代可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。如： -Is there any milk in the cup? 杯子里有牛奶吗? -No, there is none 没有，一点也没有。 None of them hashave arrived 他们当中还没有人到达。9表示成双成套的名词。如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： My glasses were broken 我的眼镜坏了。 His trousers are dirtyThey need washing 他的裤子很脏，需要洗涤。注意：如果这类词被a pairtwo pairs修饰谓语要和pair的形式保持一致。如： This pair of compasses was made in Beijing 这副圆规是北京制造的。 Five pairs of shoes have been sold out in the morning早晨卖出去了五双鞋。10由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”或“名词+of this kind”，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如： A kind of birds has been discovered by them他们发现了一种鸟。11在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如：There comes the bus汽车过来了。Such were his words. 这就是他的原话。考点二：意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词是单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。1主语表示事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如：people，police，cattle(家禽)，poultry(家畜)，则谓语动词用复数。如： The police are looking for the missing child 警察正在寻找走失的小孩。 Most people think so 大多数人都这样想。2主语表示事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如: clothing，fruit，equipment，traffic，jewellery等，则谓语动词用单数。如： Our warm clothing protects us against the cold 暖和的衣服保护我们不受寒冷。 There isnt any traffic on the road at the moment 这会儿路上没有车辆往来。3主语为集体名词，如：family，team, crowd，company, class, government等，若表示整体概念，其谓语动词须用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，其谓语动词须用复数形式。如：My family is a small one with three people我家是一个只有三口人的小家庭。My family all like classic music我全家都喜欢古典音乐。4maths，physics等单数概念、复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。常见的有：抽象名词(如：news)，学科名词(如：maths，physics)，专有名词(如：James，the Units States, the Arabian Nights天方夜谭), 游戏、运动名词(如：billiards台球)等。而clothes，goods，works(著作)，the Olympic Games等几个词或短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The Unites States was founded in 1776美国成立于1776年。Physics is very interestingWe all like it. 物理很有意思，我们都很喜欢。The expensive clothes were made specially for the beautiful princess这件昂贵的衣服是特别为美丽的公主制作的。Goods in the store have been sold out at a very low price那家商店里的货物已经低价出售了。His works are translated into so many languages that you can find it in many bookshops easily他的著作已经被翻译成了多种语言，在书店里你能很容易找到。5. the +形容词作主语若表示一类人，谓语动词用复数；若表示一种抽象概念或品质，谓语动词用单数。如：The rich are not always happy 富人并不总是快乐的。The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us. 美给我们大家以快乐。6表示时间、长度、价格、质量等的短语作主语时，应将它们作为一个整体看待，即使其中的名词为复数形式，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。如： Three years has already passed quickly 三年的时间已经很快过去了。 Fifty yuan is enough 五十元钱足够了。7由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)时，谓词动词用单数形式。如： The singer and dancer has been invited to the party 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会。8不定代词eacheveryno+名词+and+ eacheveryno+名词作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each hay and each girl wants 10 have a good job in the future每个男孩和每个女孩都希望将来能找份好工作。考点三：就近一致原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，却与邻近它的名词一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，就近原则多用在不甚严肃的文体中。1由either.or，neithernor，not onlybut(also)，notbut,或or连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词的单复数须与较近的主语保持一致。如： Neither her sisters nor Mary is going to the party tomorrow 玛丽和她的妹妹们明天都不去参加聚会。 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle不但我父母而且我也盼望着看到我叔叔。2There he和Here be这两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如： There is an apple and three bananas in Toms bag 在汤姆的包里有一个苹果和三根香蕉。例：Here a letter and two books on the deskAis Bare Chave Dhas解析 here放在句首，其后的谓语动词的单复数与there be句型的用法一样，要由离它最近的主语来确定。句中a letter and two books虽为联合主语，但依然要以a letter为准而用is。答案 A 易混知识清单知识归纳易混点一 并列连词 and 连接并列主语时的几种情况1两个或多个单数名词、不可数名词或代词共同作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： Tom and Jim are going to Beijing tomorrow 汤姆和吉姆明天将去北京。 A worker and a writer are going to give us a talk 一位工人和一位作家将给我们做报告。2当and连接的两个名词指同一个人或物(即and后无冠词)时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： A worker and writer is going to give us a talk 一位工人兼作家将给我们做报告。 There is a knife and fork on the dinner table 餐桌上摆着一副刀叉。注意：常见的表示单一概念的短语有：a knife and fork(一副刀叉)，a cart and horse(一驾马车)，bread and butter(涂黄油的面包)，the needle and thread(针线)，early to bed and early to rise(早睡早起)等等。3and连接的两个单数名词前有every，each或no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl is going to take part in the sports meeting next week 每个男孩和每个女孩下周都要参加运动会。 易混点三 集合名词作主语的情况 当集合名词class, family, team, group, government, audience, crowd, company, crew, public等作主语时，若强调群体，则谓语动词用单数；若强调组成该集体的分散个体，则谓语动词用复数。如：My family has moved to the countryside. 我的家搬到农村了。My family are all fond of films. 我的家人都喜欢看电影。 例 The family_ having dinner when the guest cameAis Bwas Cwere Dare解析 根据题意，family指家庭成员，故谓语动词用复数，此句为过去时态，故答案为C。答案 C 易混点五 the number of, a number ofthe number of表示“的数目”，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，后接名词或代词的复数形式，当它作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。例 The number of people invited_ more than 200，and a number of them_ been here now Awere，has Bwere，have Cwas，has Dwas，haveof DThousand of易混点六 police, policeman “police”作主语时，指有生命的集合体，是复数形式，谓语动词用复数；“policeman”作主语时，指个体，是单数名词，谓语动词用单数。例 The police_ looking for